... HSV 1, 2 & 4 (Herpes simplex virus) March 18, 2013 Biology 104 What is the importance of the organism in today’s world? Abstract Studies taken in 2010 (WHO) report that there are more people with genital herpes than with erectile dysfunction and urinary frequency combined. The herpes virus is classified as any of a group of viral diseases caused by affecting the skin or nervous system. The focus of this study will be HSV 1 known as herpes simplex or oral herpes and HSV 2 also known as genital herpes (warts).The number of people who have herpes surprises most everyone. Even more surprising is there are even more people with genital herpes (HSV 2) than either diabetes or high blood pressure! About one in every five adults in the United States has genital herpes (Xu et al. 2006). However, almost ninety percent of these people don’t know that they have it. Society has attached such a negative stigma to this virus and the goal of this research document is to focus on the origin, development, growth and treatment of this microbe to serve as an informative tool to prevent misinformation and to better understand what this organism effect has on the world today. | Herpes Virus Infections have been prevalent as early as ancient Greek times. Hippocrates (was an ancient Greek physician) is known to have described the spreading of herpes simplex lesions in ancient records in which scholars of Greek civilization then defined the Greek word "herpes" to mean "to creep or...
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...because it hits very close to home. This disease is also linked to other members of the herpes virus family that cause chickenpox, infectious mononucleosis, fever blisters (herpes simplex type I) and genital herpes (herpes simplex type II). Like other herpes viruses, CMV infection can become dormant for a while and may reactivate later. The virus is carried by people and is not associated with food, water or animals. The high numbers of multiple people infected with Cytomegalovirus is about 50-80 percent at some time during their lives. In my report I will focus on key pints such as: • What is Cytomegalovirus (CMV)? • How is CMV spread? • What are the symptoms of CMV infection? • How long can a person carry CMV? • How it’s diagnosed and what treatments are available? • Precaution and Prevention of CMV. In a recent article that was brought to my attention by a colleague referencing Cytomegalovirus; it goes on to explain that CMV is associated with cardiovascular diseases, in line with risk factors such as hypertension and atherosclerosis. Several viral infections are linked to hypertension, including human herpes virus 8 (HHV-8) and HIV-1. By focusing on this subject, I hope to convey to my audience the importance of this topic and also the severity in immune-compromised and pregnant patients. Key Points: • What is Cytomegalovirus (CMV)? Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common virus that can infect almost anyone. Most people don't know they have CMV because it rarely...
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...Herpes Virus The herpes family of viruses includes 8 different viruses that affect human beings. The viruses are known by numbers as human herpes virus 1 through 8 (HHV1 - HHV8). Human herpes virus 1 Human herpes virus 1 (HHV1) is also known as herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1). It is typically the cause of cold sores around the mouth. HHV1 can also lead to infection in the genital area causing genital herpes usually through oral-genital contact, such as during oral sex. HHV1 infections are contagious and are usually spread from skin-to-skin contact with an infected person through small breaks in the skin or mucous membrane. The HHV1 virus is more likely to be spread through things like sharing eating utensils, razors, and towels from a person who has an active lesion. Human herpes virus 2 Human herpes virus 2 (HHV2) is also called herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV2). It typically causes genital herpes, a sexually transmitted infection. However, it can also cause cold sores in the facial area. Like HHV1, the HHV2 infection is contagious and is spread by skin-to-skin contact. The main route of transmission is through sexual contact, as the virus does not survive very long outside the body. Human herpes virus 3 Human herpes virus 3 (HHV3) is also called varicella-zoster virus. HHV3 causes chickenpox. It can also cause a recurrent virus infection of the skin, which is called herpes zoster or shingles. Shingles occurs when dormant varicella-zoster virus from an initial bout of chickenpox...
