...As we all know technology has led the world to many changes. There are four types of technology in particular which led to four social revolutions. These four technologies are: * Animal Domestication and Plant Cultivation * The invention of the “Plow” * The invention of the “Steam Engine” * The invention of the “Microchip” These technologies not only caused changes in society but they also caused several consequences within society. The first technology is Animal Domestication and Plant Cultivation and some of the consequences which led to the first social revolution are as follows. Animal Domestication and Plant Cultivation allowed the supply of food to become more dependable triggering groups to grow larger. As groups became larger a Division of Labor was created because it was no longer necessary for people to work to provide food. Therefore, the business of trade was initiated, due to everyone having a surplus of objects. Afterwards, social inequality began to take place because everyone began to trade and groups began accumulating even more objects. I can imagine that this must have created some form of jealousy within the groups causing feuds and war with one another. As some people accumulated more and more objects, the wealthier and more powerful they became. All the power and wealth which was obtained was then passed down, allowing their descendant’s to inherit all the wealth, which in turn gave then power. The second social revolution was caused by the invention...
Words: 951 - Pages: 4
...Technology has been a primary driver of social change for thousands of years. In particular, four technological innovations were responsible for social revolutions: The domestication of plants and animals over ten thousand years ago, the invention of the plow, the invention of the steam engine, and the invention of the computer all led to massive social change (Henslin 390). The transition from hunting and gathering to a pastoral society changed earlier societies by enabling them to abandon migratory practices and establish fixed residences. The invention of the plow revolutionized agricultural techniques and increased yields, allowing societies to sustain larger populations. The invention of the steam engine in the 18th century transformed the transportation capabilities of society and spurred further innovation as people and materials could be quickly transported on land for distances previously unimaginable. Finally, it is difficult to understate the ways in which the microchip and personal computer have fundamentally altered the organization of society; the instant access to and constant flows of information have changed communication, education, and business in modern society. In light of the social change wrought by these technological innovations, sociologist William Ogburn argued that technology was the basic cause of social change. In particular, he identified three processes by which technology drove social change: Invention, discovery, and diffusion. While...
Words: 447 - Pages: 2
...One of the main forces that shape social change over the past centuries is technology. There are four technological innovations were considered accountable for social revolutions: The domestication of plants and animals over the centuries, the invention of the plow, the invention of the steam engine, and the invention of the computer all led to massive social change (Henslin 390). The transition from hunting and gathering to a pastoral society changed earlier societies by enabling them to abandon drifting practices and establish fixed residences. The invention of the plow revolutionized agricultural methods and increased yields, allowing societies to support larger populations. The invention of the steam engine in the 18th century converted the transportation capabilities of society and spurred additional improvements as people and materials could be quickly transported on land for distances in the past was unthinkable. Finally, it is difficult to understate the ways in which the microchip and personal computer have fundamentally altered the organization of society; the instant access to and constant flows of information have changed communication, education, and business in modern society. In light of the social change produced by these technological innovations, sociologist William Ogburn claimed that technology was the basic cause of social change. In particular, he identified three processes by which technology drove social change: Invention, discovery, and diffusion....
Words: 451 - Pages: 2
...Part 1: Introduction to Sociology – Social Stratification | Slide # | Slide Title | Slide Narration | Slide 1 | Introduction | Welcome to Introduction to Sociology. In this lesson we will introduce and discuss Social Stratification.Next slide. | Slide 2 | Topics | The following topics will be covered in this lesson:What Is Social Stratification?;Caste and Class Systems;The Functions of Social Stratification;Stratification and Conflict; andSocial Stratification: Facts and Values.Next slide. | Slide 3 | What Is Social Stratification? | Social stratification is a system by which a society ranks categories of people in a hierarchy. The study of social stratification across cultures shows that it has four basic principles.First, Social stratification is a trait of society. While personal ability and achievement play an important role in a person’s position in the stratification hierarchy, it is also a function of the social organization one operates under. As an example, children who are born into a wealthy family are more likely to enjoy good health, do well in school, succeed in a career, and live a long life.Second, Social Stratification persists over generations. We can see that stratification influences society by observing how parents pass along their social position to their children. Social mobility, a change in one’s position in the social hierarchy, is a product of a high-income society, but it is constrained by the social stratification processes. In America...
