...This essay will go into detail how through 1348 to roughly 1750 the environment affected humans. Though humans did affect the environment the environment affected humans on a larger scale. In this essay, I will be using Cortes on Tenochtitlan, Leo Africanus, and The Liberation of Constantinople as sources. These sources will be used in order to support the reasoning for the environment affecting humans on a large scale. Before I get into my paper I am going to define the environment that I will be using, that being environment as in the surrounding conditions such as weather and geography. I will start with the quote from Cortes, “This strait is a bow-shot wide, and connects the two lakes; and by this means a trade is carried on between the cities and there settlements on the lakes in canoes without the necessity of traveling by land” (Cortes, 1). As we have read throughout the course so far trade is very important to civilizations. The environment that is previously stated affected humans because it allowed them to make trade between cities and settlements. This is very important because at those times trade is crucial if you are not able to make or grow all the supplies you need,...
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...Essay 4 – History of Mexico Why were 300+ Spaniards able to conquer 40,000 Aztecs? Include geographical facts, Research Day of the Dead, What is it? Hernando Cortes was known as the Spanish Conqueror who defeated the Aztecs. He was born in 1485 to minor nobility in southwest Spain. He sailed to the new world in search of his fortune and joined a military expedition in 1518, lead by Diego de Velasquez that captured Cuba. Cortes soon became the mayor of Santiago and married Velazquez sister-in-law. Cortes was given permission by Spanish governor of Cuba, Diego Velasquez, to take a small group to Mexico on an exploration mission to investigate rumors of a wealthy civilization in central Mexico. Cortes was very ambitious and Velazquez was soon regretting his decision. In fact, he tried to rescind his order but it was too late. Cortes was already sailing to Mexico with a group of 11 ships. His first stop was at the Yucatan coastline before he proceeded to Tabasco. He had little trouble at Tabasco and was able to quite easily overcome the natives. It was here at Tabasco where he first learned about the great wealth of the Aztecs. Cortes went farther north and established Vera Cruz where he started planning his attack against the Aztecs. While he was Tabasco, he met his mistress La Malinche, who was fluent in Nahuatl, the Aztec language, and enlisted the help of the Tabasco natives. Since Cortes’ men had their doubts about conquering the Aztecs, and to prevent...
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...Central America. 2. Sapa Inca- the Inca was the powerful emperor and leader of the Inca people, which basically means emperor. 3. Cannibal Law 1503- In 1503 Queen Isabella of Spain, created a law that prohibited the arrest or capture of her new children stating further that, no harm or evil was permitted against their person or possessions. 4. Royal Fifth- An old royal tax that reserves to monarch for metals acquired by subjects as treasure or extracted mining, instituted in Muslim states. III. Specific Identifications: 1. Hernan Cortes- Spanish conquistador, who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico, led an expedition and brought large portions of mainland Mexico. 2. Hernando De Soto- Spanish explorer and conquistador while leading the first European expedition into territory of the modern-day United State. 3. Montezuma II- Last Aztec emperor in Mexico and was overthrown and killed by Hernando Cortés. 4. Francisco Pizarro- who conquered the Inca Empire or what is now called Peru or founded the city of Lima. 5. Ferdinand & Isabel- Known for funding conquistadors to expand their empire overseas or uniting disparate kingdoms into what eventually became modern Spain. They were a religious couple in a since it took them 10 years to conquered the last Muslim stronghold to convert their land under...
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...“During the silent [film] era, roughly from the turn of the century until about 1930, Chicanas usually served as passive adjuncts to the main action of [a] film…from about 1930 to the end of World War II, Chicana and other United States Latina characters began to move into center screen, but with limited diversity and little depth of characterization” (Cortés 126). In his essay, Chicanas in Film: History of an Image, Carlos E. Cortés defines four broad eras of Chicana women in American film. The first film in our series, The Girl from Mexico, falls under the category of the second era: “Sensuality and Frivolity” (Cortés 128). Actresses portraying Mexicana or Chicana characters could embody frivolity, like “high-voltage Brazillian actress Carmen Miranda, “ or sensuality, like Dolores Del Rio (Cortés 130). Or, one could go “striding...
