...Essay Title: Is Global Civil Society an answer to War? Introduction War is not a modern phenomenon but as old as human existence itself. Wars are not like natural calamities or phenomenon but are very much part of human existential dynamics that seeks both peace and ability to survive acknowledging its natural competitive behaviour which unlike realist assumptions is conditioned and not natural. However, realism has dominated the field of international relations since the end of World War 11. It dominates political thinking, with exclusive emphasis on the state as the primary actor in world politics. Realists display a very overt pessimistic view of human nature, advocating with religious conviction that selfish human nature drives international relations into conflicts subjugating state to resort to organized violence and wars in order to gain upper hand and to always resort to wars to resolve international conflicts. Thus resulting in a system framed to maximize state’s military power in a predominantly anarchical environment. As a distinct school of thought, Realism emphasizes separation from domestic to international with little or no democratic structures within its sphere. Consequently, warfare has remained an institutionalized social order against the predatory behavior of others and consequently a legitimate instrument of survival. Moreover, growth in the size of armies and the development of weapons technology has led to an increase in the frequency of wars resulting...
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...Education for a Global Knowledge Society (EDUC 1103) ESSAY QUESTION QUESTION B: ‘Equity’ is a complex and contested concept. i) Provide a detailed explanation of the concept of EQUITY in education, and why it has become a key goal of many education systems around the world. (10 marks) ii) In Australia, the issue of provision of government funds to non-government (‘private’ or fee paying) schools is often identified as an issue of equity. Discuss the arguments FOR and AGAINST governments allocating funds to non-government schools in some countries, such as Australia, and include a justification of your OWN VIEW on this issue. (12 marks) iii) CRITICALLY ANALYSE the following statement: “ Education reproduces inequalities in society”. (10 marks) An extra 3 marks will be allocated to overall quality of writing & referencing TOTAL = 35 MARKS References: http://www.oecd.org/education/school/38692676.pdf http://www.unicef.org.au/Upload/UNICEF/Media/Our%20work/childfriendlycrc.pdf http://www.interesjournals.org/full-articles/equity-response-in-formal-education-a-case-of-secondary-school.pdf?view=inline http://isca.edu.au/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/PPI-Paper-1-Equity-and-Education.pdf 2500 Words Introduction Concept of Equity X2 Positives Negatives Provide Evidence to support your argument Critically Analyse Conclusion Equity in Education: The idea of equity within society is a highly complex and contested issue, which lends itself to various...
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...Policy 2007-2008 Governance, Institutions and the Global Political Economy Assessed Essay Question: Outline the types of institutions which comprise the emerging global civil society. What is their potential for contributing to ‘globalization with a human face’? Essay Number: 707004 Word Count: 3491 I. Introduction While globalization processes have propelled the world into an era of shrinking borders, rapid technological advances and intensifying connectedness, global civil society has risen at an equally rapid pace. Though global civil society is not a new phenomenon, the realm has become increasingly compelling in light of the explosion of civil society institutions that constitute a truly global sphere (Falk, 2000). By 2002, more than 30,000 international nongovernmental organizations existed alongside more than 20,000 global civil society networks, ninety percent of which had emerged during the previous three decades (Edwards, 2002). As numbers continue to increase, the true estimate of global civil society institutions is likely in the millions (Matthews, 2003). The growth of global civil society in the era of globalization leads naturally to questions regarding the institutions included in this sector and their contributions to the processes of globalization. Consequently, this essay will review the institutions that comprise the emerging global civil society and critically assess their potential to promote ‘globalization...
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...| Area in the syllabus | Essay Title | Essay Title In your own words | Theories o religion: | Religious organisationsTypologies | Religious organisationsWhy people join. | Religious organisationsdevelopment | NAMs/NRMs | Religion in global context:Secularisation | Religion in a global contextFundamentalism- | Religion and social Change | Religion as source of conflict or consensus | Religiosity: Class | Religiosity: Age | Religiosity: Gender | Religiosity: Ethnicity | Belief Systems: Religion | Belief Systems: Science: | Belief Systems: ideology | Jun12 | Religion is still the most significant ideological influence in the world today. ’To what extent do sociological arguments and evidence support this view? (33 marks) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Critically examine sociological views of sects in society today. (33 marks) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Using material from Item A and elsewhere, assess the view that women are no longer oppressed by religion. (18 marks) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Jan 12 | The growth of New Age and similar movements is evidence of a spiritual revolution in society today.’ To what extent do sociological arguments and evidence support this view? (33 marks) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Assess the usefulness of functionalist theories in understanding religion today.(33 marks) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Using...
