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Conflict and Mediation

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CONFLICTO Y MEDIACIÓN

Una de las áreas más difíciles en el liderazgo tiene que ver con el conflicto entre los miembros del equipo. Si el conflicto no se enfrenta continuará esparciéndose entre el resto del equipo y puede llegar a ser tan dañino que puede llegar a paralizar la dirección de la compañía. (Downs, 2006). Todo persona confronta problemas en su diario vivir. Siempre estamos en búsqueda de soluciones para estos conflictos y problemas. El conflicto en el trabajo puedes ser definido de varias formas. El conflicto obrero patronal es un conflicto muy común en la fuerza laboral.
El conflicto es inherente al ser humano. Las características de los conflictos pueden variar según la época histórica, la diferencia de los grupos, edad y sexo de los individuos, ocupación laboral y otras más que sería prolijo mencionar. Los individuos por sí mismos o en una organización tienden a detentar el poder, o simplemente en el uso que hagan de su reflejo, cuando el poder lo toman de otros, entran en conflicto al suponer que puede serles arrebatado o compartido. La amenaza de perder el poder pone en juego mecanismos de defensa que progresan lenta o rápidamente en un proceso de enajenación enfrentando a los individuos y grupos. Los conflictos de tipo interpersonal están presentes en su mayor frecuencia en la lucha por el poder sin importar cuan pequeño o insignificante pueda parecer, basta con que a los involucrados en el ejercicio del poder les parezca importante para entablar por ello una disputa de consecuencias impredecibles. En ocasiones, los sucesos que se desencadenan en un conflicto son mucho más significativos que el inicio o la causa aparente. En los grupos, simplemente la actuación de un líder informal, verá con recelo el ingreso de otra persona con características de liderazgo. El hecho de ejercer influencia sobre el grupo aunque no se tenga otra retribución además de la satisfacción de sentir que los demás son influenciados y guiados; el percibir que esa influencia puede ser arrebatada, predispone al conflicto. Con eso es suficiente para crear una perturbación importante en las relaciones interpersonales de los miembros del grupo. (Domingo). Uno de los pasos más importantes es tomar acción inmediatamente cuando surge un conflicto. La mediación es el primer paso para resolver un conflicto laboral. Según es definido por Hoyos y Viana en su ensayo La mediación como herramienta de trabajo, la mediación da instrumentos para explorar el conflicto y sus consecuencias desde la perspectiva de la posibilidad y la construcción, desde una posición transformadora de la realidad, que aleja en más de una ocasión del abatimiento impotente y ciertamente frustrante. La mediación puede ser formar o informal. En la mediación formal todo está más reglado y requiere ciertas condiciones y fases. La mediación informal es algo más global, es una forma de enfrentarse a los conflictos de forma más dialogante y positiva, que cada uno puede poner en práctica en su quehacer cotidiano, es decir, que el mediador puede ser cualquier persona que actúa de modo intuitivo y espontáneo ante cualquier situación de conflicto. Existen numerosas definiciones de mediación formal. Son definidas como, procedimiento de resolución de conflictos que consiste en la intervención de una tercera parte, ajena e imparcial al conflicto, aceptada por los disputantes y sin poder de decisión sobre los mismos, con el objetivo de facilitar que éstos lleguen por sí mismos a un acuerdo por medio del diálogo y la negociación. Algunas características de la mediación son: Voluntariedad. La participación en el proceso de mediación es, por definición, voluntaria. La intervención del mediador puede ser solicitada por las partes o bien el ofrecimiento puede venir de la misma instancia mediadora o de otras instancias (director, juez...) pero, en cualquier caso, no podemos olvidar que la decisión última de recurrir o no a la mediación corresponde a las partes. Además, como las partes participan voluntariamente en el proceso, tienen derecho a retirarse en cualquier momento. La confidencialidad es la segunda característica de la mediación. Todo lo hablado en las sesiones de mediación es confidencial y, por lo tanto, no puede ser repetido fuera de ella ni por el mediador ni por las partes. La