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...This essay was written by our national hero about 100 years ago. So it is probably high time for us to find out how we fared and how close we were to this predictions, and how we can learn from it. Dr. Rizal predicted two options for the Filipino People during his time. First, Filipinas would be considered Spanish territory, but this would happen if and only if the Filipinos were treated with respect and equality under law, and only if liberalization happens. Yes, it did not happen, so the second option, that the Filipinos would shake off the Spanish yoke, came true. So this is what we are going to follow, and we will compare and contrast what Dr Rizal predicted and what actually happened. Dr. Rizal predicted that the revolution would be bloody, and by bloody hell it was. Filipinos fought tenaciously, that is until the Americans came. Dr. Rizal also predicted that the Americans would come, however he predicted that it would be unlikely since "this is contrary to her traditions." However, America did this through cunning and not through direct military conflict, and to hell with traditions! Americans had been hypocrites... And i hope they will no longer be. Reading through the essays of Rizal, one could say that the hero is not just as great writer but a great Historian as well. His essay, The Philippines a Century Hence presents a radical prophesy of Rizal of how the Philippines would be through the century. Rizal presented a clear idea of how our Motherland will...
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...include but are not limited to; * “Dona Marina,” the great lady of Hernan Cortes. * “Malintzin,” the noble prisoner/captive of Cortes. * “La Malinche,” the embodiment of treachery against the Latin people. While there are many portrayals of her, there is an underlying theme in all of them. That she is a compelling force in events despite the traditional roles of women of the time. For example when comparing Laura Esquival’s, “Malinche” Malinalli variant to the one found in Gary Jennings “Aztec,” readers will find two different portrayals her but with the same dominance. Due to this extraordinary puissance, it leads me believe that she is a strong woman. Due to the diversity of works that showcase her I will be focusing on the following two representations of her as seen in Esquival’s novel, “Malinche” and Jose Limon’s ballet, “La Malinche.” Let’s begin by examining Laura Esquival’s interpretation in “La Malinche.” Written in 2006, I believe this novel characterizes Malinalli as a strong woman. Furthermore, as an ambassador and a genius. She is a woman struggling between the remnants of her native Aztec civilization and the culture of the invading Spaniards. Through these trials and tribulations, her character grows from the naïve slave girl to the mother of a new civilization. She didn’t begin as a strong woman. In the novel, Mallinali is constantly suppressing her of doubts Cortes nefarious nature, hoping that her intuition was incorrect until one faithful...
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...The mass genocide of Native Americans effected them drastically. It has effected them so much that it left a permanent mark in history. For example when Francisco Pizarro arrived to the Incan Civilization and had successfully ravaged their society. Not only did he destroy a nation but he had terminated many people and ended their culture. This relates to this topic because many Indigenous people were killed and their cultures were destroyed. It also relates to this topic because it had ended many traditions. Another example of mass genocide would be when Hernan Cortes brought down the Aztec Civilization. Which drastically threatened their traditions and ways of life. Because of Hernan Cortes is rule of the Aztecs, he had abolished their religion and forced them into practicing Catholicism. Where in which if they choose not to cooperate with their rules their families were taken away from them and forced into slavery. This is how the killing of Natives had effected many Indigenous...
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...Philippine Constitutions (Concise) In: Other Topics Philippine Constitutions (Concise) The Biak-na-Bato Constitution General Emilio Aguinaldo Established the Biak-na-Bato Republic on July 1897 and issued a proclamation stating the following demands: * Expulsion of the friars and the return of the friar lands to the Filipinos. * Representation of the Philippines in the Spanish Cortes. * Freedom of the press and religion. * Abolition of the government’s power to banish Filipinos. * Equality for all before the law. A charter was then drafted based on the Cuban Constitution by Alex Ferrer and Isabelo Artacho. It was ratified on November 15, 1897. The Biak-na-Bato Constitution provided for the establishment of a Supreme Council that would serve as the highest governing body of the Republic. Preamble: “The separation of the Philippines from the Spanish monarchy and their formation into an independent state with its own government called the Philippine Republic has been the end sought by the Revolution in the existing war, begun on the 24th of August, 1896; and therefore, in its name and by the power delegated by the Filipino people, interpreting faithfully...