Words: 4206 - Pages: 17
...HISTORY OF ARNIS The History of Arnis dates back before the colonization of the Spaniards, during those periods it was called Kali and the techniques of the art is focused on bladed weapons fighting. Kali was widely practiced throughout the archipelago; both nobleman and commoners were enthusiast and practitioners of the said art. Also during those days Kali is being taught in a school like training grounds, which was called Bothoan along with military tactics, Alibata (Native Alphabet), and herbal medicines. On the dawn of April 27, 1521 the Portuguese navigator and warrior named Ferdinand Magellan was defeated by a native warrior chief named Lapu-lapu this was the recorded incident which Kali was used against foreign invaders. Forty years after that event, on April of 1564 another warrior navigator from Spain named Miguel De Legaspi landed in Abuyog Leyte Philippines. He was aware of the unfortunate fate of Magellan so took a non-hostile approach to avoid battle with the native. He befriend the warrior chief Malitik, it is at this point he witnessed the deadly fighting skills of the natives through a demo to entertain them. Afterwards he traveled to the nearby island of Sugbo and met another warrior chief named Tupas, he took a non-hostile approach to again avoid confrontation. For the second time he witnessed the formidable fighting techniques of the natives through a demo. Years have passed by Spain was able to colonize the Archipelago thru the use of religion and what...
Words: 1479 - Pages: 6
...Theories of Social Movements Relative Deprivation Theory Relative deprivation theory, developed by Denton Morrison (1971) is a more general theory about why individuals join social movements. A person experiences relative deprivation when she feels that she is not receiving her “fair share” of what seems to be available. Therefore, the people who are the worst off are not necessarily the ones experiencing relative deprivation. For instance, research in the Civil Rights movement showed that African Americans who were the most active were not most deprived but were fairly well-off, such as college students or religious leaders but they were the ones who felt the most relatively deprived. Key to the idea of relative deprivation is the notion of expectations, that is, what people think they deserve and want in life. If these expectations are met, people do not experience discontent or relative deprivation. On the other hand, if people compare themselves to their reference groups and find that they have less, they will experience relative deprivation. If an individual feels that everyone else seems to be wealthier or generally seems to have it better, they will experience relative deprivation. A second key to the idea of relative deprivation is the notion of legitimate expectations. Relative deprivation is not simply the idea that people want what everyone else has. It is the idea that they think they deserve it and have a right to it. Therefore, if they do not get what they...
Words: 4562 - Pages: 19
...Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan 18, Institutional Area, Shaheed Jeet Singh Marg, New Delhi - 110 602. SUPPORT MATERIAL YEAR 2012-13 SUPPORT MATERIAL CLASS X – Social Science Chief Patron Shri Avinash Dikshit Commissioner KVS, New Delhi Patron Shri J.M Rawat Deputy Commissioner KVS, Jaipur Region Guidance Sh.K.R Choyal Assistant Commissioner KVS, Jaipur Region Sh. Dr. R.K Agarwal Assistant Commissioner KVS, Jaipur Region Convener Ms. Urmil Meena Principal, K.V. No. 1, Alwar Prepared By Mrs. P. Dixit Principal K. V. No. 4, Jaipur Mr. Anil Kumar Daila TGT (S.ST.) K. V. No. 1, Alwar Mrs. Veena Michael TGT (S.St.) K. V. No. 5, Jaipur Mr. D.C. Garg TGT (S.St.) K. V. Zawar Mines Mr. Manoj Singh TGT (S.St.) K. V. No. 1, Alwar Mrs. Sunila Thapar TGT (S.St.) K. V. Phulera Reviewed by Shri U.R Meghwal Convener Principal K.V Bhilwara Shri M.M. Sharma PGT (History) K.V Nasirabad Shri...
