learning • Rationalism Two major schools of thought (at the time) • Inductive ◦ Roger Bacon • Deductive ◦ Rene Descartes 3 Age of Reason WH 2 Unit II Kinds of philosophies • Dualism ◦ Mind and Body are different ◦ Binary oppositions- Two fundamental principals for everything ▪ Not monism • Pantheism ◦ Promoted by Spinoza ▪ 'Deus sive Natura' (God or Nature) We are part of Nature as a whole whose order we follow... A substance cannot be produced from
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Problématiques clé | Thèses/auteurs | Concepts clé | Indubitabilité du savoir et suspension du jugement : peut-on douter de tout ? | « Descartes va élever au max le niveau de certitude requis en matière de connaissance scientifique. » (Descartes ; slide 4, 14.11.2014) | Tropes (scepticisme), raison de douter (Descartes) | | Montaigne | | | Spinoza | | Union du corps et de l’âme : comment comprendre la relation de l’âme et du corps ? | « Si j’étais suspendu dans les airs les yeux bandés
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mind * Dualism: Mind and body distinctly exist -Plato, Descartes * Substance dualism: the mind is an independently existing substance * Property dualism: the mind is a group of independent properties that emerge from and cannot be reduced to the brain, but that it is not a distinct substance * Monism: mind and body are not ontologically distinct kinds of entities, i.e. independent substances. -Parmenides, Spinoza * Physicalist: only entities postulated by physical theory
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initial history can be traced back to the era of the early Greeks. All throughout the 17th century, Rena Descartes, a French philosopher, introduced the first idea of dualism, which is the explanation that the mind and body are separate parts that work together to create the human experience. “Many other issues still debated by psychologists today, such as relative contributions of nature vs. nurture are rooted in these early philosophical traditions” (Citizendium, 2010). Psychology has been often
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Metaphysics DALILE, Boushra Rationalism vs. Empiricism: A Deficient Distinction Epistemology is the branch of philosophy concerned with the nature and scope of knowledge. It explores how knowledge can be acquired and considers its limits and validity. Rationalism and empiricism are distinct epistemological schools of thought. Among others, they differ significantly regarding the source of concepts and ideas. Prominent rationalists, including Descartes, Spinoza and Leibniz, argue that one must rely
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Kant VS Hume David Hume works from world to mind, Immanuel Kant from mind to world. Hume, how we experience the world is conditioned by the world. Kant, how we experience the world is conditioned by the mind. Most contemporary philosophers believe that Hume refuted the views of the rationalists before him (Descartes, Hobbes Spinoza, and Leibniz), who all held that there is an element of genuine a priori reasoning in causal inference. According to Hume, however, causal relations are not logically
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MONEERAH INTEGRATED SCHOOL Merila, Ubaldo Laya, Iligan City S.Y. 2013- 2014 A Requirement in Mathematics IV: Calculus Controversy: Leibniz vs. Newton by Noronsalih Ali, Jra Submitted to Ms. Moneerah A. Bint- Usman Dedication I would like to dedicate this research to my adviser, teacher Monie. And to all of the people who inspired me, especially my parents for their support and to God for giving me enough knowledge to make this study successful. Acknowledgement Abstract
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hight, Marc A., 1969– Idea and ontology : an essay in early modern metaphysics of ideas / Marc A. Hight. p. cm. Summary: ‘‘Provides an interpretation of the development of the ontology of ideas from Descartes to Hume that reaffirms the vital role metaphysical concerns played in early modern thinking’’—Provided by publisher. Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 978–0-271–03383–9 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. Ontology. 2. Idea (Philosophy). 3. Metaphysics
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32 Russell, Science et religion : le nombrilisme métaphysique de l’homme « Pourquoi, de toute façon, cette glorification de l’Homme ? Que dire des lions et des tigres ? » [...] seule une suffisance insondable peut voir dans l'homme un mobile que l'Omniscience jugerait digne du créateur." « . Si je recevais la toute-puissance, avec des millions d’années pour expérimenter, je ne penserais pas à me vanter de l’Homme comme résultat de mes efforts. « <-> LUCRECE 72 « Et quand j'ignorerais la
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P LA T O and a P LAT Y P U S WA L K I N TO A B A R . . . Understanding Philosophy Through Jokes < T H O M A S C AT H C A RT & D A N I E L K L E I N * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
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