...4.4 Discipline and Punish This book, published in 1975, is a genealogical study of the development of the “gentler” modern way of imprisoning criminals rather than torturing or killing them. While recognizing the element of genuinely enlightened reform, Foucault particularly emphasizes how such reform also becomes a vehicle of more effective control: “to punish less, perhaps; but certainly to punish better”. He further argues that the new mode of punishment becomes the model for control of an entire society, with factories, hospitals, and schools modeled on the modern prison. We should not, however, think that the deployment of this model was due to the explicit decisions of some central controlling agency. In typically genealogical fashion, Foucault's analysis shows how techniques and institutions, developed for different and often quite innocuous purposes, converged to create the modern system of disciplinary power. At the core of Foucault's picture of modern “disciplinary” society are three primary techniques of control: hierarchical observation, normalizing judgment, and the examination. To a great extent, control over people (power) can be achieved merely by observing them. So, for example, the tiered rows of seats in a stadium not only makes it easy for spectators to see but also for guards or security cameras to scan the audience. A perfect system of observation would allow one “guard” to see everything (a situation approximated, as we shall see, in Jeremy Bentham's...
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...Running Head: IN NEED OF REFORM The Meat Processing Industry: In Need of Reform Taylor Purucker Niles High School The Meat Processing Industry: In Need of Reform Every day, animals are sent to slaughterhouses to be processed. Packaged meats are shipped from slaughterhouses to various supermarkets, where consumers purchase it fresh, or frozen. Buyers cannot tell whether or not the meat its safe to eat; they rely on US Department of Agriculture (USDA) regulations. However, Sustainable Table says in their forum, Food Safety, “...76 million Americans suffer from food poisoning each year, causing 325,000 hospitalizations, and 5,000 deaths” (2009). Interests raise questions whether or not the USDA regulations are strictly enforced. It seems hard to believe since contaminated meat is the main cause for food-born illnesses. The recurrence of sanitary violations isn't the only dilemma; worker safety and animal health is also a problem. Workers are injured during the rapid process of processing animals; slaughterhouses process more animals an hour because of new technology. Animal's health becomes very poor after beatings and lack of nutrition. Robert Longley expresses in his report, USDA Weak in Enforcing Slaughterhouse Rules: GAO on About.com that, “GAO reported that a study of reports of actual cases of noncompliance at slaughter plants revealed 'several' incidents in which inspectors failed to stop plant operations as required by...
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...Sasha Klaeb WMST 101 7 May 2013 Assignment 4: Women and Work Question 1, The Glass Escalator: In “The Glass Escalator,” Christine Williams studies the way men are treated and their experiences when working in female dominated occupations, and finds that there exists a glass escalator for men working in these jobs. First, although Williams acknowledges that the proportion of men and women in the labor force is approaching parity, there still exists significant job segregation relating to gender. Both men and women are relegated to single sex occupations, meaning that they work in jobs that society deems more appropriate for men and women. What Williams does in this paper is different from other studies because rather than focusing on women in male dominated occupations and the barriers they face, she studies the underrepresentation of males in predominantly “female” occupations. She examines four typically female dominated occupations: nursing, librarianship, elementary school teaching and social work, and studies the implications of men working in female occupations. From these studies, she finds that unlike females in male dominated jobs, men do not face any discrimination and are in fact promoted and move up the ladder at a much faster pace than women. As one employee put it, there is a preference for men in these female occupations. Williams found that the more female dominated the job or specialty was, the greater the preference for men. The glass escalator...
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...It was near closing time in the Asch Building on March 25, 1911 when the flames began. Within 18 minutes 146 people were dead. The fourth largest industrial disaster in United States history, the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire is remembered today as a tragic incident not only because of all the deaths but because of the fact that they were preventable. The death of 146 workers, mostly young immigrant women, would have been preventable if the owners had followed regulatory precautions to ensure that their workers had accessible exit paths and a set plan of action in case of such incidents. From this horrendous inferno arose public outcry for justice and worker safety reform that led to the transformation of the labor code of New York and...
