...BILINGUAL EDUCATION: * A form of education in which information is presented to the students in two (or more) languages. * Technically, any educational system that utilizes more than one language is bilingual. OVERVIEW: The Philippine Bilingual Education Policy (BEP): Consistent with the 1987 constitutional mandate and a declared policy of the National Board of Education (NBE) on bilingualism in the schools (NBE Resolution No. 73-7, s.1973) the Department of Education, Culture and Sports (DECS) promulgated its language policy. The policy was first implemented in 1974 when DECS issued Dept. Order No. 25, s. 1974 titled, "Implementing Guidelines for the Policy on Bilingual Education." Bilingual education in the Philippines is defined operationally as the separate use of Filipino and English as the media of instruction in specific subject areas. As embodied in the DECS Order No. 25, Pilipino (changed to Filipino in 1987) shall be used as medium of instruction in social studies/social sciences, music, arts, physical education, home economics, practical arts and character education. English, on the other hand is allocated to science, mathematics and technology subjects. The same subject allocation is provided in the 1987 Policy on Bilingual Education which is disseminated through Department Order No. 52, s. 1987. The policy on Bilingual Education aims at the achievement of competence in both Filipino and English at the national level, through the teaching...
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...Ashraf Shaikh English 711 Essay Assignment #3 Elizabeth Spencer 22nd April 2015 Bilingual Education or Not? The debate on whether United States should adopt the bilingual academic program whereby children speaking other languages are taught in two languages, in English and in a second, native language (Hayakawa, 1991). There have been studies and researches indicating the benefits of the bilingual academic program, particularly to the students – such as high academic scores, mental flexibility, improved personal identity etc. At the same time, there is evidence showing a number of downsides to the programs – such as double expense to the government, politicized aspects etc. The aim of this paper is to examine different aspects of the argument on the subject of bilingual programs in schools, and whether United States should make English as its official language. It also demonstrates the argumentative ability regarding the controversial issue of bilingual academic program in the United States. Honestly, I feel that the need to make English the official language of the country is preposterous. Only, because it practically is the main language of the country just unofficially. From a general point of view, the definition of bilingualism is whereby a person possesses the ability of easily and naturally speaking in two languages, without experiencing any problem whatsoever. However, from the context of United States of America, bilingualism has a controversial definition (Fallows...
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...“until the last 20 to 30 years there was an effort to devalue the Spanish language and to discourage Hispanics from using it in schools” (p. 242). In the 60s it was not any better, the school boards in Florida and in New York City enforced a “No Spanish” rule and up until 68’ it was illegal to teach in any other language than English in California. The program English as a second language or ELS tend to emphasize bilingual but not bicultural education (Schaefer, 2006) which help with multi-language teaching but did not interfere with their culture. Some Hispanics were strongly against bilingualism, they believe that English-only education, even for very young children is the key to success (S. Freedman 2004; H. Mason 2003). The growth of the Hispanic population has moved Congress toward recognizing the multilingual culture of the United States. The number of the Hispanic population is increasing yearly which will influence the government’s decisions on this topic, it is a federal law that bilingual ballots be provided where necessary. There is many reasons that immigrates come to the United States but one of the main reasons is education, most come here to give their children a chance at a better education that they would not have been available in their country of origin. The education system might not be perfect but it is recognized as one of the leading ones in the world. (Destination Casa Blanca, 2009). ...
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...Bilingual Education By C. Mori When I started my investigation about bilingual education I never thought the debate about it would be as controversial and passionate as it is. But considering the numbers of English Language Learners (ELLs) in the U.S. public school, approximately 5.5 million, which represent about 11% of total number of students, and the percentage of drop outs, about 30% of ELLs, it is understandable that public opinion puts some pressure on the U.S. public school system to adopt the most efficient and adequate system for this growing minority group. The number of ELLs abandoning school has remained high for a long period of time generating serious doubts about the functionality and effectiveness of bilingual education and other programs. Two have been the main reasons attributed for this desertion from classes: the low socioeconomic level of ELLs and language differences. In this context, dual language, one modality of bilingual education, is showing to be able to make students excel in their academic performance and revert negative statistics Currently, in the United States there are two major approaches about how to teach English to those children whose primary language is different from English. The first approach is by immersing them in English only classes. This program was first implemented in California with proposition 227 in 1998 and continued to other states like Arizona and Massachusetts where bilingual education was...
