...the inauguration of state organised welfare the concepts of ‘need’ and inequality have been at the centre of discussions and debates on social policy. Since the 19th century it has widely been accepted that the state has some responsibility towards attempting to fulfil some of civil society’s needs and the needs of those most at risk. Changing definitions and attitudes surround the concepts of need and inequality; this means any discussion of these instantly encapsulates the political and ideological debates which affect all aspects of social policy. Titmuss (ed. 1987) writes that ‘collectively provided services are deliberately designed to meet certain socially recognized ‘needs’; they are manifestations’ this means any changes within these are interrelated with those in society. Miller (1987) draws from Titmuss’s work explaining that the inequality which creates need is formed from the very nature of an advanced industrial society as ‘the costs of economic growth and stability are not evenly distributed’ he describes the welfare state as ‘compensation for the vulnerable who pay the prices of ‘progress’ (1987). This essay seeks to examine the concept of need within social policy by looking at how it became recognised in the 19th century and how it was defined in the 20th century. This will include looking at what social legislation has been borne out of its recognition. I will also look at the changing attitudes towards inequality and the left/right political and ideological debate...
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... |Axia College/College of Natural Sciences | | |MAT/116 Version 7 | | |Algebra 1A | Copyright © 2010, 2009, 2007, 2006 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course introduces basic algebra concepts and assists in building skills for performing specific mathematical operations and problem solving. Students solve equations, evaluate algebraic expressions, solve and graph linear equations and linear inequalities, graph lines, and solve systems of linear equations and linear inequalities. These concepts and skills serve as a foundation for subsequent coursework. Applications to real-world problems are integrated throughout the course. This course is the first half of the college algebra sequence, which is completed in Algebra 1B. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: • University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. • Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies...
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...Rousseau’s, “Discourse on the Origin and Foundation of Inequality among Men,” is not so much on the actuality of inequality amongst men, but is more so an attempt to address and understand men, in a way that nature itself created them; however, in doing so he does infer with inequality. Thus, Rousseau feels in order to study inequality among men we should look to the earlier days, and not to that of which came through man’s successive developments, (Ritter & Bondanella, pgs. 8-11); Therefore, generally laying out how he is concerned with the inequality present when man becomes civilized because according to Rousseau such circumstances are rare in the state of nature where all things proceed in an absolute uniform manner, (Ritter & Bondanella,...
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...Photo Essay: Worth 70 points (Photo Essay 60/Presentation 10) Due April 10, 15, and 17, 2013 Students will be randomly assigned. Getting Started: The majority of your assignments have focused on your writing ability and expressing ideas linguistically. Visual imagery is also a powerful technique for thinking about and reflecting upon the social world. The purpose of this assignment is to encourage you to think about the social world in a different way, more visually than linguistically. For this project, you will select a series of photos that can be meaningfully organized around the central theme of inequality. You are to draw ideas about inequality from the chapters on social class, race/ethnicity, and gender in your text, Our Social World Condensed 2nd (Ballantine and Roberts 2012). Be creative and experimental. The only restriction is that the images must not be illegal and if you are taking the photos in private settings, you must obtain written permission from your subject(s). I have posted a Permission Form in Course Content/Photo Essay on Angel for you to use if you are using personal pictures. The photos may be obtained in various ways. You may shoot photographs specifically for this project or have a friend do so. You may obtain photos through published sources (e.g., books, magazines). You can also search websites for photos. Photos may also be obtained from a stock art archive on the internet. If you choose the latter, one of the best places to start...
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...Zaka Mahmood Ethical Concepts in Health Care Davenport University HLTH 230 Patricia Spiegel Abstract Primary health care as we see is an essential base of building our health system. Advanced development and new tools must consist of operational and supportive relations with the primary health care, along with recommending arrangements to ensure the population of their coverage as to their relevant needs, and be dependable with ethical guidelines linked to the public’s health and the health care. Heading The task of this presentation is to collaborate different issues. Consisting of new development in the health sector, critically providing more effective and indifferent health care along with an improving attitude towards the health population, mainly in developing countries. Primary health care as we see is an essential base of building our health system. Advanced development and new tools must consist of operational and supportive relations with the primary health care, along with recommending arrangements to ensure the population of their coverage as to their relevant needs, and be dependable with ethical guidelines linked to the public’s health and the health care. Most importantly, we would not like for the various advances health sector to utilize helplessly or isolate them self’s from one another, but take the effort to interact and advance complementary components of systems that have a global integrated nature. Now, we redirect to the three set of sources...
