...Initial Contact: CW Holland made initial contact with both James and Misty at their home. Chandler, Carson and Sierra were in their home. CW Holland made contact with the family that night. CW spoke with the parents in the living room. Maltreatment: CW informed clean of the allegations reported to DSS: Nature: CW Holland read the allegations and explained the DSS process. CW Holland provided brochures. CW Holland spoke with Misty and James in the living room together. The children are in their bedroom. Immediately, Mr. Warren stated that DSS is the one that suspended the visitation. Misty stated that there was a DSS case with CW Sarratt. She commented that during that case, David left South Carolina and moved to Georgia. She commented that David never completed services. David agreed to suspend visitations so that DSS could close their case and he would have to file a court action to re-establish visitation. James Warren stated that the DSS investigation that had the allegations of him touching the little girl was filed three years after James separated from her mother. He commented that DSS would of known that if they did their investigations right. He commented that after the case was closed; DSS caseworker apologize about not pulling old case to establish the right timeline. James commented that if he was a threat to Chandler, he would not have custody of Chandler. He stated that he has always raised Chandler pretty much alone. He stated that the judge in Greenville gave...
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...Psychoanalysis originated with Freud’s therapy and theory of personality. Freud believed the personality consisted of three structures: the id, the ego and the superego. The id houses the desires and urges of the unconscious and constantly seeks pleasure or avoids pain by gratifying instincts through reflexive actions such as sneezing or wish fulfillment which is seeking relief from discomfort through mental images such as dreams to provide temporary relief. The ego works through intelligent reasoning and as the regulator between the id and the superego. The superego is the moral governor or conscience. When the workings of the id, ego, and superego are unbalanced, the ego may use defense mechanisms as a means to deal with stress. (Morris & Maisto, 2002) Rogers believed that each individual is born with certain skills and talents; much like genetics dictates certain aspects of appearance, so too does biology stress fulfillment of self-actualizing tendency. When self-concept and skills are balanced, Rogers referred to this as a fully functioning person. Being raised with unconditional positive regard lends oneself to being a more fully functioning person than does conditional positive regard. Rogers believed that becoming disconnected with one’s inborn potential leads them to be defensive and rigid, feel threatened and uneasy. (Morris & Maisto, 2002) Jung, one of Freud’s prior associates, disagreed with the emphasis Freud placed on sexuality and continued to develop on...
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...According to Gerrig and Zimbardo, 2008, repression is considered to be the most basic of the various ways in which the ego defends against being overwhelmed by threatening impulses and ideas. What is Repression? Repression is one of the Ego Defence Mechanisms; these are mechanism that the ego uses to defend itself in the daily conflict between id impulses that seek expression and the superego’s demand to deny. (Gerrig and Zimbardo, 2008) The definition of the word “repression” expressed in simple words is the exclusion of bad, uncomfortable experiences, ideas or impulses to the unconscious part of the brain. Therefore, we cannot really remember what happened, but still, repressed memories do not disappear. The level of “forgetting” in repression can vary from a temporary abolition of uncomfortable thoughts to a high level of amnesia, where events that caused the anxiety are stored very deep inside. Freudian Repression “The essence of repression lies simply in turning something away, and keeping it at a distance, from the conscious” Sigmund Freud, 1915. It is easy to imagine that Freud considered repression to be an enemy force because if it wasn’t treated, if the issue wasn’t resolved on time, it could lead to later misunderstandings. After all, the goal of psychoanalysis was to undo the painful consequences of repression. But still, Freud, in general, was not anti-repression. His own routines were built upon a strict self-discipline. He strongly believed in the...
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...saying about the way we experience the world? To start with we can identify three propositions. They are: 1. infantile dependency 2. repression 3. transference Freud recognized the significance of the fact that humans, contra other mammals, spend the first few years (and likely more) of their lives dependent on their caregivers for survival. Dependency is a mixed bag. Q1: Give an example of the last time you were in a situation where you felt dependent on another. On one hand, dependency can be wonderful. The beauty of infancy is that there are moments when we experience our needs a being completely met, perhaps the closest thing to paradise that we ever experience (maybe this is where the Old Testament got the idea?) However, there are other moments when our needs go unmet and there is nothing we can do about it. In these moments, we are in hell, tortured, miserable. In infancy we vacillate between these two experiences of dependency. In fact, according to Freud, the pain of infancy is so overwhelming we have to forget it. Freud has a special term to describe this kind of forgetting. He calls it repression. We make those experiences unconscious (not subconscious-Freud didn’t like that word nor did he like the buried metaphor it implied). Over his life, Freud developed two distinct theories of repression, which equated to two distinct theories of mind and treatment. The first is the topographical theory. Here the mind is divided into three...
