Ambiguous Language: Language consisting of words of phrases that have more than one commonly accepted definition.
Example: Radio likes to talk to himself and during the movie it seems that he doesn’t know what all words mean so he thinks they have different meanings.
“But” Statement: A statement in which the second half cancels the meaning of the first half.
Example: Radio wants to go to an away game with the football team but the administrator at the school says no. Coach explains to Radio that he isn’t allowed to go and coach tells him “I’d like to take you to this game but, the administration staff won’t allow you to ride on the bus with the team.”
Emotive Language: Language that conveys the sender’s attitude rather than simply offering an objective description.
Example: When the players’ fathers meet up at the barbers and talk about Coach, Coach walks in and seems so surprised that everyone is meeting to talk about Coach and what he is doing for Radio.
Euphemism: A pleasant term submitted for a blunt one in order to soften the impact of unpleasant information.
Example: When the quarterback’s father is talking to Coach he should have added a euphemism when talking so the impact wouldn’t be so bad and Coach might not have gotten as angry.
Chapter 6
Chronemics: The study of how people use and structure time.
Example: Radio is a movie about football and time and the way you use and value your time in football is very important.
Disfluencies: Nonlinguistic verbalizations
Example: Radio is mentally handicapped and he often uses filler words such as um, er, ah, etc.
Emblems: Deliberate nonverbal behaviors with precise meanings, known to virtually all members of a cultural group.
Example: During the movie at the football games, Coach sometimes will do motions with his hands of fingers and this is a certain play that he wants the team to do. These cues are known to him and his football team.
Intimate Distance: Ranging from skin contact to 18 inches
Example: During the movie, because Radio is mentally handicapped, he doesn’t understand the meaning of distance and the proper use of it so sometimes you’ll notice he gets too close to people and in the beginning it makes them uncomfortable.
Nonverbal Communication: Messages expressed by other than linguistic means.
Example: Radio often uses his hands while talking. When he is mad or upset he shows it by throwing his hands around.
Paralanguage: Nonlinguistic means of vocal expression, for example, rate, pitch, and tone.
Example: During the football games, it was easy to notice if Coach was upset or not by the tone and pitch of his voice. Chapter 7
Attending: A phase of the listening process in which the communicator focuses on a message, excluding other messages.
Example: During football games, the players have to block out everything and just listen to the coach or the quarterback. They attend the message so that one person is all they hear and they block out all background noise.
Closed Questions: Questions that limit the range of possible responses, such as questions that seek yes or no answers.
Example: When Coach first met Radio, he realized that Radio was shy and at first just asked him closed questions so that they would get somewhere and Coach would be able to get to know Radio.
Defensive listening: A response style in which the receiver perceives a speaker’s comments as an attack.
Example: When Radio first met the football team after they attacked him, Radio always used defensive listening because he was scared they were attacking him again.
Emphasizing: A listening response that conveys identification with a speaker’s perceptions and emotions.
Example: When Radio’s mother passed away, Coach and his family emphasized with Radio during the tough time that he was experiencing.
Filling in the gaps: A listening habit that involves adding details never mentioned by a speaker to complete a message.
Example: The players tied Radio up and put him in the building because he stole the football that went over the fence. They took advantage of him because he is mentally handicapped.

Chapter 8
Communication Apprehension: Feelings of anxiety that plague some people at the prospect of communicating in an unfamiliar or difficult context:
Example: When Radio first met the football team after the tied and locked him up in the building, he was uneasy because he didn’t appreciate the way they were talking about him until he understood the context.
Debilitative Emotions: Emotions of high intensity and long duration that prevent a person from functioning effectively.
Example: When Radio’s mother passed away he went through and destroyed the house because he was so upset because she is all he really had.
Emotional Contagion: The process by which emotions are transferred from one person to another.
Example: When Radio’s mother passed away, coach and his family felt for Radio because he was part of their family.
Fallacy of Approval: The irrational belief that it is vital to win the approval of virtually every person with whom a communicator interacts.
Example: Radio didn’t feel comfortable with the football team until he got to know them and after they apologized for what they did to him.
Rumination: Recurrent thoughts not demanded by the immediate environment.
Example: Radio is always thinking of radios. It doesn’t matter where he is it is always on his mind!
Self – talk: The non-vocal, internal monologue that is our process of thinking.
Example: Radio always has something on his mind. It always takes him a minute to respond when you’re talking to him and asking questions.