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...and education is the biggest way to accomplish one's dreams, but when someone moves to the U.S. from another country, not being fluent in English can be a huge barrier to being able to accomplish what one wants, and being successful in the educational system. Therefore, the people who control the education system have set specific standards in order to teach students who are learning the English language. The set standard for students who don't speak English is supposed to help them to learn English and keep up with the subjects that the other students who speak English are learning and are being tested on. The idea of that is great and should promote both content retention, and the development of the English...
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...Bilingual Education in the United States Christian Sotomayor ITT-Technical Institute GE217 02-24-12 Abstract Controversy over bilingual education has been around for much longer than people may think, But only in the past few decades as the migrant population has increased the issues is once again back in the table to be discussed over. Some Americans fear that their sense of identity could be lost if bilingual education is taught at schools and on the other hand other people is conscious that the so called “American Identity” is nothing but a mixture of different cultures and by teaching students to become proficient in two languages it is going to make them more competitive for the job market. In a few words, we can make things better for students by encouraging them to keep their native tongue and become proficient in the English language. Bilingual Education in the United States Many people do not realize that this great country was founded by immigrants from all over the world. The so called “American identity” was not formed by just one group of people but a great variety of cultures what we also call a “melting pot”. Bilingual education has been a very controversial issue and as more people migrates from all parts of the world this issue will become more and more important and will have to be taken care of by our government. The controversy over bilingual education, whether it should be encouraged in an American school system or not, has been a topic of...
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...MANUEL L. QUEZON UNIVERSITY Manila, Philippines SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN PSYCHOLOGY (Ph.D) First Semester 2013-2014 SEMINAR IN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIAL ISSUES (SPSI) A REPORT ON “THE NAGGING LANGUAGE ISSUE” (BILINGUAL APPROACH IN EDUCATION) Submitted by: ARVELLA M. ALBAY Ph.D Psych Student Submitted to: DR. MARY ANN VILLENA Professor June 29, 2013 MANUEL L. QUEZON UNIVERSITY Manila, Philippines School of Graduate Studies Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology (Ph.D) First Semester 2013-2014 SEMINAR IN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIAL ISSUES (SPSI) Topic : THE NAGGING LANGUAGE ISSUE (Bilingual Approach in Education) Reporter : ARVELLA MEDINA-ALBAY, Ph.D Psych Professor : DR. MARY ANN VILLENA INTRODUCTION BILINGUAL EDUCATION involves teaching academic content in two languages, in a native and secondary language with varying amounts of each language used in accordance with the program model. ➢ “Bilingual Education Policy (BEP) in the Philippines is defined operationally as the separate use of Filipino and English as the media of instruction in specific subject areas.” As embodied in the DECS Order, Filipino shall be used as medium of instruction in social studies/social sciences, music, arts, physical education, home economics, practical arts and character education. English, on the other hand is allocated to science, mathematics, and technology subjects. ➢ From the above description, it is quite evident that there is confusion for...
