...CS 6903 - Applied Cryptography Lecture 10: Lecture 10, slides 3-15 Speaker: Giovanni Di Crescenzo, Scribe: Chaitanya Bhorade December 13, 2014 Summary: This document contains notes for Lecture 10, slides 3-15. These are the lecture notes with some additional information by the scribe, for Lecture 10 Slides 3- 15. The primary focus is on Digital Signatures and its constructions. Properties of a digital signature is then discussed. This is followed by some Digital Signature schemes. And finally Digital Signatures in practice are shown to conclude the notes. 1 Introduction Digital Signatures is a concept derived form a normal signature which is used to confirm the origin of a received document. Asymmetric cryptographic technique is been implemented to ensure whether the received document is authenticated or not. With some factors, a digital signature offers more security than a real-life signature. Because it is difficult to convert a digital signature for message m which can be used as a sign a new message m’ A digital signature for a document would be bits which are derived from: the document and the secret key of the signer.The public key is available freely to anyone who wants to verify the signature. Whereas the other key, which is a secret key, is only known to the one that is authorized to generate the signatures which are associated with that public key. 2 Properties of Digital Signature • Integrity: Recipients can be confident that the message has not been...
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...several integer factorization algorithms that have applications in cryptography, such as Lenstra elliptic curve factorization. 2. commonly used encryption and authentication algorithm and is included as part of the Web browsers from Microsoft and Netscape. 3. (3DES) Triple DES - a mode of the DES encryption algorithm that encrypts data three times. Three 64-bit keys are used, instead of one, for an overall key length of 192 bits (the first encryption is encrypted with second key, and the resulting cipher text is again encrypted with a third key). 4. Diffie-Hellman key exchange - is a specific method of exchanging cryptographic keys. It is one of the earliest practical examples of key exchange implemented within the field of cryptography. The Diffie–Hellman key exchange method allows two parties that have no prior knowledge of each other to jointly establish a shared secret key over an insecure communications channel. This key can then be used to encrypt subsequent communications using a symmetric key cipher. 5. International Data Encryption Algorithm (IDEA)- is a block cipher. 6. Data Encryption Standard – Encryption cipher that is a product cipher with a 56bit key consisting of 16 iterations of substitution and transformation. 7. El Gamal encryption algorithm - is a public-key cryptosystem based on the discrete logarithm problem. It consists of both encryption and signature algorithms. 8. (CAST) Carlisle Adams and Stafford Taveres algorithm - is a symmetric-key block cipher...
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...Extrabusiness Security: Anonymity, time stamping, revocation, and ownership Applications and Uses • Cryptography uses can be found in categories, such as: o Anti-malware o Compliance or auditing o Forensics o Transaction security o Wireless security Symmetric Key Crypto Standards Triple DES (Data Encryption Standard): Consists of three passes of DES using multiple keys IDEA (International Data Encryption Algorithm): Uses a 128-but key and runs faster than DES Blowfish: Faster than DES or IDEA AES (Advanced Encryption Standard): Strong and fast. Defacto standard today. RC2: Designed by Ronald Rivest RC4: Used in Internet browsers Symmetric Key Principles • The same key encrypts and decrypts • Symmetric Algorithms can be fast and are well suited to encrypting lots of data • They are often used once and then discarded Asymmetric Key Principle Any data encrypted by a Public Key can be decrypted only by the corresponding Private Key. Asymmetric Key Crypto Standards Standard Description Rivest, Shamir, and Adleman (RSA) encryption algorithm Considered by many as the standard for encryption....