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...Easy Notecards front 1 back 1 a. Money spent on a new car could of been put in saving or used for food, clothing, vacation expenses, education expenses etc. b. When deciding how much money to allocate towards national parks, members of Congress much calculate the tradeoff with other important expenses such as national defense, infrastructure (bridges and roads), social programs, education etc. c. Opening a new factory may limit investments in other projects, operation expenses, capital on hand etc. d. Tradeoffs a professor should consider when deciding how much to prepare for a class include time spent with family, personal activities and research. e. A recent college graduate that goes to graduate school would tradeoff earning money now with a full time job and the money it costs to go to graduate school. Describe some of the tradeoffs faced by each of the following: a. a family deciding whether to buy a new car b. a member of Congress deciding how much to spend on national parks c. a company president deciding whether to open a new factory d. a professor deciding how much to prepare for class e. a recent college graduate deciding whether to go to graduate school front 2 back 2 The benefits of a vacation will vary from person to person. You are trying to decide whether to take a vacation. Most of Most people associate a vacation with relaxation, peace and a the costs of the vacation (airfare, hotel, and forgone wages) are chance to spend quality time with family...
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...Case Study Nike’s CSR Challenge Case Questions 1. In referring to the opening profile and the closing case for this chapter, discuss the challenges regarding corporate social responsibility that companies in the apparel industry face in its supply chains around the world? - There have been cases reported abusive treatments in more than a quarter of its South Asian plants. Another report is that 25%-50% of factories in the region restrict access to toilets and drinking water during the workday. The same percentage that was reported also applied to factories denying workers at least one day off of the seven days they already work. - Nike’s CSR Challenge highlighted that difficulty of bring wholesale to change to a company that isn’t centralized. Instead the challenge is now to reform the way business is done. Leadership was traditionally seen as guiding your employees towards the goal of the company. What is need is a more open form of leadership that calls for collaboration among mutually dependant parties in order to solve systemic problems. - The challenges are too reshape the signals being given out by its supply chains group to itself and its competitors. So that the companies can operate in a sustainable and just way, which is also financially viable. 2. Discuss the meaning and implications of the statement by a Nike representative that “consumers are not rewarding us for investments in improved social performance in supply chains.” - Nike starts to create a positive...
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...phenomenal growth took place in RMG exports from Bangladesh. Export of RMG increased from US $40 thousand in 1978 –79 to US $6.4 billion in 2004-05. The industry has also provided employment to nearly 2 million workers, most of them women drawn from the rural areas. Explosive growth of RMG exports is of course not unique to Bangladesh. The annual compound growth rate of RMG export industries in Indonesia (31.2%), Mauritius (23.8%), and Dominican Republic (21.1%) compares favourably with that of Bangladesh 1 (81.3%) over the 1980-87 period . However, while initial conditions were favourable for export growth in the countries noted above, this was far from true in the case of Bangladesh. This makes research into the factors responsible for the observed striking growth of RMG exports from Bangladesh a compelling case study in economic 2 development . Academics and researches have generally attributed the remarkable growth of RMG exports from Bangladesh to favourable external conditions,...
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...Solutions 1. Refer back to the four case studies which were covered as part of Question 7, Week 4. For each of these case studies calculate the Safe Lending Margin and compare it against the proposed borrowing. Comment on the overall strength of the second way out, making particular mention of whether the first and second ways out are independent. Case (a) No further information required. Commercial building and land = $650 K Treated as commercial property and extended at 50% then SLM = $325 K Against a borrowing of $500K ie. undersecured First and 2nd ways out are NOT independent Case (b) No further information required. Mandurah House valued at $560 K Perth House valued at $550 K House (Mandurah) $560 K @ 75% = $420.0 K House (Perth) $550 K @ 75% = $412.5 K 832.5 K SLM of $832.5 K vs against a borrowing of $485 K (ie. $560 K - $75 K) ie. 2nd way out is strong The 1st and 2nd ways out are independent Case (c) You will need to decide what an appropriate percentage rate is for a motor yacht to be extended at. Provide a justification of your choice. Look for some discussion of this point I would expect it to be < 50% Could even be close to zero Either way, the 2nd way out is not strong Perhaps other security will need to be provided Case (d) The total purchase price of the hardware business (of $670,000) is comprised of $360,000 of stock, $160,000 of plant...