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...The Philippine Bilingual Education Policy (BEP) Consistent with the 1987 constitutional mandate and a declared policy of the National Board of Education (NBE) on bilingualism in the schools (NBE Resolution No. 73-7, s.1973) the Department of Education, Culture and Sports (DECS) promulgated its language policy. The policy was first implemented in 1974 when DECS issued Dept. Order No. 25, s. 1974 titled, "Implementing Guidelines for the Policy on Bilingual Education." Bilingual education in the Philippines is defined operationally as the separate use of Filipino and English as the media of instruction in specific subject areas. As embodied in the DECS Order No. 25, Pilipino (changed to Filipino in 1987) shall be used as medium of instruction in social studies/social sciences, music, arts, physical education, home economics, practical arts and character education. English, on the other hand is allocated to science, mathematics and technology subjects. The same subject allocation is provided in the 1987 Policy on Bilingual Education which is disseminated through Department Order No. 52, s. 1987. The policy on Bilingual Education aims at the achievement of competence in both Filipino and English at the national level, through the teaching of both languages and their use as media of instruction at all levels. The regional languages shall be used as auxiliary languages in Grades I and II. The aspiration of the Filipino nation is to have its citizens possess...
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...Leader 1 Mary Leader (Vesey) Professor: Michael Bell ENGLISH 701 9 September 2015 Essay Paper 1 Thesis Title Using these two articles, the Kenyan Malik articles, “Let Them Die, and Emilo Gutierrez, “My Bilingualism,” I will be supporting both articles, with statements about children being left at school because they are bilingual, and why languages should not die. Why we should preserve the languages dying, and the benefits in learning two languages. In Kenyan Malik’s article, he says, “There are 6000 languages in the world today, and that by the year 3000, there will be 600. He says languages die because people die. Malik, also states, that each nation speaks in the manner it thinks. For instance, if we live in France, the common language is French. If we lived in China the common language spoken, is Chinese, if we lived in Japan, the common language spoken is Japanese. And in my theory, opinion, if we do no preserve the language, there will be less for bilingual teachers and bilingual schools. Here is a false dilemma, fallacies Malik uses. Malik, says, “A language spoken by one person, or a few hundred, is not a language at all.” It is a private conceit, like a child’s secret code. This author is basis. The whole point of a language is to enable communication. Languages, can be saved, through books, and the internet. In Maliks article, he quotes, from Enoch Powell and he says, “Languages...
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...2005/ED/EFA/MRT/PI/9 Background paper prepared for the Education for All Global Monitoring Report 2005 The Quality Imperative The importance of mother tongue-based schooling for educational quality Carole Benson 2004 This paper was commissioned by the Education for All Global Monitoring Report as background information to assist in drafting the 2005 report. It has not been edited by the team. The views and opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and should not be attributed to the EFA Global Monitoring Report or to UNESCO. The papers can be cited with the following reference: “Paper commissioned for the EFA Global Monitoring Report 2005, The Quality Imperative”. For further information, please contact efareport@unesco.org The importance of mother tongue-based schooling for educational quality Commissioned study for EFA Global Monitoring Report 2005 Carol Benson, Ph.D. Centre for Research on Bilingualism Stockholm University 14 April 2004 Part A: Overview While there are many factors involved in delivering quality basic education, language is clearly the key to communication and understanding in the classroom. Many developing countries are characterized by individual as well as societal multilingualism, yet continue to allow a single foreign language to dominate the education sector. Instruction through a language that learners do not speak has been called “submersion” (Skutnabb-Kangas 2000) because it is analogous to...
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...In this paper I will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of teaching the students in their primary language, should ELL instructions replace native language, should Ell students be identified as children who need special education. The large percentage of the population in our schools today are the English as second Language students (ESL) and the ESL population continues to grow more than the English speaking students.(Pellion 2007) In 2000-2001 the population of English Language Learners (ELL) have grown to one hundred five percent and are limited proficiency in English. (Edweeks 2004).The (ESL) students are one of the lowest ranked in academic achievements. The (ELL) are faced with challenges by not been prominent in English. Since increase of the (ELL) students this has caused to have a shortage in qualified teachers. Some teachers are not prepared to teach these students. (Echevarrea,& Graves 2007). Teaching the ELL students in their native language and English will help them achieve their goals and help them to learn faster. By teaching an ELL student in English and their native language may make them fall into a cycle of language dependency which will inhibit a significant progress in English-language acquisition. (Edweek 2004) Studies show that ELL students lag far behind their English speaking peers. Only seven percent of these students scored at or above proficient in reading, this was on...