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...1. Data Encryption Standard (DES): A predominant algorithm for the encryption of electronic data. It was influential in the advancement of modern cryptography in the academic world. 2. Rivest, Shamir and Adleman (RSA) encryption algorithm: Internet encryption and authentication system that uses an algorithm. It is most commonly used encryption and authentication algorithm used. 3. Triple DES: A block cipher, which applies the data encryption standard cipher algorithm three times to each data block. 4. Diffie-Hellman key exchange: A specific method of exchanging cryptographic keys. It allows two parties that have no prior knowledge of each other to jointly establish a shared secret key over an insecure communications channel. 5. International Data Encryption Algorithm (IDEA): Uses a block cipher with a 128-bit key, and is generally considered to be very secure. It is known as the best public known algorithm. 6. El Gamal encryption algorithm: An asymmetric key encryption algorithm for public-key cryptography which is based on the Diffie-Hellman exchange. It is used in the free GNU Privacy Guard software, recent versions of PGP, and other cryptosystems. 7. Carlisle Adams and Stafford Taveres (CAST) algorithm: This is a substitution-permutation algorithm similar to DES. It was designed with a public criteria. 8. Elliptic curve cryptography (ECC): A public key encryption technique based on elliptic curve theory that can be used to create faster, smaller, and more efficient cryptographic...
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...Different types of Encryption Esther Dyson, a former journalist and Wall Street analyst have said that Encryption is a powerful defensive weapon for free people. It offers a technical guarantee of privacy, regardless of who is running the government. It's hard to think of a more powerful, less dangerous tool for liberty. To explain this interesting statement, it is important to define the term Encryption. “Encryption is the conversion of a message or data file into a form that cannot be understood by unauthorized readers.” (Dyson) Encryption can be thought as locking something valuable into a strong box with a key. Sensitive data is encrypted by using a key algorithm, which renders it unreadable without the knowledge of the key. Data encryption keys are determined at connect time between a connection and the computer on the other end. The use of data encryption can be initiated by a personal computer or by the server it’s connecting to. On these terms, “Encryption is the technology that makes E-COMMERCE possible because it underlies the security systems used to protect electronic financial transactions.” (Dyson) Similarly, Dan Boneh, Professor of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering at Stanford University, gives another definition for the term. “Encryption is a method for users to securely share data over an insecure network or storage server.” (Boneh, Sahai and Waters) Since there are many transactions people do every day such as online banking or online shopping...
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...Course Title: Cryptography Section 1-1 Topic: Introduction To Cryptography Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability and Authentication How companies use cryptography How penetration testers can also use cryptography Tools, Techniques and Attacks Academics discusses history of encryption. Academics simply encrypt or hash, why aren't people using hashing more? Professional is just, encrypt or not, hash or just verify Section 1-2 Topic: Key Concepts of Cryptography: PKIS & Encryption Learning Objectives: Cryptography is one of the most underrated courses of study in the industry. Of those who do study it, issues with comprehension tend to hinder individual mastery. By taking this course, learners will finally be able to grasp all the critical concepts, theories and practices associated with Cryptography. This Cryptography presentation discusses and demonstrates the key concepts of Cryptography from attacks, PKIs and Encryption in detail. You’ll learn about the difference between public and private keys and about the similarities and differences between symmetry & asymmetry. We’ll also discuss the concept of integrity and confidentiality and their relationships to/with protocols. This Cryptography course will help you master the basics of Cryptography as you begin to develop the discipline needed to become an accomplished pen tester. Keys and Principles 1. Keys 1a. Symmetric - also referred to as same keys, private key, symmetric key - same (confidentially) ...
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...Scams of the day!!! © 2012 Jones and Bartlett Learning, LLC www.jblearning.com Fundamentals of Information Systems Security © 2012 Jones and Bartlett Learning, LLC www.jblearning.com Page 2 Fundamentals of Information Systems Security © 2012 Jones and Bartlett Learning, LLC www.jblearning.com Page 3 On to today’s lesson © 2012 Jones and Bartlett Learning, LLC www.jblearning.com FIRST OF ALL… § Let me clear up a misconception § RSA public/private key encryption is THE leader, in terms of security. For all practical purposes, it is impossible to crack a RSA algorithm. § PGP (Pretty Good Privacy) is probably the best implementation of RSA. It is now owned by Symantec. § Other free products (which do not tightly integrate into email, for example) are available § Understand that PKI is NOT the same thing as public key encryption Fundamentals of Information Systems Security © 2012 Jones and Bartlett Learning, LLC www.jblearning.com Page 5 Fundamentals of Information Systems Security © 2012 Jones and Bartlett Learning, LLC www.jblearning.com Page 6 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) is a set of hardware, software, people, policies, and procedures needed to create, manage, distribute, use, store, and revoke digital certificates. In cryptography, a PKI is an arrangement that binds public keys with respective user identities by means of a certificate authority (CA). The user identity must be unique within each CA domain. The binding...
