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Biology Receptors

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Submitted By jay234
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After months of research and experiments, I have concluded my discovery of space worm touch receptors is definite. Regardless of the type, sensory receptors are influenced by physical actions and various stimulus. My research and experiments show that space worm touch receptors are no different. Stimulus is a change discernible by the body (Sherwood 2004) or in my case, a space worm. Certain receptors like touch receptors respond to stimulus weakly or strongly when involved with a different stimulus (Sherwood 2004). This perfectly related to my experiment because the space worm touch receptors respond differently to various stimulus. All of this discussion about stimulus to touch receptors would not happen without mechanoreceptors. Mechanoreceptors are heavily present in the touch receptor system and are influenced by physical actions like distortions, bending, and probing. Through various actions of stimulation, I was able to see what types of mechanoreceptors the space worm touch receptors contained. Rather than being located in a specialized location, the space worm touch receptors are located throughout the whole space worm. As a consequence, different areas of the spaces worm touch receptors reacted and traduced different electrical signals. This difference of electrical signals ultimately revealed the different mechanoreceptors present in the space worm touch receptors. After discovering space worm touch receptors, I will conduct a specific test to identify the receptive field of the space worm touch receptors. The receptive field of the space worm involves the area of the surface where stimulation creates the firing of an action potential in the touch receptor neuron of the space worm (Sherwood 2004). This test will help me determine the the different types of mechanoreceptors that are connected to the areas of skin on the space worm. These different types of mechanoreceptors include Messiner's corpuscles, Pacinian corpuscles, Merkel disks, and Ruffini's endings. To implement this test I attached a recording electrode throughout different regions of the space worm to determine any electoral current or activity in the space worm cell. With this recording electrode, I used my tiny touch probes to prick the space worm in different areas and vibrations to see if the recording electrode would have any response. When I used these touch probes on the space worm's middle and lower section, I found little to no reaction in the space worm cells from the recording electrode. However, when I attached the recording electrode to the front and higher area of the space worms body, the cells strongly responded very rapidly but then stopped firing. These two results of the recording electrode to the different body areas of the space worm led me to formulate two separate determinations about the space worm touch receptors. The lack of reaction in the lower part and middle area of the space worm's body made me determine that Ruffini's endings or Merkel disks were heavily present in the in this section of the space worm. Ruffini's endings and Merkel disks are both mechanoreceptors that are slowly adapting which means that the touch receptors decline in response to stimulation like the tiny touch probes (Sherwood 2004). As a result, from the lower and middle area of space worm not responding to pricks from the touch probes made me determine this area of the worm contained Ruffini's endings and Messiner's corpuscles. Ruffini's endings and Merkel disks best respond at lower vibrations than other corpuscles (Sherwood 2004) and the results of the experiment make their presence probable. In contrast to the lower and middle section of the space worm, the upper area of the space worm responded very rapidly to the stimulation but then stopped firing. As a result, the recording electrode picked up a very strong electrical current. This result made me determine that the mouth and upper region of the space worm contains Pacinian and Meissner's corpuscles. Pacinian and Meissner's corpuscles detect vibration at high rates (Sherwood 2004), which perfectly matches up with the results of my test on the space worm. In addition, the Pacinian and Messiner's corpuscles often respond rapidly to stimulation but stop firing even as the stimulus continues. (Sherwood 2004) These corpuscles are most likely located in the upper region of the space worm because they are vital for identifying temperature, texture pain, and various other stimulus (Sherwood 2004). In addition, unlike the Ruffini's endings and Merkel disks, the Pacinian corpuses are rapidly adapting corpuscles (Sherwood 2004)which ultimately proves my experiment correct. Another test I conducted to evaluate mechanoreceptors involved my tiny touch probes and the recording electrode in a different method. This test I conducted was to see if the space worm touch receptors contained the presence of hair follicle receptors. While the space worm definitely doesn't have whiskers or visible hair, the mouth region of space worm is where any presence of small hair fibers would be located. These hair fibers could be used to help the space worm navigate passageways and determine information about texture, distance, or shape (Sherwood 2004). To conduct this test I used my tiny touch probes to bend any hair fibers that the space worm might contain in its mouth region. These potential hair follicles would be deeply embedded in the skin of the space worm . In addition, these potential hair follicles would be innervated by nerve endings that are wrapped around them (Sherwood 2004). As a result, my recording electrode responded strongly to this stimulation to the space worms mouth area. This cell response made me determine that hair follicle receptors were present in the space worm touch receptors. This became apparent to me because the hair follicle receptors and the skin tissues surrounding them responded to hair displacement and deformation(Sherwood 2004). The high response from my electrode recorder proved not only the abundance of hair follicles but that these hair follicles were also rapidly adapting. The mechanoreceptors have different receptive fields (Bear 2007), and I conducted a certain experiment to measure the receptive field of the space worm touch receptors. By conducting this experiment, my aim was to determine the area of skin on the space worm that is connected to one sensory neuron and different types of mechanoreceptors. I measured these different receptive fields by testings their ability distinguish two separate areas of stimulation. In my experiment, I used a small bent paper clip in order to prick worm at a simultaneous time. I pricked two separate areas of the space worm at each time to measure where it responds to the recording electrode. Continuing the experiment, I brought the tiny paper clip to touch the space worm in closer proximity to each other, until the space worm could no longer distinguish the two points of stimulation. This ultimately showed the area of skin on the space worm which is linked to one sensory neuron. The receptor fields of the space worm vary across its surface and the experiment was informative because I had two points of stimulation on two receptor fields. Ultimately, I had one receptor field stimulated by two points of stimulation because the space worm touch receptors could no longer distinguish the point of stimulation. This test ultimately determined and found the areas of the space worm where receptive fields that have greater point discrimination. The smaller the receptive fields the space worm had and the more points discrimination contained (Bear 2007). This test heavily involves the receptor endings of afferent neurons and the receptive fields on the space worms skin surface. As a result from my findings, this experiment showed how action potential is measured and triggered by stimulation. In addition, this touch receptor of the space worm transduce a stimulus into an electrical signal which is measured by the electrode recorder. In conclusion, the research and experiments prove that I have undoubtedly discovered space worm touch receptors. Experiments with stimulation of probing, point discrimination, and displacement prove that there are different types of mechanoreceptors present in the space worm touch receptors. In addition, these mechanoreceptors have show defining characteristics and responses that have made their identification clear. Despite these experiments and the results it produced, other tests to organisms like the space worm must be considered to further understand mechanoreceptors and the sensory receptors. After using a recurring electrode for the majority of experiments, other tools must be discovered to continue the study of touch receptors and cells in organisms like the space worm. Also, the electrical signals that results from transduction with touch receptors could be continually influenced to advance the knowledge of sensory modalities for unknown discoveries.

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