...Julius Caesar full title · The Tragedy of Julius Caesar author · William Shakespeare type of work · Play genre · Tragic drama, historical drama language · English time and place written · 1599, in London date of first publication · Published in the First Folio of 1623, probably from the theater company’s official promptbook rather than from Shakespeare’s manuscript publisher · Edward Blount and William Jaggard headed the group of five men who undertook the publication of Shakespeare’s First Folio narrator · None climax · Cassius’s death (V.iii), upon ordering his servant, Pindarus, to stab him, marks the point at which it becomes clear that the murdered Caesar has been avenged, and that Cassius, Brutus, and the other conspirators have lost in their attempt to keep Rome a republic rather than an empire. Ironically, the conspirators’ defeat is not yet as certain as Cassius believes, but his death helps bring about defeat for his side. protagonists · Brutus and Cassius antagonists · Antony and Octavius setting (time) · 44 b.c. setting (place) · Ancient Rome, toward the end of the Roman republic point of view · The play sustains no single point of view; however, the audience acquires the most insight into Brutus’s mind over the course of the action falling action · Titinius’ realization that Cassius has died wrongly assuming defeat; Titinius’ suicide; Brutus’s discovery of the two corpses; the final struggle between Brutus’s men and the troops...
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...Does Shakespeare depict Julius Caesar as a tyrant who deserved to be deposed because of his unconstitutional usurpation of power? William Shakespeare’s well-renowned play, The Tragedy of Julius Caesar, has led to centuries of controversial debate on the validity of tyrannicide based on his depiction of Julius Caesar. Some scholars have argued that Shakespeare intended to portray Caesar as a tyrant, while others believe he is acting as a just King. On one hand, it is difficult to assume that Shakespeare plainly viewed Caesar as a tyrant, especially since Shakespeare deliberately left Caesar’s actions and intentions ambiguous, making him into a less obvious tyrannical figure compared to Plutarch’s representation of Caesar. In addition, Shakespeare does not solidify Caesar as a tyrant in the same way he does with Macbeth and Richard III in their respective plays. On the other hand, it is difficult to reason that Caesar is a just King because he came into power by usurpation. “In antiquity the term [“tyrant”] referred to a ruler who came to power by usurpation, without constitutional warrant.” Based on insight from several sources and my own interpretation of Julius Caesar, I have concluded that Shakespeare left Caesar’s objectives unknown in order to focus on the moral dilemma faced by Brutus, but Shakespeare still intended to depict Caesar as a tyrant who deserved to be deposed because of his unconstitutional usurpation of power. In order to prove this I will evaluate the political...
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...Characteristics of a noble man include being ethical, patriotic, reasonable, and showing selflessness. Being a good orator, but not a good man lies beneath the speeches of Marcus Brutus and Marc Antony. In William Shakespeare's Julius Caesar, Caesar’s friends are faced by an equal amount of hatred from the Plebeians with the aftermath of respected Julius Caesar’s death. There is a great struggle for the title of the noblest Roman between Brutus and Antony to reveal the most powerful and honorable man. The speedy fight for power are exposed quickly from each side of these Roman figures. After the assassination of Caesar, both Antony and Brutus relay speeches at the funeral that contain a significant amount of rhetorical techniques to their audience....
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...The power of words can persuade any audience to change their minds about a subject. In The Tragedy of Julius Caesar written by William Shakespeare, Mark Antony uses his words to change the perspective of the commoners about the horrid death of their former commander Julius Caesar. Throughout the play, the commoners are found changing their minds on issues constantly and can be swayed just by words spoken by Antony. The intentional use of rhetoric used by Antony at Caesar’s own funeral persuades the commoners to revolt against the senators. Throughout Antony’s speech, he uses all three modes of persuasion (ethos, pathos, and logos) to make his funeral orientation a success. Ethos is a key point in making Antony an influential speaker towards his audience. Antony’s use of ethos helps convince the commoners to take his side and influences the commoners. When Antony explains how much of a friend he was to Caesar, he convinces the audience of how qualified he is to speak at Caesar’s funeral. Antony states, “Come I to speak in Caesar’s funeral. / He was my friend, faithful and just to me;” (III.ii.85-86). Antony explains to the commoners that he has in fact been one of Caesar’s noblest men, an honorable friend....