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...represented through a parabolic trend. Before 1960 CRAs were quite famous only in the USA, later on their importance have increased in all the world until the recent crisis, in which they reached their highest level; whereupon they have been loosing power. Credit Rating Agencies are: an independent company that evaluates the financial condition of issuers of debt instruments and then assigns a rating that reflects its assessment of the issuer's ability to make the debt payments. An important key to understand the future of the thesis concerns the reliability of these agencies; actually they provide only an indicative creditworthiness of a company, they are not absolute predictor of the risk of default on a particular obligation. In the essay we will focus our attention on the position, the importance and the critics concerned the CRAs during the financial crisis started in 2008. First of all we will provide an overview concern the...
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...The Philippines A Century Hence PART ONE The first part of the essay outlines briefly how the Spanish colonization have changed the cultural landscape of the Filipino people and how well those people managed to indoctrinate our forebears. In the latter part of the essay where events turned to favour Filipinos’ plight much of the work revolved on the effaceable influence of the Spaniards on our race. The formidable diminution of liberty and despotic leadership have ceased to effect cooperation not only in the Philippines but also among all other tyrannized subject of the Spanish crown. They denied to them not only capacity for virtue but also even the tendency to vice, a very loathsome condition for our antecedents. For Rizal, Spain made a big mistake of ignoring what history has for them. That instead of pursuing their old ignoble ways they could have been more beneficent to appease the “ingrate” heart of the people as they term it. Rizal in his work didn’t absolutely decry the Spanish race. For one, it would be illogical to associate the conduct of a certain portion of the populace as a national character. He did recognize some notable men whose thinking far transcends the obstinate mind of the ministers. Although speaking in general terms, he dismissed such exceptions as rather a separate case. In conclusion, men truly respond to what is set on the table. Lamentation or delight sprung from the manner the food was presented and how the food appeal to senses. Had they...
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...The Native American peoples were vulnerable to conquest by Eurpean adventures. In this essay the reasons for this will be discussed. There were several reasons why they were vulnerable. First they had poor political practices between different tribes. They lacked modern weaponry and lacked means of travel such as cavalry. Lastly, their immune system was susceptible to European diseases. Each of these reasons will be discussed further in the following paragraphs. Native Americans had poor political skills due to the large number of tribes. One example of this is the Aztecs which a lot of political strife within their tribe which raised competitiveness that increased internal conflict and thus ended with and unstable political system. A Spanish conquistador named Hernan Cortes took note of this and created alliances with enemy tribes of the Aztecs who were looking to escape slavery. For these reasons the America Natives were extremely fragmented whereas the European adventures came as a united front against them. In addition to the poor politics of the native Americans, they also lacked the resources to stand up to the European adventures, The Aztecs did not have cattle and horses integrated into waging attacks or carrying supplies. They fought their battles on foot and hand carried any supplies they needed while the Spanish forces had a cavalry from which they fought. This alone caused many Native American casualties and made war with the European's impossible...
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...Assignment One: Cortés’s letters are an essential source for understanding the early Spanish presence in Mexico. He wrote five letters from New Spain to the king, in which he recounted, in a simple but detailed style, Spain’s progressive entry into new lands. The second letter describes the province of Culua, with its great cities, especially “Tenustitlan” built on Lake Texcoco. Cortés speaks with great admiration about the Aztec king, about how his people serve him, and about their rites and ceremonies. The letter relates the most noteworthy events concerning the entry into New Spain: the surrender of the chief of Cempoala, the procession towards the capital, the alliance with the Tlaxcaltecas, early contacts with the ambassadors of Moctezuma, and the meeting with the Aztec chief in Tenochtitlán. Assignment Two:...