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...Skip to content HOME BLOG A2 GEOGRAPHY Discuss the roles and relative importance of NICs and TNCs in a changing global economy. Discuss the roles and relative importance of NICs and TNCs in a changing global economy. An economy is the activities related to the production of goods and services within a specified geographic region. This can exist on a national scale, the trade and services within a country, but equally, if countries trade goods and services with each other, their economies interact, it can happen on a global scale, this is known as globalisation. This interaction of economies on a worldwide scale is else known as the global economy, and NICs and TNCs play a fundamental role in changing how it operates. An ‘NIC’, else known as a ‘newly industrialising country’ is a country where industrial production has grown sufficiently for it to become a major source of their income as a nation. A ‘TNC’ is a company that operates in at least two countries. They often have management headquarters in their home country and operate in host countries alongside; examples would include GlaxoSmithKline, BP, Wal-Mart and Coca-Cola. NICs are having a prominent impact on sculpting the global economy. They are characterised by the fact that they are gaining an increasing share of the world manufacturing output, a significant growth in their manufactured export production and a significant annual growth in their manufacturing sector. The first generation of NICs were,...
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...Executive Summary: [pic][pic]Economists often proceed with impact studies of fertilizer subsidy without first making an examination of the structure and dynamics of subsidy. This may lead to misleading focus and to seeking solutions generally in adjustment of administered prices. Substantial gains in efficiency can be realized by looking into structural questions of subsidy. The case of Bangladesh provides an example of how a proper procedure of accounting can shift the onus of correcting numerous distortions that arise from current practices, from farmers to industries. The case study also shows that farmers receive less subsidy than usually claimed and the hidden subsidy to industries is passed on to farmers. The Bangladesh case may represent developing countries in a general manner. Introduction: In the early 1970s, Bangladesh pursued a highly restrictive trade and exchange rate policy characterized by import regulations, high import tariffs, export taxes, pervasive quantitative restrictions, and an overvalued exchange rate, similar to policies of the 1960s when it was part of united Pakistan. The policy regime in the 1970s was especially restrictive for the agricultural sector.. Major reforms in markets for fertilizer and irrigation equipment markets were begun during the late 1970s (Appendix Table A8). Under the New Marketing System established in 1978, private trade in fertilizer was liberalized, leading to a large expansion in the number of wholesalers and retailers...
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...Globalization and China’s Economic and Financial Development (Preliminary draft– not to be quoted 9/8/05) Gregory C. Chow To understand China’s economic reform and development since 1978 one may conveniently divide the topic into its domestic and international aspects even though the two are closely related. It is the purpose of this essay to examine the international aspects as China has taken part in the process of world economic globalization, a salient feature of world history today. The Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping who initiated and directed economic reform from a planned to a market economy understood the importance of globalization and adopted what he called an “open-door policy” as an essential part of the reform program. The term globalization refers to the crossing of national boundaries. It means the flow of goods, capital, information/technology and people across national borders. China practiced globalization in the Han dynasty (206BC-220AD) when trade took place between the Han Chinese and neighboring people in the North-west through the Silk Route. During the Tang dynasty (618-901) trade flourished and the Silk Route expanded as Chinese traded with the Romans. However, in the Qing Dynasty and in the period of the PRC up to Deng Xiaoping’s open-door policy China tried to close its doors and resisted globalization. I will survey the accomplishments of globalization for China’s...