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...Paris? I would fully immerse myself in the French language and culture because it would be the fastest way for me to learn the language. An hour or two a day of French would not profit much in me learning because I would rely on the language I am using the most to get me through the day. Were as if I were required to speak and use French only I would be forced to become more familiar with French ultimately using it fluently. This is the point of many state debates about English-only. Many states have educated students from different countries with a bilingual approach for many years. They have been taught in their native language for a majority of their school day and have been learning English as a second language. How can we expect students to learn a language that they are not required to use or understand for the majority of their school day? California is one of a few states that have passed a law to provide education to immigrate students in English only. “Proposition 227 was a California...
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...Ethn: Themes In American Culture Chapter 3: The faces of American Schools -School counsels in low income schools have fewer counselors ( E.g California per 800 students -School Librarians one for every 5,123 students -School psychologists one for every 1,383 students in 2007 -Social workers one for every 18, Three reason s why children do not participant in preschool programs - Fewer programs are located in their neighborhood -Many of parents are concerned that traditional values are not being taught in preschool -Students are not being taught in their primary language in preschool -Other reasons- if they aren't available , affordable and culturally sensitive than they aren't sending their children to preschool. How latinos students are tracked -In first grade, are typically grouped for reading instruction -Boundaries are formed early on by these group - High achieving groups really have behavior problems but rather have engaged students -confirms that the earlier you are assigned to groups in tracked. Inadequate School Funding -All have high latino populations all have low pre student spending in their k-12 schools -How school funding affects student achievement -Peer conditions The digital divide -Latino student shave less access to the internet than do white students -Latino student are more likely to use technology for games and entertainment than for educational purpose. -Latino students are less like to have parents help them navigate a...
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...Bilingual Education in the US For this activity I would like you to examine your own preconceptions of bilingual education. Please answer the following questions: 1) Do you view bilingual education in a positive light or negative light or both (please be honest)? Why do you think you have this view? Bilingual education is positive for student education because it uses the learning tools students already have as the basis for building new skills and acquiring new knowledge. Most children enter school with basic language skills in English or other languages, which are already in place. If teachers are able to use the native language skills of the student, the native language will help students develop the academic competence they need to succeed in education. Children learn more effectively if they learn English through the use of their native language, which provides a contextual basis for learning and allows them to keep pace with their peer group while acquiring the language they will need to learn in order to interact effectively in today's society. There are several other distinct benefits to the use of bilingual education, besides its basic effectiveness. First, it preserves children's sense of pride in the language of their parents, allowing them to move freely in an English-language dominant society while retaining an important link to their cultural and linguistic heritage. It helps protect their sense of identity, which is also strongly linked to the language and...
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...multicultural education in general, but focusing more on the aspect of English only vs. bilingual education in today’s classrooms. This topic has become more and more evident in today’s education system. The topic is pretty self-explanatory, English only vs. bilingual education. Should students in America be taught only in English, regardless of the student’s first language or nationality, or should there be some influence of bilingual education? In the 1990’s, the U.S. English Only started campaigns to promote multiculturalism under one language, English (Arce, 1998) These campaigns also propose the notion that every single aspect of public education in America should be strictly in English. Under this theory, education would be given in English regardless of age, ethnicity, sex, and English competency. Those who support this theory also feel very strongly that English should be the nationally endorsed language of the United States of America (Crawford, 1998). This movement stretches even outside the classroom. The English Only movement proposes to take all other language almost completely out of society. These same supporters, as you can imagine, also strongly associate with anti-immigration theories fearing the costs that may come with an increase in people on unemployment and welfare programs (p. 8). The movement has grabbed momentum, as evidenced in California’s passing of Proposition 227 which is an initiative to eliminate bilingual education from the state’s...
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