Words: 31003 - Pages: 125
...A belief system is a set of mutually supportive beliefs. Many sociologists see science as a product of the process of rationalisation that began with the Protestant Reformation of the 16th century and its success has spread to a widespread ‘faith in science’. Whereas ideology is a belief system by definition - a worldview or a set of ideas and values. Science has had a huge impact on society in the last few centuries with medicines curing fatal diseases and advances in communication and technology. Science and technology has revolutionised economic productivity and raised standards of living. This success has led to a widespread belief in science; believing science can ‘deliver the goods’. However, this faith has been dimmed by science causing problems. For example pollution, weapons and global warming are products of science. While science protects us from natural dangers, it creates its own manufactured risks. However the good and bad effects of science show features distinguishing it from other belief systems – known as its cognitive power. It enables us to explain, predict and control the world in a way that non-scientific or pre-scientific belief systems cannot do. According to Popper, science has been so successful in explaining and controlling the world because it is an ‘open’ belief system. This means that every scientist’s theories are open to scrutiny, criticism and testing by others. As a result, science is governed by the principle of falsification - scientists...
Words: 2153 - Pages: 9
...“The Facebook Revolution”: Social Networking Sites and the correlation with The January 25 Revolution. 1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Information and communication technology increasing with the growing variety of Internet based applications. This new media is not only "library information" to facilitate the dissemination of information to a universal audience, but even more than that. This media is also a powerful tool for communication activities. Furthermore, with Web 2.0 technology, design and use of the Internet has changed much work to do with this new media that Levinson (2009) call this "new new media"- more new than the new media- which shows variances against the classic new media such as e-mail and websites. This media is not merely a tool to facilitate distribution, archiving and text-based, but has become a tool for social media who have the capability delivering media content and providing interaction facilities between readers and writers. Andreas Kaplan and Michael Haenlein (2010) define social media as "a group of Internet-based applications that build on the ideological and technological foundations of Web 2.0 and that allow the creation and exchange of user-generated content (photos, videos, links, etc.)." In addition, it is also one of the latest communication channels that enable dissemination and sharing of information can be done quickly and widely through the new media. Undeniably, the year 2008 is seen as...
Words: 3378 - Pages: 14
...the competing perspectives? Which do you think is most useful, and why? 5 points Chapter three focuses on the relationship between population growth and economic development. Livi-Bacci provides potential relationships between the two by focusing on certain theories. This chapter opens up with the two competing perspectives of these potential relationships. The first is seeing population growth as a negative force, putting pressure on fixed or limited resources, eventually leading to an increase in poverty. Malthus backs up this negative relationship perspective with the law of diminishing returns. Diminishing returns will occur when population growth increases and, in a fixed environment, a point is reached, causing the output to diminish gradually. Diminishing returns will cause for poverty, while the fixed, limited resources will level off. Malthus argues that population growth is determined by the growth of the economy. The Malthusian model demonstrates population checks, keeping the fate of the population in the hands of...
Words: 1833 - Pages: 8
...SOCIAL INNOVATOR SERIES: WAYS TO DESIGN, DEVELOP AND GROW SOCIAL INNOVATION DANGER AND OPPORTUNITY CRISIS AND THE NEW SOCIAL ECONOMY Robin Murray 2 TITLE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This essay was written while the author was a Visiting Fellow at NESTA and forms part of a series of publications on methods of social innovation led by the Young Foundation with the support of NESTA. I would like to thank NESTA for their support, and in particular Dr Michael Harris, as well as my colleagues at the Young Foundation, Julie Caulier-Grice and Geoff Mulgan, all of whom have given valuable comments on the text. Published September 2009 CONTENTS 1 CONTENTS 1. The argument 2 5 9 23 39 52 54 55 2. The context of crisis 3. The emerging economic landscape 4. Can the new social economy respond? 5. Social innovation and the crisis of policy Bibliography Weblinks Endnotes 2 DANGER AND OPPORTUNITY CRISIS AND THE NEW SOCIAL ECONOMY 1 THE ARGUMENT The rise of the new social economy This pamphlet argues that the early years of the 21st century are witnessing the emergence of a new kind of economy that has profound implications for the future of public services as well as for the daily life of citizens. This emerging economy can be seen in many fields, including the environment, care, education, welfare, food and energy. It combines some old elements and many new ones. I describe it as a ‘social economy’ because it melds features...