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...the topic of universal healthcare provision and the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Universal health care as a moral and ethical duty is stressed. Bibliography lists 11 sources. Minimum Wage, Healthcare Reform A 3 page research paper that covers two topics. The first half of the paper presents the history of the federally mandated minimum wage, and the second half discusses the Supreme Court's announcement that it will rule on the constitutionality of the Affordable Care Act's required mandate for all Americans to purchase health insurance. Bibliography lists 2 sources. ESRD in NC, Access to Care for Underprivileged A 4 page research paper that examines the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) and how it impacts care for underprivileged patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD). Bibliography lists 2 sources. Health Care Changes Resulting from the PPACA In a paper of ten pages, the author writes about the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. The author of this paper considers four changes within health care as a result of the act including changes of private insurance, changes for the state regulations, the individual mandate provision, also age related coverage and preexisting conditions. There are three sources cited in this paper. Healthcare Reform Policy Position Paper A 4 page research paper that discusses the benefits that can be derived from the Patient Protection and Affordable Care (PPAC) Act. The writer takes a stand in favor of the new...
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...environments. Such environments were having the laws to be followed closely by the people. These enclosed environments included the family, the school, the barracks, and the factory and the hospital that people would visit from time to time. Still another enclosed environment was the prison which was seen as an analogical model of laborers who were treated as prisoners. He uses the exclamations of the heroine of Rossellini’s Europa ’51 whom at the sight of some laborers was reported to have thought that she was seeing convicts. Analyzing such environments enclosure in the context of a factory Foucault explained that the major goals of a factory is to concentrate, distribute in space, order in time, compose a force of production within the dimensions of both space and time to ensure grater effect than that of the sum of its component forces. Comparison and Contrast of the Disciplined Society with Controlled Society In discipline societies an individual passes through different enclosures which can be described as independent variables. Here one is suppose to start from zero each time i.e. from the family, to the school, then to the factory and the army and in many instances the prison. In disciplinary societies the enclosures can therefore be described as molds and distinct castings. This is different in the case of control societies where the enclosures are seen as...
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...Globalization can be defined as the global integration of different worldviews, economic outlook, cultural values, and in many cases vast exploitation of workers. Women of color and women of the Third World are highly subject to globalization and the exploitation it causes. Women in Asia are greatly affected by Globalization, both politically and economically. We see in many cases in Asia how this occurs such as, corporations’ exploitation of women, challenges for the women’s movement, and the issue of sex workers and foreign brides. With the issue of exploitation of workers in corporations it becomes clear that Globalization is a huge factor in the livelihood of women in these countries. The idea of work for women has changed, we are now seeing a shift of the type of work women are doing. Before “women’s work” entailed mainly work around the house or reproductive labor. Women are becoming a main part of the productive work force and are now a part of the formalized economy. We have seen a major shift in Malaysia where there has been a huge increase of women’s participation in the formal economy. Women have taken on manufacturing jobs, government jobs, and service jobs. Globalization and Global capitalism has encouraged industrialization in Malaysia and women have been forced out of their homes to move into the more urban areas where the Free Trade Zones are (Ariffin27). According to Ariffin, women made up about thirty-eight percent of the labor market in the 1990’s. Although...
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...Foreign Companies Want to Build Factories in China United Nations data of the total foreign direct investment in 2013 shows that China attracted $ 101 billion for continuing topped the list of developing countries. Why so many foreign companies want to build factories in China. I think it has three reasons to explain this question. I will use the example of Apple to show these three reasons. First of all, China as one of the cheap labor export base all over the world, attracting a large number of foreign companies to invest in production in China. American market investment company ConvergEx Group conducted a global minimum wage ranking in August 2013. From this ranking, Australia is $ 16.88 per hour topped the list. The United States is at an intermediate position. China is $ 0.8 per hour on the 17th in this list. The group is also based on the existing minimum wage, calculated that people in countries that are listed in the number of minutes of work to buy a Big Mac hamburger. Among them, the Chinese people need to work on average about 183 minutes to buy a Big Mac price of $ 2.61, which is located in the middle and lower purchase levels. The first decade of 1978 after China started economic reforms aimed at foreign direct investment in China's main business is to establish an export base in China. While this Chinese "reform and opening" initially helpful, but such investments often only have a very low value. For example, in 2009 a study found that, despite the world's...
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