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...- Physiology - When lab rats are stressed repeatedly, the amygdala – an almond shaped nub in the center of the brain – enlarges dramatically. This swelling comes at the expense of the hippocampus, which is crucial for learning and memory, and shrinks under sever stress. The main job of the amygdala is to perceive danger and help generate the stress response; it’s the brain area turned on by dark alleys and Hitchcock movies. Unfortunately, a swollen amygdala means that were more likely to notice potential threats in the first place, which means we spend more time in a state of anxiety (snowball effect). The end result is that we become more vulnerable to the very thing that’s killing us. - Chemistry - When people feel stressed, a tiny circuit in the amygdala triggers the release of glucocorticoids, a family of stress hormones that puts the body in a heightened state of alert. The molecules are named after their ability to rapidly increase levels of glucose in the blood, thus providing muscles with a burst of energy. They also shut down all nonessential bodily processes, such as digestion and immune response. This is the body’s way of being efficient with its resources. When you’re being chased by a lion, you don’t want to waste resources on the small intestine. You’ll digest food some other time. You need every ounce of energy to get away and survive. But glucocorticoids have a nasty side effect. When they linger in the bloodstream (as they might due to chronic stress...
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...Herpes, An Essay The infectious disease called Herpes Simplex is caused by the transmittance of the HSV-1 virus via contact with a sufferer. Common names for the disease are: cold sores, fever blisters, oral/mouth herpes or Herpes Simplex labialis. In this essay I shall be looking at the symptoms, variant strands, diagnosis, treatment and the personal/social impact of the disease. Infection by the Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 (HSV-1) is symptomized by the growth of blisters, and usually open sores in later periods of outbreaks, on the infected area, whether on the mouth, eyes, genitalia or less common areas. Once an area is contaminated by the disease, usually through contact with the outbreak of a person suffering the disease, the infected individual will begin to feel a tingling sensation in the area within 1-2 weeks of infection. Eventually red spots will grow in the area and then develop into blisters within a week. These blisters will then burst into open sores which is the period in which the disease is most transmittable. The primary outbreak, of newly contracted HSV, is typically more severe than any of the following outbreaks. The two identified variants of the Herpes Simplex Virus, HSV-1 and HSV-2, share these symptoms but differ in associated areas of the lesion outbreaks, facial region and genital region respectively (though either variation can cause either disease) , and likeness of and periods between recurrences. It has been noted that in some cases of Genital...
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...Full-Sentence Outline Template Introduction Let’s be honest, sexual intercourse is a fun activity to engage it until something happens. What if I told you 1 out of 6 people you come in contact with may be infected with genital herpes. Genital Herpes is a sexually transmitted disease caused by the herpes simplex complex viruses type 1 (HSV-1) or type 2 (HSV-2). Although genital herpes is one of the most common STDs most people are not aware they are effected therefore increasing chances of transmission. Body I. Mostly oral herpes are caused by type 1 and most of genital herpes are caused by type 2. However, type 1 or type 2 can occur in either the genital or oral area. HSV type 1 occurs mostly in the mouth and lips which causes sores such as fever blisters and cold sores. HSV type 2 is the usual cause of genital herpes, but it can also infect the mouth. A. Genital herpes is transmitted by having sex with people who are infected with the disease. “Sex” could be anal, oral or vaginal. Type 1 and type 2 can be found in and released from the sores that the viruses caused but can also be released from the skin that does not appear to have a sore. B. Generally transmission stays within the same virus type. Someone can only be infected with HSV-1 by coming in contact with someone with HSV-1 by engaging in mouth to genital or genital to genital contact. Likewise someone can only be infected with HSV-2 during sexual contact with someone who has genital...
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...Richard Hunt (2016), Herpes viruses are an important cause of human viral disease, very close to influenza and cold viruses. They can cause diseases or be silent for a long time only to be reactivated, just like Shingles. Herpes is a Latin word which in Greek means to creep according to Dr. Richard Hunt (2016). In the many herpes virus strains, there is a minimum of 25 viruses in this family viridae which only eight or more types are known to infect human often. As soon as a person is infected, the disease remains for life. The beginning stage of the infection might be followed by latency period with reactivation. This virus infects the majority of the human population living past middle age;" they have antibodies to most of the herpes viruses except HHV-8" according to Dr. Richard Hunt (2016). They are classified as Herpes simplex virus Type 1 (HSV-1), Herpes simplex virus Type 2 (HSV-2) Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Varicella...