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...securing some legal and political rights for women in the UK. By the middle of the 20th century, the emphasis had shifted from suffrage to social and economic equality in the public and private sphere and the women¡¦s movement that sprung up during the 1960s began to argue that women were oppressed by patriarchal structures. Equal status for women of all races, classes, sexualities and abilities - in the 21st century these feminist claims for equality are generally accepted as reasonable principles in western society; yet the contradiction between this principle of equality and the demonstrable inequalities between the sexes that still exist exposes the continuing dominance of male privilege and values throughout society (patriarchy). This essay seeks to move beyond the irrepressible evidence for gender inequality and the division of labour. Rather, it poses the question of gender inequality as it manifests itself as an effect of patriarchy drawing from a theoretical body of work which has been developed so recently that it would have been impossible to write this essay thirty years ago. Feminist Theory and Patriarchy Although ¡§¡K patriarchy is arguably the oldest example of a forced or exploitative division of social activities¡¨ and clearly existed before it was ever examined by sociologists, the features of patriarchy had been accepted as natural (biological) in substance. It was not until feminists in...
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...GCE Sociology Advanced GCE Unit G674: Exploring Social Inequality and Difference Mark Scheme for June 2012 Oxford Cambridge and RSA Examinations OCR (Oxford Cambridge and RSA) is a leading UK awarding body, providing a wide range of qualifications to meet the needs of candidates of all ages and abilities. OCR qualifications include AS/A Levels, Diplomas, GCSEs, OCR Nationals, Functional Skills, Key Skills, Entry Level qualifications, NVQs and vocational qualifications in areas such as IT, business, languages, teaching/training, administration and secretarial skills. It is also responsible for developing new specifications to meet national requirements and the needs of students and teachers. OCR is a not-for-profit organisation; any surplus made is invested back into the establishment to help towards the development of qualifications and support, which keep pace with the changing needs of today’s society. This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and students, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which marks were awarded by examiners. It does not indicate the details of the discussions which took place at an examiners’ meeting before marking commenced. All examiners are instructed that alternative correct answers and unexpected approaches in candidates’ scripts must be given marks that fairly reflect the relevant knowledge and skills demonstrated. Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the published question papers and the...
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...Intersectionality of Gender Inequality Name: Institution: Intersectionality of Gender Inequality For many decades, women have experienced all forms of oppression and constant violence that threatened their existence in the male-dominated society. Various forms of discrimination and oppression have been directed to women for decades. Violence directed at women such as rape and battery were seen and treated as isolated scenarios. However, as the need to foster gender equality took pace, such oppressive actions are now perceived as elements of a wider system of dominance in the society that that needs to be addressed as a whole rather than in singularity (Crenshaw et al., 2013). Intersectionality is a concept that was developed by Kimberlé Crenshaw to describe the interconnections between oppressive institutions such as sexism and racism and their interaction in propagating discrimination and oppression in the society (Crenshaw et al., 2013). The concept of Intersectionality therefore, argues that, the oppressive institutions in the society cannot be handled separate from each other but rather should be addressed as a system that collectively form a system of oppression in the society. Gender inequality entails unequal treatment of individuals on the basis of their gender (Crenshaw et al., 2013). This form of discrimination has roots in social constructions and cultural norms and values which...
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...The Movie "Antz" “ANTZ” was indeed a movie in which power, conformity and social inequality played a part in the very unfolding of its plot, characterization and theme. It was a movie that had much to say about power and social inequality. And these comments were made primarily through the hero of the movie – Z. If one were to look closer at the way in which “Antz” stands out as a movie comprising of many social scenes that sustain a pre-occupation with these issues, one would find that these issues are seen through its main characters or “Social actors” The values and selfish priorities of General Mandible who is tyrannical in wielding his power towards his own interests which is to “cleanse” the ant colony of weak ants, demonstrated the concept of” social connections and interests” in which social actors for example Mandible, work towards their own interests which favour outcomes based on self-driven motives which would advance his own personal interests even at cost and detriment to the bigger whole of society. The movie “Antz” showed the manner in which Mandible sought to further his interests with an almost diplomatic approach to those he tactfully managed to control. He knew that impressing favorably to the extent of winning the Queen’s consent to marry the Princess and remaining in the Queen’s good books would thereby exert control over strategic resources which would help him achieve his goals. Even Cutter’s name was used by Mandible to inject terror in the ants at...
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...Voices Feminist Visions all discuss issues such as inequalities across different systems such as gender, race, education, sports, and more, how feminist ideas relate to inequality, intersecting identities, and the idea of privilege. There are inequalities across systems that can be seen in the way that women are viewed in society. An example of this is shown in chapter one in an article called “The Housewives Moment of Truth” by Jane O’Reilly. O’Reilly main point focuses on the notion that even through time women are still seen as being simple housewives. In today’s society women have obtained various professional jobs that go beyond the just being a teacher, and even with their success there are people that see women’s role as being in the household. O’Reilly article displays an example of gender inequality, and more importantly shows how there is still a lot progress that needs to be made. Besides gender inequality, the readings also point to other types of inequality like race. Race is very important when looking at women’s studies because everyone has to tackle their own problems every day. For instance, a black woman who is of a lower class, a single mother, a high school graduate, and tackling two jobs is viewed differently by people in society than a white woman who is of the middle class, married, graduated from college, and who has a professional job. Each reading also go into details about other types of inequalities such as those in education, where women are seen...