tercera característica es que el mediador debe ser imparcial, objetivo y neutral. La neutralidad del mediador ha generado una gran controversia entre los profesionales de la mediación, aunque no vamos a entrar ahora en este debate. La cuarta característica son los acuerdos adoptados en común por las partes se traducen en un grado de cumplimiento mucho mayor que las decisiones impuestas por una autoridad externa. Ponerse de acuerdo con la persona con la que existen desavenencias resulta satisfactorio y además demuestra un interés, no sólo por solucionar el problema, sino también por mantener y mejorar las relaciones. Por último, son muchos los autores que consideran la mediación, no como un método de resolución de conflictos, sino como una aportación cultural a las sociedades del presente que no sólo afronta el reto de garantizar el orden social, sino también de celebrar la diversidad humana. Es decir, la mediación es considerada como una transformación cultural, como una vía de socialización que trabaja ámbitos genuinos de interrelación y aporta un sentido comunitario que las formas meramente adversariales de regulación de conflictos obvian. (Hoyos e Viana). Un conflicto obrero patronal que ocurrió hace poco en Puerto Rico está relacionado a una compañía y la unión de tronquistas. Los sucesos del caso fueron reportados por PrimeraHora.com. El nombre de la compañía permanecerá anónimo.
“Los empleados de la Compañía, de distribución y mercadeo de productos de consumo, reanudaron esta mañana una protesta frente a la entrada principal del almacén. El viernes pasado también llevaron a cabo la misma protesta por la eliminación de beneficios laborales y el incumplimiento de un acuerdo. La Policía informó que la protesta ha transcurrido en completo orden, a pesar de la presencia de varios camiones, ya que dicha Compañía tiene oficinas y almacenes en el mismo lugar. El presidente de la compañía, lamentó hoy la protesta que han llevado a cabo empleados afiliados a la Unión de Tronquistas contra la empresa mientras mantienen negociaciones para un nuevo convenio colectivo. El ejecutivo dijo que el pasado viernes 17 de diciembre un grupo de empleados del almacén, afiliados a la Unión de Tronquistas, “decretó un paro que nos ha tomado por sorpresa”. “La gerencia y la unión habíamos estado en conversaciones desde el pasado mes de mayo buscando aprobar el nuevo convenio colectivo para estos empleados, y se había logrado un buen progreso en las negociaciones”, señaló el Presidente de la Compañía. “Es lamentable que la Unión de Tronquistas haya tomado esta sorpresiva determinación en plena época navideña, cuando tanto nuestros empleados como todos los puertorriqueños aspiramos a disfrutar de días de sosiego, paz y alegría junto a nuestras familias”, agregó. Un grupo de estos empleados de la empresa, reanudaron esta mañana la protesta iniciada el viernes, en la entrada principal del almacén. La Policía informó que la protesta había transcurrido en orden, a pesar de que varios camiones permanecían en las afueras de la sede de las oficinas y almacén de la compañía. Los manifestantes dijeron que protestaban por la eliminación de beneficios laborales y el incumplimiento de un acuerdo, según un informe policiaco. “Nuestra meta en la Compañía es mantener la continuidad de nuestras operaciones al tiempo que le brindamos a nuestros empleados de almacén espacio para ejercer su derecho a manifestarse. Está en manos de la Unión resolver la situación, ya que fue ésta la que abandonó la mesa de negociaciones. Esperamos que prevalezca un clima de sosiego”, declaró Vázquez. La solución a este conflicto aún no ha sido resulta, ya que la unión está demandando a la compañía.
Es importante reconocer que toda persona, empresa y compañía tienen conflictos internos o externos. Es de suma importancia estar debidamente informados de los programas de mediación que ofrecen la compañía. Todo empleado tiene el derecho de trabajar en un lugar seguro, libre de violencia y de laborar en tranquilidad.

Referencias
Downs, L. (2006). Lidiando con el conflicto en el área del trabajo. Recuperado el 9 de noviembre de 2011.

Hoyos, F. y Viana, I. La mediación como herramienta de trabajo. Recuperado el 10 de noviembre de 2011.

Octaviano, D. (2001). Manejo de Conflictos y Criterios de la Toma de Decisiones. Recuperado el 10 de noviembre de 2011.

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