...Business-to-business B2C & B2B A B2C site is defined as a consumer shopping on the Web, often called business-to-consumer (or B2C). B2C ordinarily refer to on-line trading and auctions, for example, on-line stock trading markets, on-line auction for computers and other goods. B2C e-commerce refers to the emerging commerce model where businesses /companies and consumers interact electronically or digitally in some way. One of the best examples of B2C e-commerce is Amazon.com, an online bookstore that launched its site in 1995. In a B2C e-commerce the focus is more about enticing prospects and converting them into customers, retaining them and share value created during the process. The ultimate goal is the conversion of shoppers into buyers as aggressively and consistently as possible. In a typical B2C flow of information between business and consumer typically is through the medium of Internet. This flow includes product orders/service requests from customers, product information, specifications, providing of services by Business etc. In addition, it may also include, flow of tangibles (e.g. goods ordered from customer, documents transfers between business and customer etc.) Giving credit to the author retrieved from http://projects.bus.lsu.edu/independent_study/vdhing1/b2c/ A B2B site is defined as transactions conducted between businesses on the web. In simple words B2B commerce can be defined as "doing business electronically" or business that is conducted...
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...Session 01 Introduction to Business Marketing Girish Ketkar B2B Marketing @ BIMM 2012-14 Semester 1 Session 01 Agenda B2B perspective Differences between consumer and business marketing Types of customers Girish Ketkar B2B Marketing @ BIMM 2012-14 Semester 1 Session 01 1 Reading Business Marketing Management: B2B (Hutt, Speh) – Chapter 1: A Business Marketing Perspective Industrial Marketing (Krishna K Havaldar) – Chapter 1: The Nature of Industrial Marketing – Chapter 2: Understanding Industrial Markets and Environment Girish Ketkar B2B Marketing @ BIMM 2012-14 Semester 1 Session 01 B2B Perspective Girish Ketkar B2B Marketing @ BIMM 2012-14 Semester 1 Session 01 2 B2B Marketing Industrial Marketing Business Marketing Organizational Marketing Girish Ketkar B2B Marketing @ BIMM 2012-14 Semester 1 Session 01 Business Markets Markets for products and services – Bought by • Businesses, Government Bodies and Institutions – For • Incorporation – Raw materials, ingredients, sub-assemblies… • Consumption – Stationery, housekeeping services, security services, fuel… • Use – Machinery, forklift trucks, computers, air-conditioners, furniture, cars… • Resale Girish Ketkar B2B Marketing @ BIMM 2012-14 Semester 1 Session 01 3 Business Marketing (B2B Marketing) Many definitions… – Marketing activities of an organization which has exchange relationships...
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...The coined term B2C or business to consumer describes a form of business where a company sells products to consumers. An example of a B2C in tangible terms would be walking into Wal-Mart and buying something. An example of a B2C eCommerce would be going to Wal-Mart’s website and making a purchase. B2C eCommerce can be any business selling a product, service or information to consumers online. B2C in eCommerce is basically electronic retailing or shopping electronically. B2C’s can be anything from vacations, cruises, airline tickets, games, books, clothes etc. The coined term B2B or business to business describes a form of business when one company buys from or sells to another. An example of a B2B in tangible terms would be a copy machine salesman going door to door to business’s trying to sell copy machines to offices. An example of a B2B eCommerce site would be a copy machine website serving the copy machine needs of offices all over the world. B2B eCommerce is more than just buying or selling however, many B2B sites now outsource their supply chain as well. B2B’s include processes that either enable or improve relationships between individual firms or multiple companies. B2B’s can include design, engineering, supply, delivery, accounts payable, accounts receivable, product search, electronic payments and managing logistics. There are many differences in B2B and B2C sites, in which I will try to outline and define through the course of this paper...
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...B2B Marketing Plan of FedEx 1.0 Introduction According to Hutt and Speh (2004), Contemporary businesses operate in an environment that gets fiercely competitive by the day. To deal with this intensity of rivalry the typology of business networks has experienced extensive changes. One of the marked changes that businesses are undertaking is a change in marketing techniques. In an era where switching costs are low making customer loyalty to be shaky, old marketing strategies are no longer efficient. To attain a competitive edge and to attain sustainability, companies are being forced into the aspect of not only concentrating on current customers but actively looking for prospective customers. These changes in organizational buying and selling behaviour can be explained by the concept of B2B marketing. The goal of this paper therefore is to write an managerial report on B2B communication at FedEx. To achieve this goal it is imperative by understanding the fundamentals of B2B marketing. The second section will be a brief overview of the company in question, FedEx. This will be followed by the crux of the report an exploration of B2B marketing at FedEx. The paper will then be concluded by a summary of the major points covered. 2.0 Fundamentals of B2B Marketing Business to business branding hereinafter referred to simply as B2B is a marketing terminology that is used to describe a multi layered commercial strategy between businesses. Biemans (2010) explains that B2B...