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...Base/mode of production HM Economic base/infrastructure: forces of production: raw material, social creations necessary for the society to engage in economic production, technology, natural resources related skills and knowledge. Relations of production: owndership of the forces of prod, some owned communally, others were private ownership and compel others groups to work for it superstructure HM all aspects of society not included in the base, religion, philosphy, politics, the fam, law, art CHANGE IN ECON BASE CHANGE IN SUPERSTRUCTURE Simple Societies Not dependent on any other society; little political organization, division by gender Compound Societies Greater division of labor, stratification, composite groups formed Doubly compound All doubly compound societies are settled, non-nomadic, political organization more elaborate, caste system, towns and roads Trebly compound societies Extensive territorial scope of society; Great civilizations, productive, distributive capcity, regular exchange with other societies Historical Materialsm was also a reaction to important contemporary societal and intellectual developments: Lenski: Technology used to adapt to environment; Outcomes: Surplus production, Population growth, Stratification, occupational specialization Harris: Cultural Materialsm (best for preindustrial) Theory Mechanism: Population growth & technological processing deplete the environment, cause decline in living standards...
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...The peoples of the dominant human societies lost their sense of attachment to the living earth, and societies became divided between the rulers and the ruled, exploiters and exploited. The brutal competition for power created a relentless play-or-die, rule-or-be-ruled dynamic of violence and oppression and served to elevate the most ruthless to the highest positions of power. Since the fateful turn, the major portion of the resources available to human societies has been diverted from meeting the needs of life to supporting the military forces, prisons, palaces, temples, and patronage for retainers and propagandists on which the system of domination in turn depends. Great civilizations built by ambitious rulers fell to successive waves of corruption and conquest. The primary institutional form of Empire has morphed from the city-state to the nation-state to the global corporation, but the underlying pattern of domination remains. It is axiomatic: for a few to be on top, many must be on the bottom. The powerful control and institutionalize the processes by which it will be decided who enjoys the privilege and who pays the price, a choice that commonly results in arbitrarily excluding from power whole groups of persons based on race and gender. Herein lies a crucial insight. If we look for the source of the social pathologies increasingly evident in our culture, we find they have a common origin in the dominator relations of Empire that have survived largely intact in spite...
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...11/29/15 John Kalafatic Mr. Chapman The Impact of Technology on Society The Internet is the decisive technology of the Information Age, and with the introduction of wireless communication in the early twenty-first century, it is possible that humankind is now almost entirely connected, albeit with great levels of inequality in bandwidth, efficiency, and price. People, companies, and institutions feel the depth of this technological change, but the speed f the transformation has triggered all manner of good and bad perceptions that, when examined closely through research turn out not to be accurate. For instance, media often report that excessive use of the Internet increases the risk of isolation, alienation, and withdrawal from society, but available evidence shows that the Internet neither isolates people nor reduces their sociability; it actually increases sociability, civic engagement, and the intensity of family and friendship relationships, in all cultures. Our current “network society” is a product of the digital revolution and some major social changes. ne of these is the rise of the “Me-centered society,” marked by an increased focus on individual growth and a decline in community understood in terms of space, work, family etc. However, individuation does not mean isolation, or the end of community. Rather, social relationships are being reconstructed on the basis of individual interests, values, and projects. Communities are formed with individuals common...
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...outcomes in democratic elections. The past decade has seen the rapid development of technology in all spheres of public and private activity, mainly with significant benefits to society. Notably, the Internet, mobile technology and social networks have facilitated the development of new business and communication models that have enabled global access to services and resources that previously were inaccessible. While we cannot deny the benefits, there is growing discontent, much like during the...
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...a positve effect on human life. All people need to study. Only with the advent of education can people gain knowledge and enlarge their view over the world. For example, learning by watching TV or reading books gives people a huge amount of information about anything they are interested in such as mathematics, current news, exchange rates, other countries' cultures and so on. Apparently, people may become more useful and civilzed if better educated. In areas where residents are not able to receive an appropriate education, life cannot be as thriving and properous as locations where there is a high standard for education. Secondly, education plays such a rudimentary role on our society that we cannot even imagine a life without it. It is a determined element for the civilization of human society. Not only does It helps us develop healthy surroundings but it also generates an advance community. As a matter of fact, everything we create today is based on the knowledge that we obtain throughout our life by way of education. This assists scientists in inventing equipment and devices, resulting in a high technology nowadays. The more developed life becomes, the more necessary education is for everyone. Although education has a significant influence on life, the average education is not the same in different areas. As a result, strategies are being made to resolve the problems. Without education, life would be disastous and detrimental. Consequently, to this day, we are trying...
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...technology, developing right-based societal relationships, upholding religious values at the personal level, political commitment and governmental undertaking at the macro-level can help ensure a healthy ageing and active later life. Policy responses to ageing until now have tended to focus only on the provision of medical care and income security for older persons, which remain important but have been inadequate compared to the rate of ageing occurring now and projected to intensify in the coming decades. Population ageing is a by-product of scientific development in human societies bound to remain a dominant social problem throughout the 21st century. It is also gaining increasing recognition as one of the most influential forces of change in societies; becoming one of the defining global issues to shape the future of the world's societies. Ageing has an influence on development and interacts with global patterns in labour and capital markets, governmental pension services and...