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...When Reality is Painful … One day a man called Andrew Laeddis was back home from work discovering that his wife had killed his three children. She was mentally ill and he did not get her help though. Afterwards, Andrew murdered his wife for killing their children. As a result of being unable to accept that he had murdered his wife and the fact that she killed their children, Andrew unconsciously invented another self, created another story in which someone else had committed his own crime. Moreover he denied having any children to escape from the reality of being a murderer and being responsible for the death of his family. At the end, Andrew became mentally ill himself for refusing to accept reality. This is the story of the Movie “Shutter Island” which is an example for what is called “Defense Mechanisms” and how they have a huge effect on our lives. Due to the fact that everyday people are faced with problems, stress, conflict and emotional pain, the mind needs to be protected against these painful feelings. As a result, “Defense Mechanisms” play an important role during these times in order to protect the mind from Stress and Anxiety by “unconsciously” denying reality and refusing it. Although Defense Mechanisms have positive side that they protect the individual against painful thoughts and experiences but using them without awareness can be destructive. “Defense Mechanisms” were researched by Sigmund Freud who’s an Austrian neurologist who became well known as “Father...
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...All people use defense mechanisms, whether they be consciously or unconsciously. Anxiety may arise from an intense situation or even past experience. It is then the ego's job to displace anxiety so as to protect the rest of the mind. Through defense mechanisms such as sublimation, repression, fantasy, compulsive fun-seeking, and negativism, the ego eliminates anxiety caused by surroundings which in effect tries to prevent insanity. Fantasy is a device used to thwart reality. It involved the imagination of a fantasy life for the individual to crawl into, in essence, to escape reality. It is needed to be utilized by everyone in order to maintain sanity. If the mind were exposed to the realities of live with all it's anxieties at every minute and every second, the person would become completely insane. Fantasy raises self-esteem, brings down anxiety, and often involves the vision of a success-based life. However, if a person lives only in fantasy and never in reality, they become essentially psychotic. This person has no comprehension of reality and therefore cannot function in it. Fantasy can only function sparingly, allowing conscience control. Repression is the most unconscious form of defense mechanism. It takes harmful memories or experiences and places them in the unconscious. This way, the conscious does not have access to them and they cannot be remembered often, if at all. However, the downfall is that if these images are resurfaced, the person can be heavily damaged. Reliving...
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...repressed by the dictatorship of the corrupted church and state which throws at it the challenges to face which must be overcome in order to maintain the relationships with Nature and God. The provided visual text 49-Up (2005), produced by Michael Apted tells visually the story of Bruce’s growth from a young child every seven years until adulthood. Each of these three texts portray the cyclical nature of life to convey the transitions from the stages of innocence and happiness to the experience and indifference of adulthood. These texts also present the opportunities of moving into the world and how these opportunities may challenge an individual’s attitudes and beliefs about whether they should become separated from Nature and God through repression of external forces. William Blake’s Ecchoing Green (SOI) expresses the experience of moving into the world, it tells of the challenges and of the confrontation with personal beliefs about...
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...DFI 503 FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS AND MARKETS COURSE FACILI TATION MATERIAL COMPILED BY ANGELA M. KITHINJI UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI SCHOOL OF BUSINESS DFI 503: FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS & MARKETS COURSE OUTLINE COURSE FACILITATOR MRS KITHINJI [Financial Markets, Financial Institutions, the Power of Information, and Financial Policies] WEEK 1. An Overview of Financial Institutions and Markets • The Financial System of an Economy • The Structure of a Financial System • The Stock Market 2. Emerging Markets, African Markets and Capital Market Development • Financial Markets and the Organized Exchange • Characteristics of Emerging Capital Markets • Indicators of Capital Market Development 3. Financial Regulation, Intermediation, Capital Market Structures and Development • The Players in a Typical Capital Market: - Capital Market Intermediaries - The Regulator: The Capital Market Authority - The Stock Exchange [NSE] - Investors - Government • The Institutional, Regulatory and Legal Framework in Financial Markets - Types of Regulations in Financial Markets - Market Based Banking Regulations - Crisis in Banking Regulation. 4. Securities and Their Characteristics • Shares, Fixed Income Securities, Derivatives • Challenges of Trading of securities in the Stock Market • Why Derivatives Trading is Absent in Most Emerging Markets 5. Financial...