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...12 Teaching Objectives Define B2B commerce and explain its scope and history. • Explain the procurement process, the supply chain, and collaborative commerce. • Identify the main types of B2B commerce: Net marketplaces and private industrial networks. • Explain the four types of Net marketplaces. • Identify the major trends in the development of Net marketplaces. • Identify the role of private industrial networks in transforming the supply chain. • Explain the role of private industrial networks in supporting collaborative commerce. Key Terms total inter-firm trade, p. 770 B2B commerce, p. 770 Internet-based B2B commerce (B2B e-commerce), p. 771 automated order entry systems, p. 771 seller-side solutions, p. 771 electronic data interchange (EDI), p. 772 buyer-side solutions, p. 772 hub-and-spoke system, p. 772 vertical market, p. 772 horizontal markets, p. 772 B2B electronic storefronts, p. 772 Net marketplace, p. 772 private industrial networks, p. 773 procurement process, p. 775 supply chain, p. 775 direct goods, p. 776 indirect goods, p. 776 MRO goods, p. 776 contract purchasing, p. 776 spot purchasing, p. 776 multi-tier supply chain, p. 777 legacy computer systems, p. 778 materials requirement planning (MRP) system, p. 778 enterprise resource planning (ERP) system, p. 778 supply chain management (SCM), p. 779 tight coupling, p. 779 supply chain management (SCM) systems, p. 782 collaborative commerce...
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...the traditional manufacturing business and the modern type of firm, come to known as business to business manufactures. The objective is to find differences using historical literature and data obtained from IMSS IV. In our search to find distinction between business to business (b2b) and business to consumer (b2c) we have use SPSS to statistical test the data we found. One of the main goals of this article is to give the reader some clear opinions about the development of a modern manufacture. Keywords: B2B, B2C, IMSS, Supply Chain and Customization. Background: Traditionally in Rogaland, the industry has manufactured products for end users. This implies that the manufacturers themselves have produced their entire product from scratch. High employee cost and government taxes have forced the companies to change. Today the manufacturers have changed to produce parts and components manly for the oil industry. This has led to longer supply chains and more use of outsourcing. In operations management there is many ways to control the manufacturing process. The change from producing products for end users to produces parts and components for other businesses have impacted the use of operations management. For instance, it has changed their strategy, marketing approach, supply chain and production concept. We plan to use literature found in textbooks like Operations Management (James R. Evans, 2007), Essential Guide to Operations Management (David Bamford, 2010), (The International...
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...Giant B2B Portal Supply Chain Management Habiel. Zakariah, Faculty of Computer and Mathematical Science, UiTM Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia habiel86@yahoo.com.my GCH Retail (M) Sdn. Bhd is Malaysia's leading retailer. The group offers customers value-for-money through low-cost, efficient distribution of high quality foods and consumer goods in its supermarkets, superstores and hypermarkets. It also provides health and beauty products via its pharmaceutical retail outlets. In Malaysia, Giant is synonymous with everyday low prices, big variety and great value and recognized for offering the most vibrant, comfortable and complete shopping environment. With over than 150 outlets all over Malaysia including Brunei, the needs of systematic system is essential in order to make sure daily business transaction going smooth without interruption. This paper will focus on the Supply Chain Management (SCM) as this is one of main parts in the retail business. From APICS Dictionary it defines SCM as the "design, planning, execution, control, and monitoring of supply chain activities with the objective of creating net value, building a competitive infrastructure, leveraging worldwide logistics, synchronizing supply with demand and measuring performance globally”. Previously in the daily business process, all the outlets in Giant used fax as a medium to communicate with the suppliers. At this time request orders is send via fax machine when outlet wants to do the ordering. Here...
