...Whistleblowing, Is it Ethical? Whistleblowing, Is it Ethical? The ethical discussion behind whistleblowing has been debated for decades. With each level of every organization seeing the act of whistleblowing from a different position it has become a topic that all business schools address. The Whistleblowing Helpline defines whistleblowing as “raising a concern about a wrong doing within an organization” (About Whistleblowing). Furthermore, whistleblowing specifically refers to the revealing of concerns about legitimate criminal or unjust acts that present danger to the environment of the organization. Therefore, the whistleblower is the person who has a concern within their organization and is moved to raise that concern to the leadership of their workplace or to an external authority (About Whistleblowing). When done in the right context and for the right reasons whistleblowing is ethically acceptable under both the Utilitarian theory and the Deontological theory of ethics. While the act of whistleblowing is considered ethical under the reasoning of these two theories, the outcome of whistleblowing is not always glorious for the whistleblower. Instead most whistleblowers raise their concerns as a means of creating a better future for the organization, as well as all of its stakeholders. An employee who chooses to be a whistleblower is often times ridiculed and despised within their organization, especially when little or nothing is done about their concerns after they are...
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...Kohlberg Hierarchy of Personal Ethical Development Kristen Leek, Steven Baker, Stephanie Berkovic, Nakoma Wells PHL/323 September 8, 2011 Byron Phillips Kohlberg Hierarchy of Personal Ethical Development Kohlberg Hierarchy of Personal Ethical Development Kohlberg’s stages of moral development uses three scenarios, also known as the Heinz dilemma to asses how an individual will react to certain problem or a specific course of action. In level one the pre-conventional morality, there is two stages. Stage one is punishment-obedience orientation. This is the concern for self with this stage. Stage two is instrumental relativist orientation. This is the concern of “what is in it for me?” The second level is conventional morality. Stage three is called the good boy-nice girl orientation. This is the concern of what other people will think or how they are perceived in society. Stage four is the law and order orientation. This is what is right is obeying the laws of society. Level three of Kohlberg’s theory is post-conventional morality. Stage five of level three is social contract orientation. The concern is social utility or public interest, the right action is one that protects the rights of the individual. Stage six is universal ethical principle orientation. The concern is for moral principles; these principles are not concrete moral rules but are universal principles of justice, reciprocity, equality and human dignity. Pre-conventional Morality The book evaluates level...
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...paper right on time. Out staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in The Importance of Engineering Ethics, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your The Importance of Engineering Ethics paper at affordable prices with livepaperhelp.com! “The Importance of Engineering Ethics” It is critical for an engineer to maintain an ethical reputation within his/her engineering career. The main principles that an engineer should work and live by are “to hold paramount the safety, health, and welfare of the public, perform services only in areas of their competence, act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees, avoid deceptive acts, and conduct themselves honorably, responsibly, ethically, and lawfully so as to enhance the honor, reputation, and usefulness of the profession” (NSPE Code of Ethics 1). It is the engineer’s responsibility to uphold his/her position to the fullest in taking everything into account before making a critical decision. Ethical and moral decisions often have severe consequences. “In a world increasingly shaped by technology, engineers have a moral obligation to consider the consequences of their choices” (Ganssle 1). It is very important for an engineer to use clear judgment when a safety problem is at stake, especially in disaster recovery. When a safety...
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...Ethics is an activity which concerns with making investigations and knowing about moral values, finding solutions to moral issues and justifying moral issues and justifying moral judgments. 2. Ethics is a means of contrasting moral questions from non-moral problems. 3. Ethics is also used as a means of describing the beliefs, attitudes and habits related to an individual’s or group’s morality. Eg. : Ethics given in the Bhagavat Gita or the Bible or the Quran. 4. As per the definition of dictionaries – ‘moral principles’ is about the actions and principles of conduct of the people. i.e. ethical or unethical. Engineering Ethics 1. Like the ethics, engineering ethics also aims at knowing moral values related to engineering, finding accurate solutions to the moral problems in engineering and justifying moral judgments of engineering. 2. Engineering Ethics gives a total view of the moral problems and how to solve these issues specifically related to engineering field. 3. Engineering ethics is also using some currently accepted codes and standards which are to be followed by group of engineers and engineering societies. 4. Engineering ethics also concerns with discovering moral principles such as obligation, rights and ideals in engineering and by applying them to take a correct decision. From these senses of Engineering ethics, one can realize that it is the study of morality. What is morality? The term ‘morality’ concerns with (a) what ought or ought...