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...Business ENIVERONMENT | | UNIVERSITY OF SUNDERLAND, LONDON CAMPUS TEAM MEMBERS: * 139130119{MICHAEL DAMILOLA OLAGBENRO} * 139088348{ABIOLA BANJO} * 129142654{YAKOOB MULLASSERY} * 139131770{OPEYEMI ADEKOLA SADIQ} | [topic:ARE CULTURES CONVERGING ACROSS THE WORLD] | The information and research was provided by the term members | ARE CULTURES CONVERGING ACROSS THE WORLD? INTRODUCTION The best way to describe or explain culture is to have a deep think of people and its natural environment in terms of language, dress style, education and the way people interact with one another in different ways of life. ORIGIN OF CULTURE The inception of society is Atlantis, the lost island, minutely gathering data from aged sources and mythology. (Dietrich, 2014) As regards this investigation, Morocco is one of Atlantis' first states, from where Atlantic culture spread first to Ireland, and to Libya and Egypt. Public opinion spread from West to East, while improvement spread from East to West. He accurately differentiates between pop culture from one viewpoint and human headway on the other: By public opinion he infers religion, divine creatures, myth, science, history, rationale. Public opinion is a significant fact that transcends this world. (Dietrich, 2014) Kauffman proposes an option situation that does not involve the synchronization of various implausible occasions. He recommends that...
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...clothing, and shelter. Poverty is primarily caused by hunger, illness, and thirst and affects the entire society by generating many problems and making people to live substandard lives. It is normally classified in absolute and relative poverty. Absolute poverty refers to a state of not being able to obtain basic needs such as food, shelter and clothing that are very important in sustaining life. Relative poverty, on the other hand, is a state of not being able to obtain resources in relation to a certain mean resource and normally applies to people who are not able to meet societal social needs. According to Townsend (1979), a family is considered to be in relative poverty if it is not able to afford the required diet, get involved in societal activities, and use basic health and educational facilities. Problems connected to poverty bring political, economic, and social disorder in the society. There are two theories that apply to poverty; conflict theory and structural theory. Conflict theory explains that poverty leads to class conflict in a society (Giddens & Simon, 2006). This comes as a result of the oppression of the poor by the rich. It says that conflict must remain in order to create a positive change in the society and that the wide gap between the rich and the poor is very significant. Structural function theory explains that poverty has a purpose in the society since it motivates people to work hard (Andersen & Taylor, 2006). This ensures that all jobs are attended...
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...it's important to identify the causes of discrimination. Ignorance, fear and stereotyping Discrimination is often based on ignorance, fear and stereotypical viewpoints. For example, religious and/or sectarian discrimination is often fuelled by people living and working in separate communities and therefore not having ample opportunity to interact with people from the other group. Discrimination in Northern Ireland has not been helped by the fact that most children either go to protestant or catholic schools and many grow up in neighborhoods that are largely divided along the same lines. The erecting of walls (either real or psychological) between communities is a perfect breeding ground for discrimination. It is the responsibility of society to reject a "them and us" mentality wherever it is encountered and to ensure that young people get the opportunity to mix with people who have different backgrounds or characteristics. Irresponsible behavior by politicians, the media and other influential groups Most people get their views on a wide range of social and political topics from consuming media (TV, radio, Internet, newspapers, etc.) and listening to the views of politicians, religious leaders and other people who have some form of...
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...every 18 months. In a society constantly striving to become bigger and more profitable, a new era of advanced technologies has been adopted to perpetuate itself ahead of the global race for expansion. However, the mass development of new innovations in technology has not gone without a noticeable impact across all domains of society. As the transition into the future rapidly ensues, social and economical impacts have become more and more prevalent. One question to be considered in the race to improve and expand the nation is whether or not there is an equal amount of attention and emphasis being put on preserving our social values versus the importance put on pursuing economical gain. Many argue that the introduction of technology into modern society has brought about a world of positive change through which has offered immense advancements in global connectivity, efficiency, and quality of life. While the majority of new technologies are individually worthy of being considered great accomplishments throughout the technological world, they have collaboratively worked together to create an abundance of distractions throughout school and the work place as well as contribute to diminishing traditional values and overall quality of life, leading society to suffer lasting consequences as a result. In this paper, I aim to expose the underlying dangers posed by the ever-expanding presence of new technologies, as well as bring light to the negative impacts society, and its values as a...
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...68: Risk Society: Towards a New Modernity – Ulrich Beck Definition: Risk Society – a society increasingly preoccupied with the future, which generates the notion of risk. Globalizing the risks of civilization - The risks of civilization can be described in a formula: poverty is hierarchic, smog is democratic. - With the expansion of modernization risks, besides problems with endangering nature, health and food supply, social differences and limits are relativized. - Risk societies are not exactly class societies because their “risk positions” are classless. - Problems with globalization: o Food chains connect everyone on earth o Acid content of the air is destroying art sculptures o Modern geographical borders and barriers are being destroyed because of acid content of the air, i.e. Canadian lakes and Scandinavia Rationalization and Relativism - When everything turns into a hazard, nothing seems dangerous anymore. - “Ignorance is bliss.” - Risk society switches from hysteria to indifference. Boomerang Effect - Eventually risks and hazards catch up with those who create and profit from creating the risks and hazards. (Karma) Ecological devaluation and expropriation - Boomerang effect also affects media, money, property and legitimation. - The destruction and endangering of nature and the environment have devaluation in property rights. - “Everything which threatens life on this earth also threatens the property and commercial interests of those...
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