Words: 22113 - Pages: 89
...Chapter 17 The Industrial Revolution Learning Outcomes After reading this chapter, you should be able to do the following: 17-1 Describe and discuss the development of the Industrial Revolution in America after the Civil War, concentrating on the major industries and their leaders. 17-2 Describe how America’s regional and local markets merged into one truly national market and how this influenced the consumer demand for products and services, as well as some of the costs associated with the transition. 17-3 Discuss the functioning of national, state, and local politics during the late 1800s. 17-4 Describe the formation of the early labor unions in the United States, including their goals, activities, and situations at the end of the nineteenth century. 290 C h apt e r 15 The Continued Move West “ The world that had consisted of small farms, artisans’ workshops, and small factories transformed into a full-scale industrial society. ” As the process of ensuring political, economic, and social rights of African Americans waned during the 1870s, most Americans turned their attenNo invention had more lasting impact than the incandestion to another transformation cent light bulb. brought on by the Civil War: the Strongly Disagree Strongly Agree Industrial Revolution. During 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 the half-century between 1865 and 1915, the United States evolved from a relative...
Words: 10590 - Pages: 43
...some authors? It went from ‘marginal’ status to powerful region in a few hundred years. What did this process look like? Be sure to address this at the various levels (ideological, behavioral, institutional, material etc.). Are there reasons for this dominance that are more important than others? Looking back at the world in the past few hundred years, it would have been difficult to imagine that one day, majority of Western Europe would come to dominate the world in global economy (Landes, European Exceptionalism: A Different Path, 1998). Frank (2001) described the process of which the western society overcame pre-modern growth restraints and risen during the 19th century as the most powerful and wealthy region, as ‘The Great Divergence’ (Also commonly referred to as ‘the European miracle’ (Jones, 2003)). This essay will explore the development of European civilization through examining the revolution of commercial, industrial, agricultural, scientific, and the beginning of colonial empires. Also, we will look at various works of many authors and their theories regarding how and why the process of Great Divergence occurred. This includes the change in economical effects, the role of government, culture, the technological development, and innovation. In addition, we will briefly explore the previously developed areas; such as China and compare them to European civilization. The approximate beginning of ‘great divergence’ has been debated between many authors, being as early as...
Words: 2488 - Pages: 10
...norms and morality from individual to individual and from relationship to relationship.” (Beck, U and Beck-Gernsheim, E. 1995:p5). Through history there has been a varied view on the family, with changes in the functions, roles and relationships within the family being widely debated. There has been a major development with the types of family that exist in Britain today, with influences from the widening ethnicity of Britain it has adapted to many different cultures. Functionalism is considered the consensus view of the family. They see the family as a vital organ and the cornerstone of society. George Peter Murdock conducted a study entitled “social structure” (1949), in which he studied 250 societies both small and large. He claimed the findings of this was that some sort of family existed in every society which means the family is universal. (Haralambos, Holborn. 2008). According to Murdock the family is an institution which fulfils the functions essential for a harmonious society. He believed the family provided a stable environment hence strengthening the emotional bond between parents and children. Murdock believed that the family performed four essential functions sexual, reproductive, economic and educational. (Taylor. 1995). However Talcott Parson suggested that the family lost most of its main functions through industrialisation. He believed that through industrialisation the agrarian extended family was replaced by the ‘nuclear family’ to best fit the needs...
Words: 3558 - Pages: 15
...functionalism was first established in 1896 by the publication of John Dewey’s article “The Reflex Arc in Psychology. Functionalism can be defined as a broad school, which focuses on the function of the mind and mental processes, as opposed to the structure of the mind. The school also focuses on how behaviour allows individual adjustment to the environment (Hergenhahn, 2009). The purpose of this essay is to highlight the importance of knowing how the school originated and the basic principles such as; stream of consciousness, habit and instincts, the self and emotions, which shape what functionalism is today. Furthermore it is important to recognise the substantial contributions functionalism made to the broader psychology field such as; applied psychology, memory and behaviourism. Moreover it is important to acknowledge that introspection was the main approach many functionalists perceived to be authentic. Although a further recommendation for research could be how society’s fixation on technology influences an individual’s mind and body in regards to adaptation to the environment. Functionalism: Historical origin, principles and contributions to the field of Psychology Functionalism is an approach that has not been defined with clarity (Hergenhahn, 2009). Although Hergenhahn (2009) defines functionalism as a broad school, which focuses on the function of the mind and mental processes, as opposed to the structure of the mind. Functionalism also considers how behaviour aids an individual...
Words: 1358 - Pages: 6