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...In many cultures throughout the world women are patronized and viewed as the weaker sex. Women are commonly perceived as being unfit for any forms of higher education and because of societal pressure and expectations retreat to a life of raising children and cooking meals for their husbands. Our society’s stereotypical views about women’s suffrage, educational expectations and athletic abilities have all advanced over the years. In many aspects of our society, women are now expected to compete with their male counterparts. Currently, it is not uncommon to hear of a women CEO or Vice President in businesses or even a women politician. Women have now emerged from laundry rooms and kitchens across the country and changed the demographics of the American workforce. However women are yet to take the medical workplace by storm and redefine the preconceived notions society upholds about leaders in medical professions. Many women may be happy assisting a male doctor but the growing number of female doctors illustrates the point that women want the power and control that their male counterparts currently maintain. Western female thought through the centuries has identified the relationship between patriarchy and gender as crucial to the women’s subordinate position. For two hundred years, patriarchy precluded women from having a legal or political identity and the legislation and attitudes supporting this provided the model for slavery. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries...
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...Chapter 13 discusses education and work, it explains their roles and functions in our culture and society. More specifically, the chapter analyses education and schools as a complex institution, with their fundamental functions from a sociological perspective, and their connections to equality and inequality. One concept in the chapter that I found interesting was the social reproduction theory which explores how schools reproduce and reinforce inequalities. The chapter continues to state that “theorists argue that social and economic inequalities are built into the experience of schooling” (pg. 333) due to unequal access to resource and opportunities. Primarily the focus was on the economic inequality playing a major role in the resources...
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...STATE AND DISCUSS FIVE FACTORS OF INEQUALITY IN OUR SOCIETY. Gender refers to socially constructed roles and responsibilities of women and men. The difference in roles and responsibilities among women and men stems from our families, societies and culture. The concept of gender includes our expectations about the characteristics, attitudes and behaviours of women and men, and is vital in facilitating gender analysis. The different roles, rights and resources that both the genders have in society are important determinants of the nature and scope of their inequality and poverty. Inequality in access to resources between women and men is most common in Poor and developing countries. Gender inequality refers to inequality in conditions among women and men for realizing their full human rights. It refers to unequal treatment or perceptions of individuals based on their gender. It arises from differences in socially constructed gender roles as well as biologically through chromosomes, brain structure, and hormonal differences. Gender systems are often dichotomous and hierarchical; gender binary systems may reflect the inequalities that manifest in numerous dimensions of daily life. Gender inequality stems from distinctions, whether empirically grounded or socially constructed. There are factors that influence gender inequality in our society. Some of these...
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...CONCEPTS OF HEALTH INTRODUCTION As humans remain different in nature, so are their perceptions and response towards certain issues of their lives and well being. The concept of health assumes to be a typical example of this and hence, poses debate about what it is. “Health” is a word which means different things to different people (Ewles & Simnett, 2003). This essay intends to critically discuss the meaning of health by exploring different definitions and their contraindications. Naidoo & Wills (2000) defined health in two main ways: the positive approach, where health is viewed as a capacity or an asset, and the negative approach, which emphasises the absence of illness, diseases or disorders. “Health” as defined by the World Health Organisation (1949) is ‘the state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease. This definition, as well as emphasising health in a positive sense, is significant in stressing mental as well as physical aspects of health, and social as well as individual wellbeing. This would be viewed as an ideal towards which health care and other social actions may be orientated. However some authors argue that health is holistic and includes different dimensions, each of which needs to be considered (Ewles & Simnett, 1999). Seedhouse (1991) criticism of this definition believed that a more realistic view was needed. He used a holistic approach in his seminal work, stating that health is closely linked to empowering...
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...and Social Care ------------------------------------------------- Points to cover for P1, P2, M1, D1 P1 - An explanation of the concept of an unequal society, using sociological terms and concepts. * Stereotyping, prejudice, discrimination, marginalisation, labelling, social exclusion ------------------------------------------------- Ensure you give clear definitions of the inter-related terms first and explain using appropriate examples to illustrate their meaning. P2 - A description of a range of social inequalities in society. Focus on groups relating to: * Social class, Age, Gender, Ethnicity, Disability Sexuality First ensure you briefly describe these factors ------------------------------------------------- Second describe how people can experience inequalities within these groups by using examples to illustrate the differences in opportunities, quality of life and/or levels of health and well-being. M1 - A discussion of the impact of those social inequalities on the different groups in society. Ensure your discussion develops ideas introduced in P1 & P2 and clearly illustrates the impact of these. ------------------------------------------------- Ideas introduced in P1 and P2- to discuss Stereotyping, prejudice, discrimination, marginalisation, labelling and social exclusion and discuss how social inequalities within these factors can affect the health and wellbeing of different social groups including (social class, age, gender, ethnicity...
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