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Happy All the Time

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產業追蹤報告

產業報告主題:電池、電動車、太陽能產業的趨勢與分析
電池產業 一、重大變動與未來趨勢
電池依種類分為一次電池與二 次(充電)電池,一次電池與二次 電池中的鉛酸蓄、鎳氫電池等目 前在全球已趨於商品化,需求量 穩定但是無顯著後續成長動能。 未來市場規模最具成長性的為 鋰電池,包含鋰離子與鋰高分子 電池,目前已運用於蘋果 Mac Book Air、蘋果、HTC 高階智慧型手機等。 鋰電池的產業鏈包含上游電池材料、中游電池芯以及下游電池模組與終端應用,其中台灣廠 商在上游材料的產能市占不到 3%,正極材料目前以鋰鈷鎳錳三元系材料為主,而未來發展的趨 勢是磷酸鋰鐵,主因其成本較其他正極材料低,台廠目前占全球磷酸鋰鐵的產能市占約 40%(1800 噸/4200 噸),可謂上游材料中稍具市場競爭態勢的環節。 中游電池芯主要生產國同上游材料廠商一樣皆以日本、韓國、大陸為主,台灣唯一進入全球 產能前十大的電池芯廠商為能元科技,但他的市占率根據工研院的分析師指出約只有 0.71%,不 到 1%,而台灣其他廠商主要在發展電動車的動力電池,如必翔發展電動車電池芯與電池模組, 期望能夠早一步搶占電動車商機。但電池芯目前雖然供給和需求差距不大,但仍有供過於求的情 況,導致電池芯報價持續下降,降低其生產毛利,但有利於下游電池模組降低成本,使得鋰電池 的終端應用如 NB、平板電腦、手機等廠商有機會壓低生產成本。 下游電池模組部分,為台灣最具競爭優勢的一環,電池模組是在為電池芯設計外包的電路, 然後將其組裝在終端應用設備裡,因為仍需技術研發,所以有一訂的進入障礙,台灣電池模組目 前占全球市占約 40%,以新普、順達科、加百裕三家廠商為主,新普市占約 24%、順達和加百裕 加總約 20%,但目前可能面臨中游電池芯廠商想要做垂直整合的挑戰,故新普、順達皆積極布局 大陸電動車電池模組的市場,其能在未來電動車市場進入成長期之後,獲得新的成長動能。

二、訂價、產品競爭、技術創新與產經理論的關聯
電池產業的上游主要以幾家日、韓、大陸廠商為主,其中日本有先入廠商的優勢,其技術取 得相當多的專利 所以擁有較高控制價格的能力 下游電池模組則因為中游電池芯報價持續下跌 , , , 故電池模組廠商在得知此訊息之後,將有機會提高其議價能力,使其毛利能夠繼續維持相對高的 水平。

產業追蹤報告 電動車產業 一、重大變動與未來趨勢
圖、電動車市場銷售量預估 圖、車用電池市場銷售額預估

Source: Nomura, NIKKEI BP, MIC 電動車分為三類,包含純電動車(EV)、油電混和車(HEV)以及插電式混和車(PHEV),目前及 近幾年將仍以油電混和車為主。全球賣得最好的電動車為豐田的 Prius 系列,但花了 14 年銷量 才從 1997 年的 3000 台成長到 56 萬台,且根據 MIC(資策會)產業報告想法,電動車產業目前仍 未進入產品生命週期的成長期,預估在 2015 年銷售量開始有顯著成長,2028 年以後才能普及, 另外現階段面臨的相關問題包含 1)各國基礎建設(充電站)的布置是否完備 2)電動車電池芯成本 仍高,若無政策補貼,電動車價格太貴,將降低消費者購買意願,3)消費者對於電池續航力的疑 慮仍在,須透過宣導及教育來消除。

訂價、產品競爭、技術創新與產經理論的關聯─訂價取決於電池成本(技術進步) 影響電動車普及的三大因素:1)油價 2)政府態度 3)電動車技術上的改良
有關油價的部分,由 2010 年 1 月至今年 9 月的每月平均原油價格,可推測目前油價 相比去年年初處於相對高點,故在政府推 動環保減碳政策的概念下,開始建置相關 的基礎建設如充電站等 包含大陸啟動 , 「十 城千輛」計畫,給予相關城市電動車價格 補助,以鼓勵消費者購買電動車,達到減
圖、各國新能源汽車政策