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...BEVERLY TIONGSON HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE 19th CENTURY: SPAIN AND THE PHILIPPINES 19th CENTURY SPAIN • Spain during the first three quarters of the 19th century was a country of instability and chaos. • Conquered by Napoleon Bonaparte, he made his brother Joseph as king. • Guerilla warfare against the French ensued • In 1812 a constitution was made by the Liberal Cortes • Ferdinand VII was restored to power by 1814, he returned to absolute government • Civil wars broke out between the Liberals and Carlists (supporters of Don Carlos) • Maria Cristina as regent of her infant daughter Isabella (successor to the throne under the terms of Pragmatic Sanction • 1868 a revolution against Isabella took place and she was forced to abdicate • Alfonso XII of Spain became king, which finally brought Spain into a period of stability and reform 19th Century Philippines Economic Development • Manila-Acapulco Galleon Trade • Reforms made by Gov. Gen. Jose Basco y Vargas • Real Compania de Filipinas 1785 • Tobacco Monopoly • 1830 – growth of export economy from the British and American merchants • Philippines exported agricultural products resulting to the growth and profit of Filipino hacienderos and inquilinos of the friar haciendas • Economic Development as a whole is a non-Spanish initiative • Opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 Social Development The Native Population • PRINCIPALIA they are the rich landowners; local gov’t officials • ILLUSTRADO educated middle-class ...
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...Group Debate David Cortes BCOM/275 Due Oct. 27, 2014 Joshua Sinski Should we be worried about global warming. I personally think that we should worry about global warming. I believe that the reason that the climates are changing has much to do with human activity. Many different type of vehicles, Farm equipment, factories have been built that produce large amount of green house gas and have been slow destroying the ozone layer. We as the dominate race on this planet need to take responsibility to either slow down the effects these gas are having and continue to use renewable resources or allow our children's children to face the consequences of our mistake. In this essay I will try to bring to light what some of this effects on having on the earth. In a U.S. Censes done in 2009 among workers 16 years and over, 86.1 perscent commuted in a car, truck, or van, out of them 79.1 percent drove alone. Between 19060 and 2009 the number of vehicles on the road just in the United States alone have gone from 40 million to over 120 million. Delivery trucks are the life blood for many corporations nationwide to get their product from place to place, each truck emitting tons of carbon monoxide into the atmosphere. There are many other ways to more products that we use now that are better and more environmentally safer such as electric trains. Dr. Gavin Schmidt at the Goddard Institute for Space Studies, tells us that basically, we’re putting greenhouse gases – which are primarily...
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...Elias Cortes 100 Ordway St. Boston, MA 02215 ecortes@email.com Home 618-555-5518 Cell 580-555-0088 Overview Driven guidance counselor with extensive experience teaching and advising high school students. Fluent in Spanish; skilled at communicating and developing relationships with ESL students and their families. Developing knowledge of American Sign Language. Excellent written and oral communication skills. Education Master of Science, Counseling, XYZ University, Boston, MA Bachelor of Arts, ABC College, Saratoga Springs, NY Related Experience Guidance Counselor, Whitman Charter High School, Boston, MA Sept. 2009 – Present • Design and teach weekly course for high school seniors on college application process • Meet individually with students to discuss courses, grades, behavior, college applications, and other issues and concerns • Maintain contact with parents and guardians of students to develop a network of support and communication around each student • Implemented use of new data program in the counseling office to help counselors track student progress Assistant College Counselor, Levine Academy, Boston, MA Sept. 2007 – July 2009 • Met individually with high school seniors to discuss all aspects of the college application process • Taught summer courses on college application process to ESL students and their families • Organized college admission visits to the high school; moderated Q&A sessions and organized student interviews English...
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