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...eCollaboration: Overcoming Boundaries through Multi-Channel Interaction June 15 - 18, 2008; Bled, Slovenia Value Creation in B2B E-Markets of China: A Practical Perspective Jing Zhao a, , Shan Wang b and Wilfred V Huang c a Center for International Cooperation in E-Business, College of Management China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, P.R.China zhao5563@gmail.com b Department of Management Science, School of Business, Renmin University, 59 Zhong Guan Cun Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100872, P.R. China wangs7@gmail.com c College of Business, Alfred University, Alfred, NY 14802, U.S.A. fhuang@alfred.edu Abstract In China, the development of e-market has unique characteristics in the transactional processes and market mechanisms, which relate largely to the current industry structure, financial infrastructure and organization structure. This paper seeks to develop a conceptual model of B2B e-market value creation strategy, and can also be used to highlight the complexity of such activities for Chinese B2B e-markets. A process-oriented approach to modelling the value of e-market, rather than strategic position theory or a simple descriptive approach, is found to be more suitable and has been selected. The model consists of two dimensions: the e-commerce process and the controlling complexity. We apply the model in an actual Chinese B2B e-market (Alibaba.com). The crucial value creation activities and strategies in the four phases of e-commerce process are...
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...B2B vs. B2C For more than a decade usage of the Internet has increased exponentially changing the way companies interact with their customers. According to Ralph Oliva (2007, p.1), “Forecasters expect domestic B2B purchases will continue to total trillions of dollars annually.” He goes on to say that in 2004, “domestic B2B online sales totaled $2.7 trillion” while online retail sales in 2004 reached $184 billion. This increase has opened up new opportunities and challenges for marketing to these customers electronically. Because business customers and individual customers react differently to marketing, strategies and tactics used to reach one segment may differ from those used to reach the other. This paper will first look at how the business customer and retail customer are different, then delve into the differences between B2B and B2C marketing. Relationship Differences One important aspect of marketing is to build good relationships with customers. “In B2B or business to business this requires a commitment of time and good customer service prior to ever making that first sale.” (Warholic, 2007, p.1). One of the differentiating factors between B2B and B2C sales is the B2B sales process takes longer because business customers require more communication and product details. Business customers are not apt to purchase during the first contact with a vendor. Usually the sale, especially the first one, takes multiple contacts creating a bonding relationship. Business...
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...Relationship Management and Key Account Management [Name of writer] [Name of institution] Table of Contents Introduction 1 Customer Relationship Management 1 Customer Relationship Management in Business to Business 1 Customer Relationship Management in Business to Customer 2 Issues related to CRM in B2B and B2C 2 Customer Privacy 3 Technical Immaturity 4 Ownership and Accountability 4 Importance of Customer Loyalty 5 Conclusion 5 References 7 Customer Relationship Management and Key Account Management Introduction This paper intends to focus on the importance and need of customer relationship management for business organizations. The paper will focus the role of customer relationship management in business to business marketplace. In addition to this, the paper will incorporate the role of customer relationship management in business to customer marketplace. The paper will further illustrate the issues which are associated with customer relationship management in business to business marketplace. Issues related to customer relationship management in business to customer marketplace will also be included in the paper. Positive and negative impacts of relations on business dealings will also be discussed in the paper. All of these discussions will help in understanding proper role of customer relationship management in the both B2C and B2B marketplace. Customer Relationship Management CRM i.e. Customer Relationship Management is referred...
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...Business-to-business (B2B) markets products or services to commercial businesses, government bodies and institutions for various purposes including for resale, commercial use or for incorporation in their products or services (Hutt & Speh, 2010). Business-to-consumer (B2C) markets products or services to individual buyers for their own personal consumption (Hutt & Speh, 2010). Although both are selling products and services, there are differences that distinguishes these two types of market from each other, especially when it comes to formulating strategies and marketing activities. Therefore, I agree with the statement. In general B2B is relationship-driven whereas B2C is product-driven. B2B focuses on relationship marketing efforts by retaining loyalty and meeting the needs of buyers while B2C focuses on developing products that fit into specific target markets rather than based on buyer needs. One of the difference is the market structure of both markets. B2B market is niche size. There are relatively few buyers however those buyers are large buyers. B2C market is large in size but consists of small buyers. Also, B2C market is pure competition whereby there are many sellers and buyers in the market. Due to the target market being a mass market, a single buyer or seller does not have much effect on the market. However, the niche size B2B market is oligopolistic competition with very few sellers, hence they are sensitive to each other’s pricing and marketing strategies...