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...conspirator’s beliefs, he knows that the majority of Romans believe in them so by calling them honorable he is shown in a more favorable light. Equally important, Antony’s consistent and clear usage of logic in addition to his powerful appeal of ethos, invokes a growing sense of doubt in the Roman people’s minds about whether Brutus was truly just in his killing of Caesar....
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...JULIUS CAESAR BY WILLIAM SHAKESPEAR Question 1 In what way does the crowd function as a character? In the play “Julius Caesar”, the crowd plays a crucial role in portraying the setting of their society. The crowds would usually portray characteristics of one character or individual. They acted like this in the way they went about doing things e.g.- they would always take the side of the person in power, they were easily persuaded because of their naïve state of mind. Question 2 One thing Julius Caesar and Brutus have in common is their divided selves. Compare the two characters with special reference to their public and private selves. Both Caesar and Brutus have two distinguished personalities, (divided selves). In reference to Brutus’ public personality, he is confident and hold himself in high esteem. He refuses to show even a spec of weakness. He takes great pride in his speeches. As opposed to his private self, who is very timid and gentle. This was portrayed in the play when he tries to conceal tis side of him from his wife. In reference to Caesar’s public personality, he is fearless, arrogant and noble in public. Caesar was unable to separate his public self from his private self unlike Brutus. Caesar would discuss his private affairs publicly. Question 3 Compare and contrast the scene between Portia and Brutus and the scene between Caesar and Calpurnia Brutus and Portia share a more respectful relationship with an understanding that they are...
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...In what ways does the language and imagery of the speech demonstrate Antony’s manipulation of the crowd? (Act3:Scene2) In this scene, we again see the fickle nature of the Roman people, who follow whoever is the most powerful. Brutus make an error when he speaks first, and then leaves. Antony then manipulates the crowd to the point where they want to riot and take revenge. At first, we see that Brutus thinks will be able to calm the crowd, so that a neat transition of power can happen. But Antony understands the strategies of gaining power, and sees that an angry mob who are against the conspirators will help him, and hinder Brutus. Shakespeare writes Brutus’ speech in prose, so it is more down-to-earth for the crowd, with less ordered structure. He speaks to defend and explain the conspirators’ actions. It is all very formal, with complicated phrasing. He speaks about himself, his reasons, and how Caesar was never that great. He begins with “Romans, countrymen, and lovers, hear me for my cause”. He puts the country before friendship, as he is very patriotic, and wants all for the good of the Roman Empire. He continues this point when he says “If then that friend demand why Brutus/rose against Caesar, this is my answer: not that I loved Caesar less, / but that I loved Rome more”. He uses emotional blackmail in rhetorical questions to get the crowd on his side. He asks “Had you rather Caesar were living, and /die all slaves, than Caesar were dead, to live all freemen?.../////...
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...Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare William Shakespeare Renowned English poet, playwright and actor William Shakespeare’s birth date is not known; however, he is said to have been baptized on the 26th of April 1564. He died on the 26th of April 1616 but not before he had written about 38 plays, 154 sonnets and other literary pieces. Shakespeare’s plays have been translated into several languages over the years and have been produced in many forms throughout the ages. The Play Julius Caesar is a play about friendship, betrayal and power. The play is a historical tragedy as it presents the biography of one of the greatest man to have ever lived in Rome. Caesar was made Dictator and Consol after he chased Pompey and his forces out of Rome in an attempt to obtain ultimate power. Caesar’s ultimate goal was to become Rome’s first king and he remained focus on this goal until his death in 44BC. His death was as a result of fate and his refusal to acknowledge the many signs and omens that foreshadowed his fall. Brutus a very good friend of Caesar also took part in his assassination. Brutus feared that Caesar would become a tyrant and harm the people of Rome. In an attempt to ‘save’ the people Brutus helped Cassius to take Caesar’s life. After Caesar’s death he is avenged by his loyal servant Antony who skillfully manipulates his way into the band of conspirators. Later, after winning the love of the people Antony pursues and conquers Brutus’ and Cassius’ forces...