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...Genital Herpes: Say it With Conviction Disease is everywhere. Every day hospitals around the country are flooded with patients. The world is essentially one giant germ factory so it no surprise that so many people catch viruses from their friends or co-workers. In many cases, the situations are easily fixed and some aren’t. People take medication for a little while and then go on with their lives, while others take time to heal up while sick. Being sick is seen as an inconvenience but tolerated because it will pass. However, there is another kind of sickness and unlike the flu or a simple skin rash, some of these illnesses can last a lifetime. Genital Herpes has no known cure and yet according to the center of disease control, roughly 16.2% of Americans have the virus. That means that nearly 1 out of every 6 people that you run into each has already contracted Herpes. Luckily, there are ways you can protect yourself and others from becoming infected. The number of Genital Herpes cases in the United States could be greatly reduces, if only every person were force to take responsibility for public health. The virus that causes genital herpes is known as the Herpes Simplex Virus and it comes in two forms. The first form is the Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1), which generally affects the mouth and lips. This form can be spread to the genitals through oral contact with the genitals, or through any sexual encounter with an infected person. The second form is Herpes Simplex Virus...
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...upon infection of herpes simplex virus, epithelial cells of the genital area and oral mucosa are quickly penetrated by the virus, which replicates quickly in the cells leading to deterioration and without treatment necrosis. The HSV specifically affects sensory nerves in the dorsal route ganglia. HSV remains hidden or dormant in our bodies. If the HSV cells remain dormant, no new viruses are produced (Mandal, 2003). Reappearance of HSV oral sores are known as cold sores, since cold sores appear when carrier has a fever, common cold or upper respiratory tract infection. It is possible to transmit HSV in the absence of symptoms, known as asymptomatic shedding. Individuals may not have symptoms of years. This creates a challenge in the control and prevention HSV infections. Women exposed to HSV during pregnancy, are at a high risk for transmitting infection to newborn during childbirth, since infected fluids...
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...The causes of additional needs Cystic fibrosis Cystic fibrosis is a genetic condition which is caused by the faulty CFTR gene which is on chromosome 7. This faulty gene blocks the normal workings of a protein which then allows too much salt and not enough water into the cells. This then builds up thick, sticky mucus in the tubes and passageways in the body which cause blockages to occur which then damage the lungs, digestive system and other organs. This then results in inflammation and swelling and infections. This faulty gene has to be inherited by both parents to develop cystic fibrosis, but it is still a relatively common genetic condition as it is estimated that 1 person in every 25 carries the faulty CFTR gene. When both parents’ carries the gene there is a one in four chance that the child will not inherit either of the faulty genes and will not be a carrier of the condition. There’s also a one in two chance that the child will inherit only one of the faulty genes from one of their parents instead of both of them which would mean that they would not have cystic fibrosis, but they would be a carrier of the condition. Finally, there is also a one in four chance that the child will inherit both copies of the faulty gene which would mean that the child would have cystic fibrosis. Downs syndrome The cause of Down syndrome is that it is a genetic condition which occurs when an extra copy of chromosome 21 is present. Chromosome 21 causes physical and developmental characteristics...
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...Herpes and Toilet Seat: Read before Flush Outside the human body, HSV, the virus causing lives for very few minutes if not seconds. While it a highly contagious virus that should be careful when handling body fluids and membrane, you are unlikely to get it from a toilet seat. The contagious nature of the disease is not questionable. The fact that it is transmitted through physical contact is a more reason to worry you. HSV-1 and HSV-2 attack nerve cells, and multiply by copying themselves before moving to the body surfaces. This is usually during the first outbreak when the virus is strong but is still remains invisible apart from the cold sores and blisters. Many people around the world are infected by the virus but do not know it. This is...