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...Being known or being one of many: the need for brand management for business-to-business (B2B) companies Philip Kotler Marketing Department, Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA, and Waldemar Pfoertsch Pforzheim University, Pforzheim, Germany and China Europe International Business School, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China Abstract Purpose – This analysis aims to examine the need of business-to-business companies for branding and analyzes the options for success by means of the stock performance. Design/methodology/approach – The paper consists of a qualitative and quantitative pilot study and a quantitative main survey. Findings – Long-term branding strategies, brand performance and firm’s business performance are found to be positively correlated with stock increase. Current brand focus and use of guiding principles can lead to improved business performance. Research limitations/implications – The study has possible location- and industry-specific limitations. Practical implications – Managerially, the findings encourage firms to adopt a long-term branding strategy, focusing not only on brand development. Originality/value – By systematically examining relationships between branding strategy and performance of the global firms, this study adds knowledge to the field of B2B brand research. Keywords Business-to-business marketing, Brand management, Marketing strategy, International marketing Paper type Conceptual paper An executive...
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...The Challenges of Trust Management Your Name CMGT/430 July 10, 2011 Distributed Trust Management What is distributed trust management? Why do business-to-business (B2B) companies like EBay and PayPal have such profitable success with online transactions? Do people trust business-to-consumer (B2C) methods? Have intra-enterprise applications matured to the level of satisfaction that company executives come to expect? These questions are at the forefront of consumers and business minds alike. This paper will focus on the ideas and cornerstones that inter-organizational companies rely upon; namely, trust. All of these questions boil down to trust and the business models we, as a community, have come to expect. The definition of trust, as it relates to the enterprise, is explained this way: A type of expectation that alleviates the fear that one’s exchange partner will act opportunistically (Aoyama & Ratick, 2007). Ratnasingam & Phan define trust as “A psychological trait found in trading partners who are willing to pursue relationships or interdependencies to achieve a planned goal” (Ratnasingam & Phan, 2003). Trust within the business realm becomes something that is taken for granted if there are no checks and balances between both organizations. One has to be careful not to abuse the trust given to a specific company like Cisco Systems or Amazon. Maintaining a competitive and working relationship is paramount to the...
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...TAMPERE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Tampere School of Business and Technology ONUR TAMUR PRICING WHEN ENTERING A NEW MARKET IN B2B ENVIROMENT: Understanding the B2B Dynamics Seminar Report ii ABSTRACT With the rise of globalization and saturated local markets, many companies started chasing international opportunities that would help them expand to new countries and increase their brand recognition around the globe. One of the challenges that companies face while entering a new market is defining the right price and pricing of their offering to be competitive and successful in the market. In B2B area, there are not any wide research on pricing issues that companies face in the markets that they are planning to enter and the effects of business relations on pricing. This paper focuses on market entry strategies and market entry modes, the fundamentals of pricing in a new market and the differences of B2B and B2C pricing. The study covers market entry modes and its impact on profitability, value creation in B2B area and the key aspects of pricing behaviour while entering a new market. This study in general provides a framework for implementing the right pricing strategy while entering new markets and defining the right pricing behaviour in B2B environment. This framework enables companies to understand the dynamics of B2B environment covering buyer-supplier and distributors relations and providing pricing models for companies to be a competitive player. Tamur, O. iii ...
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...Information Technology is having a tremendous impact on today's workplace in creating new ways of doing business. The expanding capabilities of networks, the extensive use of the Internet, and the radical improvements in personal computers are all contributing to creating a foundation for conducting business electronically, and bringing us into the age of electronic commerce (E-Commerce or EC). The advent of Internet-based business-to-business electronic commerce (B2B-EC) has brought about many benefits to enterprises in developed countries. It offers direct links between trading firms and their customers, which creates a new trading mechanism in a highly effective and efficient manner, thus reducing operating costs and achieving quick response time. As such, enterprises in developing countries have begun to apply B2B-EC to their businesses, in order to achieve these benefits as well. China has been developing dramatically these years, and has joined the WTO in 2001. However, B2B electronic markets are still in their early stages of development. Diverse aspects of consumer economy such as purchasing habits, payment methods and modes of exchange are different from those of the developed countries. These years, many corporate suppliers and customers in China are looking for Internet-based solutions to streamline their procurement procedures and to reduce the cost of establishing trading relationship by conducting trading transactions electronically (Martinsons, 2002). Due to...
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