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Lesson 3 essay questions

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1. Directional and disruptive selection can be compared because they both favor extreme phenotypes, they adjust to their environments over time and they both cause a shift in the distribution curve. The contrast in directional selection is the distribution curve shifts one way and only focuses on one extreme phenotype. An example of directional selection would be the gradual increase in size of the modern horse. This change occurred due to the environment changing from forest conditions to grassland conditions. The contrast in disruptive selection is the distribution curve shifts both ways and focuses on two or more phenotypes versus intermediate phenotypes. An example of disruptive selection is the British snails. They live in low-vegetation areas and in forest areas. Thrushes feed on the the snails with dark shells and no bands in the vegetation areas and they feed on the snails with the light bands in the forest areas. Therefore, these snails had to adapt to their own environment.

2. Overuse and misuse of antibiotics can cause resistant bacteria to form through natural selection. When you introduce selective pressure (antibiotics) to a bacterial infection, some of the bacteria can acquire “free” DNA from its environment. Which can mimic the antibiotics genetic make up. This causes some bacteria to create a resistant gene that can be passed to the next generation. As a result the genetically resistant bacteria keeps increasing in population. Not completing a course of antibiotics can also cause resistance bacteria to breed, by not killing off all of the bacteria in the infection.

3. The transition from aquatic to terrestrial life of vertebrae groups require four different major changes to occur. First, the sensory system (water vs air) had to change yo adapt

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