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...Stanford Prison Experiment Dr. Phillip Zimbardo of Stanford University led a team of researchers to conduct a social experiment on the effects of imposed social roles in the penal system. Internal dispositions changed to adapt to the confinement of the prison. The behavior observed of the participants was morally repugnant and apprehensible in response to role of authority. Participants assigned to a prisoner role broke down in response to captivity. The study focused on behavioral attributes that attributed sadistic behavior to the prison environment opposed to an innate tendency towards a cruel personality (Zimbardo, 2007). The impact of Dr. Zimbardo’s study on social psychology Dr. Zimbardo’s classic psychological study relating to the psychological effects of the prisoner and prison guard relationship was momentous to social psychology. The study was influential to social psychology in the way that we were able to understand the circumstances that enable a normal, caring individual to carryout sadistic acts. Zimbardo’s prison experiment was a prison simulation based on Milgram’s research on obedience to authority. The study confirmed notions on how situations could completely corrupt human behavior (Stanley, 2006). Relevance of the Study in Relation to Contemporary World Issues The experiment influenced the sensitivity and precautions that need to be a safeguard for the prison system. Prison reforms came out of the dramatic simulation of prison life. It was insightful...
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...paper right on time. Out staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in The Importance of Engineering Ethics, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your The Importance of Engineering Ethics paper at affordable prices with livepaperhelp.com! “The Importance of Engineering Ethics” It is critical for an engineer to maintain an ethical reputation within his/her engineering career. The main principles that an engineer should work and live by are “to hold paramount the safety, health, and welfare of the public, perform services only in areas of their competence, act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees, avoid deceptive acts, and conduct themselves honorably, responsibly, ethically, and lawfully so as to enhance the honor, reputation, and usefulness of the profession” (NSPE Code of Ethics 1). It is the engineer’s responsibility to uphold his/her position to the fullest in taking everything into account before making a critical decision. Ethical and moral decisions often have severe consequences. “In a world increasingly shaped by technology, engineers have a moral obligation to consider the consequences of their choices” (Ganssle 1). It is very important for an engineer to use clear...
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...P4 & M3 Ethical concerns facing the communities Introduction I will be describing the ethical concerns facing the communities in which Apple oversees. For this part of the assignment I have chosen to continue using Apple as my selected organisation and look at them in more detail for this part of the task. Describe the ethical concerns facing the communities in which the selected business operates. Local communities Many businesses are of national importance and their activities have a crucial significance to local communities. Apple for example is a powerful presence in any community and can have an influence in many different ways. For more than 150 years, the British coalfields offered mining work to the communities around them. However, these communities were scarred for generations, because of them. Mining communities suffered a lot of environmental damage, with ugly slag heaps and, in some coalfields, serious coastal damage. Even today modern businesses leave their mark in many different ways on communities. Despite the environmental and other negative effects, local authorities still welcome new businesses. They bring jobs and cash to areas. When businesses of any size operate within a locality, there are always ethical concerns. Regional and national communities When entire communities go through difficulties, there are regional, and often national, effects. The UK car industry suffered from poor planning, inefficiency and bad industrial relations. The coal industry...