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...Current financial crisis and banking industry Institute of affiliation Name Current Financial Crisis and Banking Industry The current financial crisis traces its origin in the United States of America, which has affected many banks worldwide. This financial crisis especially in commercial banks has been very costly and has led to bankruptcy of major banks around the globe. Reinhart etal. (2011) described the financial crisis as an equal opportunity menace, which affects poor and rich countries. The financial crisis derives its origin from the public and private sectors. It comes in various sizes and shapes and it can spread across borders within a short time, therefore requiring coordination of policies aimed at reducing its impacts. Financial crisis usually consist of a set of events which include disruption of financial intermediation, changes in asset prices and credit volume, large scale balance sheet deviations and the increased need for government support in form of recapitalization and liquidity support. Various theories have been formulated focusing on the origin of the financial crisis which recognize the contribution of movements in assets and credit markets. This paper will focus on Normal Accident Theory and Disaster incubation theory. Perrow (1981) formulated the Normal accident theory. In his thesis, he stated that serious accidents are inevitable, especially in special technological systems. His main focus was whether the decision...
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...Indian Financial Sector Reforms: A Corporate Perspective Jayanth R. Varma Reproduced with the permission of Vikalpa, the journal of the Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad, in which the paper was first published (January-March 1998, 23(1), 27-38). Ó Vikalpa (http://www.iimahd.ernet.in/vikalpa). All rights reserved Until the early nineties, corporate financial management in India was a relatively drab and placid activity. There were not many important financial decisions to be made for the simple reason that firms were given very little freedom in the choice of key financial policies. The government regulated the price at which firms could issue equity, the rate of interest which they could offer on their bonds, and the debt equity ratio that was permissible in different industries. Moreover, most of the debt and a significant part of the equity was provided by public sector institutions. Working capital management was even more constrained with detailed regulations on how much inventory the firms could carry or how much credit they could give to their customers. Working capital was financed almost entirely by banks at interest rates laid down by the central bank. The idea that the interest rate should be related to the creditworthiness of the borrower was still heretical. Even the quantum of working capital finance was related more to the credit need of the borrower than to creditworthiness on the principle that bank credit should be used only for productive...
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...Part 3 Fundamentals of Financial Institutions Chapter 7 Why Do Financial Institutions Exist? Chapter Preview A vibrant economy requires a financial system that moves funds from savers to borrowers. But how does it ensure that your hard-earned dollars are used by those with the best productive investment opportunities? Copyright ©2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 7-3 Chapter Preview In this chapter, we take a closer look at why financial institutions exist and how they promote economic efficiency. Topics include: •Basic Facts About Financial Structure Throughout the World •Transaction Costs •Asymmetric Information: Adverse Selection and Moral Hazard Copyright ©2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 7-4 Chapter Preview (cont.) • The Lemons Problem: How Adverse Selection Influences Financial Structure • How Moral Hazard Affects the Choice Between Debt and Equity Contracts • How Moral Hazard Influences Financial Structure in Debt Markets • Conflicts of Interest Copyright ©2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 7-5 Basic Facts About Financial Structure Throughout the World • The financial system is a complex structure including many different financial institutions: banks, insurance companies, mutual funds, stock and bonds markets, etc. Copyright ©2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 7-6 Basic Facts About Financial Structure Throughout the World • The chart on the next slide shows how nonfinancial business attain...