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...Chapter II: literature of the renaissance (End of the 15th - beginning of the 17th century) In the 15th - 16th centuries capitalist relation began to develop in Europe. The former townspeople became the bourgeoisie. The bourgeoisie fought against feudalism because it held back the development of capitalism. The decay of feudalism and the development of capitalist relation were followed by a great rise in the cultural life of Europe. There was an attempt at creating a new culture which would be free from the limitation of the feudal ideology of the Middle Ages. The epoch was characterized by a thirst for knowledge and discoveries, by a powerful development of individuality. It was then that great geographical discoveries of Columbus, Magellan and other travelers as well as astronomical discoveries of Copernicus, Bruno, Galilei were made. The invention of the printing press (Fyodorov in Russia, Guttenberg in Germany, Caxton in England) contributed to the development of culture in all European countries. Universities stopped being citadels of religious learning and turned into centers of humanist study. There was a revival of interest in the ancient culture of Greece and Rome ("Renaissance" is French for "rebirth"). The study of the works of ancient philosophers, writers, and artists helped the people to widen their outlook, to know the world and man's nature. On the basis of both the ancient culture and the most progressive elements of the culture of the...
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...Caesar Summary Option K Rome: Julius Caesar Principal Focus: Students gain an understanding of Julius Caesar in the context of his time. Students learn about: 1 Historical context – geography, topography and resources of Rome and provinces – overview of Roman political and social structures – overview of significant political and military developments 2 Background and rise to prominence – his family background and position – his education, early life and ambitions – paths to power: priesthoods; Marian connections; political alliances and marriages – early political career to 60 BC 3 Career – role in First Triumvirate – Gallic Wars: campaigns and tactics, siege of Alesia – relationship with his army – relationship with the Senate – role in the Civil War – political supporters and enemies – personal relationships: Julia, Cleopatra VII, Brutus, Mark Antony, Cicero – impact of personality on career; significance of his writings – dictatorship: policies and reforms – assassination: motives, manner and impact of his death 4 Evaluation – impact and influence on his time – assessment of his life and career – legacy – ancient and modern images and interpretations of Julius Caesar. 1. Historical Context Geography, topography and resources of Rome and provinces Geography and topography • Most of Italy is...
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...SUPERSTITIONS AND DREAM INTERPRETATIONS IN THE DUCHESS OF MALFIAND ALL FOR LOVE Superstition, a sort of a feeling that takes umpteen number of forms and at times frightens life out of people, takes a special place in the life of a person which might make a person float on cloud nine or perish in dungeons. Superstitions are universal and they do exist even now in the 21st century and the plays before three centuries are no exceptions. The plays during the 16th and 17th centuries were abounding with superstitious beliefs which might seem ridiculous in the present scenario. In this paper we shall see the role of superstitious beliefs and dreams in The Duchess of Malfi by John Webster and All for Love by John Dryden. The Duchess of Malfi is a revenge tragedy and unlike other revenge tragedies here the villain himself avenges the death of the Duchess. The Duchess is a young widow who is in love with Antonio, the manager of her house hold and is steadfast on marrying him. In spite of the threatening of her brothers she marries Antonio with the aid of Cariola. Ferdinand, one of her brothers employs Bosolo to spy her. Ferdinand apart from eyeing the fortune of the Duchess he also eyes her beauty. But Cardinal, the other brother of the Duchess is worried only about her wealth. Bosola passes the news that the Duchess has given birth to a child and Ferdinand in unquenchable fury banishes the Duchess. Ferdinand with the help of Bosola gains a fake key to the chamber of the Duchess and...
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...The Study of Jespersen v. Harrah’s Mary Verhamme Abstract The decision in the case of Jespersen v Harrah’s might have shown that the claimant, Darlene Jespersen, was not illegal discriminated against because of her sex, it does show that organizations that want to succeed and be known as an employer of choice have to take diversity initiatives one step further then following employment law. Organizations have to employ strategies that support diversity by implementing a plan, communicating the plan, and follow thru and make changes to stay competitive in today’s marketplace. Introduction The plaintiff in the case, Darlene Jespersen worked for Harrah’s Operating Company at their location in Reno, Nevada for over twenty years in their Food and Beverage Department as a Bartender. Beginning in April 2000, Harrah’s launched a new program called their “Personal Best” employee appearance program in which employee’s were required to comply with the following policies as stated in Jespersen v Harrah’s (2006): Overall Guidelines (applied equally to male/female): * Appearance: Must maintain Personal Best image portrayed at time of hire. * Jewelry, if issued, must be worn. Otherwise, tasteful and simple jewelry is permitted; no large chokers, chains, or bracelets. * No faddish hairstyles or unnatural colors are permitted. Males: * Hair must not extend below top of shirt collar. Ponytails are prohibited. * Hands and fingernails must be clean and nails neatly...