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...Wireless Physical Layer Security: An Information Theoretic Approach DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Onur Ozan K¨yl¨o˘lu, B.S., M.S. o u g Graduate Program in Electrical and Computer Engineering The Ohio State University 2010 Dissertation Committee: Hesham El Gamal, Adviser C. Emre K¨ksal o Ness B. Shroff Atilla Eryılmaz c Copyright by Onur Ozan K¨yl¨ o˘lu o u g 2010 ABSTRACT We are in the midst of wireless revolution, and increasing demand continues for wireless applications. This explosive growth, of wireless communications and services, inevitably renders security into a challenging quality of service constraint that must be accounted for in the network design. The state of the art methods in combating the security threats are usually founded on cryptographic approaches. These techniques typically assume limited computational resources at adversaries, are usually derived from unproven assumptions, and most of the time do not offer a measurable security notion. Information theoretic security, on the other hand, eliminates the aforementioned limitations of the cryptographic techniques at the physical layer of communication systems. In this thesis, we concentrate on both the theoretical and the practical aspects of physical layer security. We first start by analyzing elemental interference networks, in particular, two-user channels with an adversary...
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...1 Chapter 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE Introduction Now more than ever, technology is changing on how we vote. Voting schemes have evolved from counting hands on early days to systems that includes papers, punch cards, mechanical levers and optical machines. Electronic voting systems provide some characteristic different from the traditional voting technique. As an effect of vast change in modern technology, several techniques in voting arises in order to solve various drawbacks like time consuming and large volume of paper works can be consumed. So the solutions are televoting, android phone voting and web voting. Televoting was also known as voting via SMS text messages. Mobile phone connects through GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) in which it searches for cells in the immediate vicinity. Televoting uses a format in which the public viewer follows and replies error whenever they send an invalid format. Like in a real television shows, televoting was a very common method that opens the public to vote its favorite contestant to remain and not to be evicted. The outcome will be decided by the number of votes in which a contestant garners. On the other hand, android phone voting and web voting has this similarity. Both use an internet in order to gain access and make vote counts. In web voting, it uses a browser to view the page and users just simply browse, follow some steps and vote, and if successful, the vote is counted. The most common method before a user...
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...CISSP: The Domains Table of Contents INTRODUCTION 4 DOMAIN 1: ACCESS CONTROL WHAT’S NEW IN ACCESS CONTROL? AN OVERVIEW 5 5 7 DOMAIN 2: SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT SECURITY WHAT’S NEW IN APPLICATIONS SECURITY (NOW SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT SECURITY)? AN OVERVIEW 9 9 10 DOMAIN 3: BUSINESS CONTINUITY & DISASTER RECOVERY WHAT’S NEW? AN OVERVIEW 12 12 13 DOMAIN 4: CRYPTOGRAPHY WHAT’S NEW? AN OVERVIEW 17 17 18 DOMAIN 5: INFORMATION SECURITY GOVERNANCE & RISK MANAGEMENT WHAT’S NEW? AN OVERVIEW 21 21 22 DOMAIN 6: LEGAL, REGULATIONS, INVESTIGATIONS, AND COMPLIANCE WHAT’S NEW? AN OVERVIEW 24 24 26 DOMAIN 7: SECURITY OPERATIONS WHAT’S NEW? AN OVERVIEW 28 28 29 DOMAIN 8: PHYSICAL & ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY WHAT’S NEW? AN OVERVIEW 32 32 33 DOMAIN 9: SECURITY ARCHITECTURE & DESIGN WHAT’S NEW? AN OVERVIEW 36 36 38 DOMAIN 10: TELECOMMUNICATIONS & NETWORK SECURITY WHAT’S NEW? AN OVERVIEW 40 40 41 INFOSEC INSTITUTE’S CISSP BOOT CAMP COURSE OVERVIEW COURSE SCHEDULE 44 44 45 INTRODUCTION (ISC)²’s CISSP Exam covers ten domains which are: Access Control Application Development Security Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery Planning Cryptography Information Security Governance and Risk Management Legal regulations, investigations, and compliance Operations Security Physical and Environmental Security Security Architecture and Design Telecommunications...