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...Finance for SME Financing in China Introduction Currently, SME (Small And Medium-size enterprises) is the foundation of promoting national economy development, constructing the subject of market economy and promoting the development of social stability in China (Wang, 2011). In recent years, the economic situation has experienced dramatic change and this huge variation stimulates financing needs of SMEs in China greatly. Nevertheless, the majority of SMEs have financing difficulties due to their personal limitations and insufficient external support. As a result, it is hard for them to have a further development. With the advent of the information technology revolution, Internet Finance is considered as a new effective way to solve the financial difficulties of SMEs and it brings about many positive influences, although there are some negative aspects to improve. This essay will firstly inform background information about the reasons for SME financing difficulty as well as Internet finance’s current condition. Additionally, it will give evidence for the main argument that there are more positive influences than negative influences of Internet finance on minor enterprises’ financing issue. Finally, some practical suggestions will be put forward, helping Chinese SMEs to find the optimal choice in financing. Background There are more SMEs in China than before in accordance with the relevant statistics. According to Wang (2011), SMEs account for 99.9% of the total number of firms...
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...Access to Credit for SMEs: A study on Chitwan Based Enterprises Kapil Deb Subedi, HOD, Department of Management Saptagandaki Multiple Campus, TU Abstract Access to credit is crucial for the growth and survival of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs). Thus policy makers attempt to pursue financial sector policies to propel financial intermediaries to extend more credit to SMEs. Access to credit still remains a challenge to SMEs especially those in developing economies and continues to dominate discussions both within business circles and policy makers. In Nepal, for instance, a survey by Ferrari et al (2006) entitled to “Access to financial services in Nepal” indicated that lack of adequate access to credit topped factors hampering the growth of small businesses in Nepal. The general objective of this study is to explore the situation of access to finance of SMEs for their innovation and entrepreneurship. It also examines the firm specific attributes of access to bank credit in Nepal by focusing on SMEs in the Chitwan District. The study employed the quantitative approach to research in which the convenience sampling criteria was employed to select seventy-two small firms from the Bharatpur Municipality of Chitwan district. The major findings for the study indicated that there exist significantly, positive relations between certain attributes of a firm and access to credits. There are also, some firm specific attributes such as industry sector, size, collateral...
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...ABSTRACT Auditing disclosures play an important role within accounting reports as they provide a level of assurance to the users (public). These disclosures will be discussed in light of the collapse of Health International Holdings (HIH). The HIH collapse warranted a Royal Commission investigation and also recorded the biggest corporate collapse in Australia's history. Corporate failures of similar magnitude such as Enron and Parmalat have occurred elsewhere and sparked large scale investigation and media scrutiny. In all of these corporate failures, the level or absence of disclosure has had a lot to do with the unexpectedness of the collapse. This paper analyses the HIH collapse within a Foucaldian framework to demonstrate the need for accountants and auditors to work together so as to avoid criticism of the profession arising from unexpected corporate failures in the future. INTRODUCTION The purpose of this paper is to analyse the collapse of HIH and the role of its auditor, Andersen, within a Foucauldian framework encompassing archeology and genealogy of power and knowledge. The mythical Jedi force is used as a metaphor for power attained by the accounting profession through its claim to superior knowledge and skill to be applied in the public interest. Accordingly, the force includes professional ethics. The dark side is used as a metaphor for the collapse of HIH because accounting standards and practices, the accounting profession's power base, were used to conceal...
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...BANKING REFORMS IN NIGERIA AND ITS IMPLICATION FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT A CASE STUDY OF ZENITH BANK PLC CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study For more than two decades after independence, the Nigerian financial system was repressed, as evidenced by ceilings on interest rates and credit expansion, selective credit policies, high reserve requirements, and restriction on entry into the banking industry. This situation inhibited the functioning of the financial system and especially constrained its ability to mobilize savings and facilitate productive investment. In Nigeria, we have eighty-nine banks many of which have a capital base of less than US$ 10 million. This section will set out some of the factors that necessitated the need for major banking sector reforms. Through financial intermediation, banks are supposed to facilitate capital formation and promote economic growth by operating in a safe and sound manner. In the past, some financial institutions showed glaring inability to maintain an efficient flow of funds within the economic system. The sharp practices of some Banks together with the unsoundness of others led to a wide spread of financial sector distress and losses to depositors. It has been seen as a paradox that despite the size of the economy, the country’s reserves are still deposited in foreign Banks due to the low capacity of the local Banks. The sector has been highly concentrated structurally as the ten largest Banks account for...
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