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...Provided by The Internet Classics Archive. See bottom for copyright. Available online at http://classics.mit.edu//Caesar/gallic.html The Gallic Wars By Julius Caesar Translated by W. A. McDevitte and W. S. Bohn ---------------------------------------------------------------------- BOOK 1 Chapter 1 All Gaul is divided into three parts, one of which the Belgae inhabit, the Aquitani another, those who in their own language are called Celts, in our Gauls, the third. All these differ from each other in language, customs and laws. The river Garonne separates the Gauls from the Aquitani; the Marne and the Seine separate them from the Belgae. Of all these, the Belgae are the bravest, because they are furthest from the civilization and refinement of [our] Province, and merchants least frequently resort to them, and import those things which tend to effeminate the mind; and they are the nearest to the Germans, who dwell beyond the Rhine, with whom they are continually waging war; for which reason the Helvetii also surpass the rest of the Gauls in valor, as they contend with the Germans in almost daily battles, when they either repel them from their own territories, or themselves wage war on their frontiers. One part of these, which it has been said that the Gauls occupy, takes its beginning at the river Rhone; it is bounded by the river Garonne, the ocean, and the territories of the Belgae; it borders, too, on the side of the Sequani and the Helvetii...
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...eBook or online at www.gutenberg.net Title: On the Duty of Civil Disobedience Author: Henry David Thoreau Release Date: 12 June 2004 [EBook #71] [Last updated: May 3, 2011] Language: English Character set encoding: ASCII *** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK, ON THE DUTY OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE *** Typed by Sameer Parekh (zane@ddsw1.MCS.COM) On the Duty of Civil Disobedience by Henry David Thoreau [1849, original title: Resistance to Civil Goverment] I heartily accept the motto, "That government is best which governs least"; and I should like to see it acted up to more rapidly and systematically. Carried out, it finally amounts to this, which also I believe—"That government is best which governs not at all"; and when men are prepared for it, that will be the kind of government which they will have. Government is at best but an expedient; but most governments are usually, and all governments are sometimes, inexpedient. The objections which have been brought against a standing army, and they are many and weighty, and deserve to prevail, may also at last be brought against a standing government. The standing army is only an arm of the standing government. The government itself, which is only the mode which the people have chosen to execute their will, is equally liable to be abused and perverted before the people can act through it. Witness the present Mexican war, the work of comparatively a few individuals using the standing government as their tool; for...
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...Gladiator Julius Mitchell ENG 225 Prof. Jonathan Beller 13 March 2011 What would you do if you were engaged in a twelve year campaign; you have a wife and son who are waiting for you, but you are asked to be king and leader of your country? Would you refuse your king, and turn your back on your country, for the sake of two? Ridley Scott, director of Universal Pictures “Gladiator,” brought to life, writer David Franzoni’s epic tale of Maximus, an inspiring and powerful Roman General. After twelve years of fighting, Maximus longs for nothing more than the warm embrace of his family. Unfortunately, the king, Marcus Aurelius asked that he should be crowned king of Rome instead of his corrupt son Commodus. Maximus is caught in a power struggle, which leave him and his family condemned to death. This critical analysis of the motion picture “Gladiator,” will analyze the key elements of film, which embody the storytelling, acting, cinematography, editing, sound, style and directing, societal impact, genre, film criticism and analysis. The story of Maximus, once the most powerful, and respected, general, in Rome, reduced to a slave who fights for an opportunity to exact his vengeance for the brutal death of his family is written with three basic elements. It has character, desire, and conflict. The narrative structure of the film is organized in six stages. These stages are developed by the turning points in the plot. The stages are the initial setup, new...
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