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...Cassandra McCarthy 9/31/16 Epidermodysplasia http://www.dermnetnz.org/topics/epidermodysplasia-verruciformis/ http://www.allhealthsite.com/epidermodysplasia-verruciformis.html#causes “It’s a bird, it's a plane, it's a … tree man?” Kept inside the deep files of physicians and patients alike there are some diseases and disorders not commonly known to mankind. Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis is one of those rare diseases that can infect anyone. Questions such as “What are the causes, signs/symptoms, how does an individual get properly diagnosed with this disease, and what is the proper treatment and can you prevent this disease?” These are the commonly asked questions associated when the public learns of a unknown rare disease. To address...
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...are people. (Bode Science Center, n.d.) One of the most prevalent viral diseases is herpes. “There are many different types of herpes, the most common are herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1) and herpes simplex type 2 (HSV-2).” (Bode Science Center, n.d.) Both types of herpes are cause by two very closely related viruses, and are spread from direct or indirect contact with contaminated persons or objects. (Bode Science Center, n.d.) Herpes simplex type 1 may appear as tiny blisters by the lips, nose, or in the eyes and herpes simplex type 2 may appear as tiny blisters on the genital area. (Bode Science Center, n.d.) This paper will be concentrating on herpes simplex type 1, the point of entry, how it interacts with normal flora of the body, how it affects the innate immune system, and how it affects the adaptive immune system. To understand how herpes simplex 1 infects a person, it is important to understand the structure of the virus itself. The herpes simplex virus have a unique structure, they are enveloped, have double strained DNA genome that is contained a large core, and have a spherical shape. (Bode Science Center, n.d.) “The herpes simplex virus type 1 has glycoproteins on its envelope and this makes it a target for external influences.” (Kennedy, n.d.) The herpesvirus needs a host, has a slow replication process and can also have long period of latency. (Kennedy, n.d.) Herpes simplex 1 can be transmitted though kissing, sharing eating utensils, or sores on the skin...
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...Unit 21: Biomedical science techniques Assignment one Task one Bacteria Virus Fungi Protozoa Structure Structure of bacteria includes a cell wall made up of glycoprotein murein, a plasma membrane made up of proteins, phospholipids and carbohydrates which make a fluid mosaic. It also consists of cytoplasm, ribosome which is small granule made up of protein and RNA, plasmid that are a small circle of DNA, flagella which has a rigid rotating tail, Pilli which has small protein appendages and a capsule that has a slim layer covering the outside of the cell. Viruses are smaller than bacteria. Some viruses have DNA while others contain RNA. They have a nucleic acid that is ringed around a coat called a capsid that’s made up of protein. The body of a fungus are made up of small filaments named hyphae. A fungus contains cytoplasm and nuclei. Characteristics Rod-shaped known as bacillus, round shape which...
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...Alzheimer’s Disease a Fight for Information and Understanding ABSTRACT Alzheimer’s disease slowly deteriorates the brain, causing loss of both memory and the ability to control emotion. This review will discuss possible indicators, hypothesized causes, and both current and experimental treatments of Alzheimer’s. The disease mostly affects people over the age of 60 but can occur earlier. The problem with detecting Alzheimer’s early is that there are no clear indicators, and the changes in the brain progress before symptoms in the patient are visible. It’s hypothesized that the main cause of Alzheimer’s is neuronal plasticity and a build up of plaques. The plasticity leads to neuron tangles, causing blocks in synaptic signaling. Research on assays for detecting amyloid-beta ligands and disease treatments will need to involve human trails for future investigation. KEY WORDS: Alzheimer’s disease, neuronal plasticity, Tau-directed Therapy, amyloid-beta ligands, dementia INTRODUCTION Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a deteriorating disease of the brain that attacks neurons throughout the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus.1,2 The deterioration the cerebral cortex leads to the impairment of a person’s ability to control emotion, coordination, and the ability to comprehend configurations.6 The loss of memory caused by AD comes from the deterioration of the hippocampus.5 Alzheimer’s is most common in people 65 years or older, however for people with early onset Alzheimer’s...
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