mostly used in the eleventh and sixteenth centuries BC to describe Christian campaigns against Muslim brethren (Oludyke, 2012). Initially, these campaigns were meant as avenues for Christians to affirm their devotion to their faith and to win the hearts of non-believers. The first of such public rally was demonstrated by Pope Urban II of 1095. This was a botched mission meant to restore access to the holy lands around Jerusalem by Christians (Oakland, 2007). This war lasted 200 years in favor of the non-believers
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between Muslims and Christians in the East after the Christians capture Jerusalem. After the capture of Jerusalem, the east was basically a hot zone wherever Muslim and Christian armies were set up. Although there were multiple crusades after the capture of Jerusalem, crusaders from past crusades stayed back in the crusader states for many reasons. Some did not have anything back in the west to go back to. Others wanted to start a new life in the crusade states or even spread the Christian word wherever
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Apologetics A couple of months ago, being pretty ignorant, I had to ask myself, “what exactly is Apologetics.” After a little research and a few lectures from my Professors, I learned that “it is the defense of Christian faith, usually on intellectual issues.” (Horton 640). There are many arguments that can be used in order to defend the faith, however, I will focus on four arguments, ontological, Natural Theology, accuracy of scriptures, and personal miracles. First is the ontological argument
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religion and culture. Tillich begins by contrasting “kerygmatic” theology with “apologetic” theology. Kerygmatic theology “emphasizes the unchangeable truth of the message (kerygma) over against the changing demands of the situation.” The relation between the two, he suggests, is like the correlation between “questioning” and “answering” in a conversation. Although Tillich maintains that the statements of apologetic theology must be based on the kerygma, his real concern is using what he terms “the
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Quadrilateral’ devised by Albert Outler in the 1960’s, with its fourfold reference, is a good deal more refined and ‘preserves the primacy of Scripture, profits from the wisdom of tradition, accepts the disciplines of critical reason and its stress on the Christian experience of grace, and gives it a pragmatic experience.’ These four sources lead a believer to be a worshiper and to serve God with maturity. (After all, worship is the ultimate goal of God’s Mission.) Primarily, Scripture serves as the primary
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Comparison of the Christian Identity Movement and Sovereign Citizens Douglas McPherson The Christian Identity Movement is a group that has several very strong white supremacist beliefs. First is the belief that whites are God’s chosen people and are direct descendants of on the ten lost tribes of Israel. Based on this belief, members have shown an intense hatred for Jews, blacks and other minorities. Believers of the Christian Identity Movement’s teachings believe that Jews have achieved virtually
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competent workers in the mission field, the seminary board proposed to adapt and implement the program of Theological Education by Extension. (TEE) This educational model confers Bachelor of Ministry degree and Diploma in Mission. It is open to all Christians committed to serve God and desire to discover, improve and develop their leadership capabilities and potentials to make their services more effective and meaningful in the ministry of the church. Furthermore, this degree grants qualification and
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Because the author has focused heavily upon the developing theology and creedal development of Christian identity, and drawn extensively on Christian Fathers and congenial classical authors and philosophers, there is an element of timelessness to the text. Chadwick begins with a survey of first century Christian relations with brother
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Week 2 Reflection Case study 1.1 The Bible and Tradition A major issue in Christian Theology is in the way which the Bible was interpreted. There was controversy over two interpretations of Arianism and Pelegianism. Condemned as heretical, their opponents argued that they did not interpret in an orthodox manner. But who decides what is orthodox? An appeal to tradition was of importance in challenging unorthodox interpretations of the Scripture. Tradition refers to the way the gospels
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Biblical theology is a Christian approach in which the theologian studies the Bible from the perspective of understanding the progressive history of God revealing Himself to humanity and following the fall and throughout the Old Testament and New Testament. Biblical theology is an attempt to articulate the theology that the Bible contains as its writers addressed their particular settings. It particularly focuses on the epochs of the Old Testament in order to understand how each part of it ultimately
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