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...complex field of study; the ethics for individual and social are undefined. Though ethical codes could stretch back through history of the Ancient Greek. There have been many up to date versions of ethical codes since then, such as being respected when taking part in psychological research conducted (McGaha & Korn, 1995). Within the departments of psychology there are various ethics committee, the aim of every department is to avoid participants experiencing distress and making sure participants welfare and dignity is kept. Ethics within psychology means the researcher’s key focus have to be to reduce any sort of discomfort or risks which are involved within the study. Also preventing the participants from experiencing any long-term undesirable consequences as well as having to notifying participants on all features of the study which could have an influence on their decision to take part (Hobbs, 1948). Throughout the psychological history many research studies have been conducted by various psychologists. There have been some which have been ethically critisied, with the lack of ethics taken into consideration. The most commonly discussed research study which has many ethical issues is known to be conducted by a behavioral psychologist Stanley Milgram (1963). Leading to many discussions Milgram (1963) purpose of his study was to investigate how far an individual would obey a figure of authority (Bernstein, 2011). Stanley Milgram (1963) introduced his well-known study on obedience...
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...purpose of ethical social responsibility for an organization is based on the respect that is shown to clients, customers, partners, and the public. Disregarding many of the literal obligations on paper, a certain ethical nature is expected from employee to client, employee to consumers,and shareholder to employee. Research has shown that most organizations proves how each company would take pro-active measures to ensure that the companies ethics are followed to a certain extent in order to avoid internal and/or external conflicts. Strategic management becomes extremely critical for companies when evaluating potential ethical concerns. Expectations of ethics and social responsibility are the same in the majority of organizations, but the actions are not always existent in the workplace. This paper will discuss the ethics and social responsibility that are required in the strategic planning of the stakeholders and the management. Ethics is often referred to as a method of principal’s and rules that are applied to achieve and maintain a good society. The myth amongst many is that ethics is based on a measurement of religious value which is not true. Unethical crimes have occurred primarily in the midst of banking and finance businesses. There is a plethora of unethical practices in organizations which include corruption, morality, white-collar crime, and inside trading. Each are important topics and concerns for organizations that are planning to promote ethical and social...
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...Miami School District Negotiation Paper The stakeholders in this situation are the school authorities, students and their parents, experts involved in the redrawing plan, school employees and community or society in which the school is located and the vendors associated with the school. The negotiation strategy pursued in this situation to support the school board's need to redraw the boundaries while addressing the concerns of the stakeholders will be integrative negotiation strategy which aims at reaching to a win-win situation for all the parties in the negotiation. The word integrative means to join several parts into a whole. Conceptually, this implies some assistance, or a joining of forces to achieve something together; Usually involves a higher degree of trust and a forming of a relationship. Both parties want to walk away feeling they've achieved something which has value by getting what each wants. Ideally, it is a twofold process. Integrative bargaining also called interest-based bargaining, win-win bargaining is a negotiation strategy in which parties collaborate to find a win-win solution to their dispute. This strategy focuses on developing mutually beneficial agreements based on the interests of the disputants. Interests include the needs, desires, concerns, and fears important to each side. In the above mentioned the school board can effectively use integrative bargaining to develop an optimum solution in the best interests of both...
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...absolute Freedom of speech, civil liberties 4. Values: Used to develop socially enforced norms Integrity, accountability, trust, Norms: Accepted behaviors. Morals: Rules of right conduct: right/wrong 5. A Crisis in Business Ethics * Consumer trust of businesses is declining, No sector is exempt from ethical misconduct, Stakeholders determine what is ethical/unethical ,Investors Employees, Customers, Interest groups, Legal system, Community 6. Why Study Business Ethics? * Reports of unethical behavior are on the rise, Society’s evaluation of right or wrong affects its ability to achieve its business goals, Studying business ethics is a response to Sarbanes-Oxley, FSGO, and stakeholder demands for ethics initiatives, Individual ethics alone is not sufficient, Studying business ethics helps identify ethical issues to key stakeholders 7. A Timeline of Ethical and Socially Responsible Concerns * Environmental issue, Civil right issue, increased employee employer tension, changing work ethics and rising drug use 8. Before 1960: Ethics in Business * Theological discussions of ethics emerged Catholic social ethics included a concern for morality in business, workers’ rights and living wages * Protestants developed ethics courses in their seminaries and schools of theology The Protestant work ethic encouraged hard work 9....