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...1 A DSP A-Z http://www.unex.ucla.edu Digital Signal Processing An “A” to “Z” R.W. Stewart Signal Processing Division Dept. of Electronic and Electrical Eng. University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1XW, UK Tel: +44 (0) 141 548 2396 Fax: +44 (0) 141 552 2487 E-mail: r.stewart@eee.strath.ac.uk M.W. Hoffman Department of Electrical Eng. 209N Walter Scott Eng. Center PO Box 880511 Lincoln, NE 68588 0511 USA Tel: +1 402 472 1979 Fax: +1 402 472 4732 Email:hoffman@unlinfo.unl.edu © BlueBox Multimedia, R.W. Stewart 1998 2 The DSPedia DSPedia An A-Z of Digital Signal Processing This text aims to present relevant, accurate and readable definitions of common and not so common terms, algorithms, techniques and information related to DSP technology and applications. It is hoped that the information presented will complement the formal teachings of the many excellent DSP textbooks available and bridge the gaps that often exist between advanced DSP texts and introductory DSP. While some of the entries are particularly detailed, most often in cases where the concept, application or term is particularly important in DSP, you will find that other terms are short, and perhaps even dismissive when it is considered that the term is not directly relevant to DSP or would not benefit from an extensive description. There are 4 key sections to the text: • • • • DSP terms A-Z Common Numbers associated with DSP Acronyms References page 1 page 427 page 435 page 443 the...
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...Fundamentals of Database Systems Preface....................................................................................................................................................12 Contents of This Edition.....................................................................................................................13 Guidelines for Using This Book.........................................................................................................14 Acknowledgments ..............................................................................................................................15 Contents of This Edition.........................................................................................................................17 Guidelines for Using This Book.............................................................................................................19 Acknowledgments ..................................................................................................................................21 About the Authors ..................................................................................................................................22 Part 1: Basic Concepts............................................................................................................................23 Chapter 1: Databases and Database Users..........................................................................................23 ...
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...December 2015 - FINAL EXAMINATION SCHEDULE Please verify the location of your exam below. CAREFULLY ensure that you note the correct room according to your LAST NAME ACCT Sec Title ACCT 351 001 Intermediate Financial Acct 1 ACCT 351 Time Prof. FROM Dec 21 6 pm Tsang Aaa - Zzz GYM main gym 20-30 002 Intermediate Financial Acct 1 Dec 21 6 pm Tsang Aaa - Zzz GYM main gym 20-30 ACCT 351 003 Intermediate Financial Acct 1 Dec 21 6 pm Tsang Aaa - Zzz GYM main gym 20-30 ACCT 352 001 Intermediate Financial Acct 2 Dec 21 9 am Cecere Aaa - Zzz ENGTR 0100 ACCT 354 001 Financial Statement Analysis Dec 22 2 pm Scott Aaa - Zzz GYM Fieldhouse 28-31 ACCT 354 002 Financial Statement Analysis Dec 22 2 pm Scott Aaa - Zzz GYM Fieldhouse 28-31 ACCT 361 001 Management Accounting Dec 11 2 pm Parent Aaa - Zzz GYM main gym 1-11 ACCT 361 002 Management Accounting Dec 11 2 pm Parent Aaa - Zzz GYM main gym 1-11 ACCT 361 003 Management Accounting Dec 11 2 pm Parent Aaa - Zzz GYM main gym 1-11 ACCT 362 001 Cost Accounting Dec 17 2 pm Levy Aaa - Zzz GYM Studio 1 1-3 ACCT 385 001 Principles of Taxation Dec 15 2 pm Goldsman Aaa - Zzz GYM BLEACHERS 1-5 ACCT 385 002 Principles of Taxation Dec 15 2 pm Goldsman Aaa - Zzz GYM BLEACHERS 1-5 ACCT 453 001 Advanced Financial Accountin Dec 14 9 am Scott Aaa - Zzz GYM main gym ACCT 463 001 Management Control Dec 11 2 pm Levy Aaa - Zzz GYM Studio 2...
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