碳的目標。
另由 MIC 的預估,動力電池占電 動車成本約 40%,價格區間為 750-1200 USD/kwh,預計至 2015 年隨著技術進步,才會下修約五 成至 300-450 USD/kwh,搭配各 國之購車補貼(各國平均每人約 20 萬 NTD), 全球電動車銷售量可 望於 2015 年突破 400 萬台, 成為 電池產業強大的新成長動能。

產業追蹤報告 太陽能產業 一、重大變動與未來趨勢
以時間週期來看,太陽能產業短期已出現供過於求的情況,而中期在技術上,太陽能電池轉 換率尚須提升、成本尚須降低,長期則是面臨製程的瓶頸,如晶矽臺廠(如茂迪、昱晶、新日光 等)須面臨轉型期。且過去主要支持太陽能產業的國家都已下調補助的比例,學生整理了簡易的 表格如下: 歐洲國家下調補助比例 德國 義大利 英國 德國:1Q12 將下調補助幅度 15% 義大利:2012 年下降 20% 英國:2011/12/12 將下調補助比例最高達 51.5%~55%

中國、日本、美國持續支持 中國 日本 美國 太陽能光伏產業十二五發展規劃、金太陽計劃(2009) 福島核災,2012.7.擬啟動 FIT 投資研發聚光型太陽能電池、再生能源補助法案(2008)、獎勵投資太陽能產業 (30% Tax discount)

圖、產能迅速擴張,供給>需求

表、三種發電成本比較

發電方式

成本(NTD/度)

太陽能 火力 核能

7.33~10.31 2.24 0.66

Source: HSBC

二、訂價、產品競爭、技術創新與產經理論的關聯
有關太陽能發電的成本 約為一度 7.33~10.31 元新台幣 為火力發電的 3~4 倍 核能的 11~16 , , , 倍,可見其成本之高,現階段太陽能產業要普及仍有相當的難度。

相關資料的主要同業公會組織、產業媒體、資料庫
包含車輛公會以及台灣能源協會,或是 MIC 產業情報網、IEK 工研院產業報告、國外研調機構報 告如 iSuppli、Energy Trend、聯合新聞網、ITIS 智網、券商報告等有上述的相關資訊可供查閱。

關注電池、電動車、太陽能產業議題或與自身就業、台灣經濟相關的理由
學生關注電池、電動車、太陽能產業的理由在於,電池成本為許多 3C 降低生產成本的關鍵, 且先前常發生 iPad2 漏液、電動巴士起火燃燒的事件,事件發生的原因多跟電池的品質有很大的 關聯,故對電池及電動車產業做了相關的研究。且因學生想了解太陽能產業是否能夠實行以緩解 全球暖化的危機,加上台灣電池模組公司在全球市占握有一席之地,故選此三個產業作為追蹤主 題。

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Healthy vs Happy

...Quialetta Harris ENG 121 English Composition 1 William Barone August 1, 2013 Healthy vs. Happy Happy with being healthy, or happy with just being plain happy by not wasting your time eating healthier and exercising to be happy. I never imagined that I would be exercising ten minutes a day, and have to cut my portion sizes. Two kids later, I never thought that I would be taking courses at Ashford. Of course you can eat what you want, but what about your body susceptible to illness, like high blood pressure or diabetes. You should be able to find a happy medium between being the two. In this essay I will be talking about how you can be healthy and happy at the same time, and they intertwine creating the happy medium. There is an alarming trend with people seeking out these losing weight quick schemes in order to find a happy medium within themselves. People result in using these fads advertised on TV and in magazines to take the easy way out, or when they are unsuccessful in losing weight the right way. As we mature we find the medium between being healthy, and being happy. For example, getting enough sleep, eating healthier, and exercising, because when you think about it, healthy and happy balance each other out. When you get the recommended amount of sleep every night, which is healthy for you, and when you wake up in the morning you feel energized, happy. A regular exercise program is associated with positive mental health, especially a...

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