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...applied to various field of business managements (Ferrell, O. C., & Ferrell, L. 2011) . For instance, the decision making processes of BOD would consider the ethical effect of the decision made and implemented without harming any of the individual around and related. Supply chain management is the management of products and services that how they are converted from materials to products and then finally deliver to the final users and customers. In the entire processes of supply chain activities, there are many of interrelated individuals and stakeholders are affected and related, therefore satisfy each stakeholder is to ensure the effectiveness of the supply chain management system. Due diligence is the duty and responsibility of managements and directors to act prudently in evaluating associated risks in all transactions and business activities in order to ensure that business are going concern and healthy in comply with legal standards. The relationship between due diligence, business ethics and supply chain management is that business will use due diligence as the way to ensure the business ethics is implemented and contribute to an efficient and effective supply chain management system of the organization that realize the benefits and interest of all related stakeholders, and thus intends to satisfy them. 2. ETHICAL ISSUE IN SCM Supply chain management is one of the crucial...
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...care of patients. It is here that we find ourselves in the conundrum that is called nursing judgment. ”The basic level of problems concerns the dilemmas which arise for individual professional when they sense that there is a conflict between their private moral convictions and what they believe is required of them…” (Thompson, 1976). Nursing judgment is hard when so many factors are present, from the patient’s viewpoint, to the family/caregiver to the physicians ultimately in charge of the care. Many complicated scenarios can occur for the RN at any time and they must base their decisions on the ethical and legal guidelines that govern the nursing profession. Body In the world of nursing we are faced with ethical decisions on a regular basis but it is how we handle these situations that makes the difference. As a nurse we are bound by the guidelines of the code of ethics. The ANA (2014) states the “Code of Ethics for Nurses is a succinct statement of the ethical obligations and duties of every individual who enters the nursing profession. “It is the profession’s nonnegotiable ethical standard” and “an expression of nursing’s own understanding of its commitment to society”. In the case of the patient admitted with a hemorrhagic stroke whose family disagreed on the plan of care, the code of ethics outlines that the patient is our primary concern. When faced with conflict the nurse should help coordinate discussion with all parties involved. Once the ethics committee convenes...
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...When George W. Bush came into office, Tenet had built supporters on both sides of the political parties. Tenet had also built support inside the intelligence community, crucially and particularly in the Directorate of Operations [DO] at the CIA. He had won support from everyone including the new President Bush. (Coll, 2006) Although Tenet had the intentions of being a great leader and rebuilding the trust of the American people there were many ethical dilemmas experienced that led to his demise. One of these dilemmas was the violation of national and international human rights. Tenet was also the “go-between” or the “mediator” with Yasser Arafat and Israeli Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu, which brought about concern within his administration. Tenent was also dishonest not only with his officials but the people of the nation. Tenet knew that information given regarding chemical weapons and Saddam Hussein were false but instead of acknowledging the truth went along with it. Lastly, Tenet’s overall loyalty brought about ethical dilemmas....
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...percent increase over 2010. But after some time he found that he had made some mistake in his report. The report had indirect effect on the demand and sales of the product and also the hiring of the employees. He was in making a decision to tell his superior authority about the mistake. But his friend suggested not telling as it may risk his job. After listening to him his decision got bias. But in my opinion an employee should immediately report and error when it is discovered. All employees, especially employees who are burdened with the task of making projections which may impact the future of the company must act with integrity. Small-business investors and leaders consistently rely on the ethical collection and delivery of financial information. “According to Mintz, “Integrity is a fundamental trait of character that enables a CPA to withstand client and competitive pressures that might otherwise lead to the subordination of judgment.” The priority must be based on the professional responsibilities first rather than looking at the personal interest first. What if the mistake is caught and then there will be no job rather than except the mistake and tell the superior authority there might be chance that the superior authority might give a chance and u can save your job. Secondly In accounting, the public interest (i.e., investors and creditors) always must be placed ahead of the one's own self-interest or the interests of others, including a supervisor or client. (Steven M...
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