...1.0: Introduction Writing is one of the most crucial aspects in language learning. It is not an easy task as it seems as writing is actually a process; and it is the teachers’ responsibilities to help students becoming good writers. According to Hedge (2005), writing process consists of four stages that are ‘Composing’, ‘Communicating’, ‘Crafting’ and ‘Improving’ (pp. 17). Therefore, this essay presents the main principles that underlie in activities that assist learners at these different stages in the writing process which is designed by Tricia Hedge in her book, ‘Writing’ (2005). This paper will start with a discussion about the first stage of writing that is ‘Composing’, and continue with another stage which is ‘Communicating’. ‘Crafting’ will be explained next, and finally, the last stage which is ‘Improving’ will be addressed. Additionally, an example of activity will be illustrated in each section. 2.0: Composing Composing is a stage that ‘takes a writer from pre-writing to polishing a final draft for a specific purpose and a particular audience’ (pp. 81). Hedge believes that good writing is often recursive, and not linear where various operations take place simultaneously throughout writing process. There are three main activities in this stage; pre-writing, drafting and redrafting, and editing. In pre-writing, the focus will be mainly on planning the outlines and exploring possible content. The learners will be aided to identify the purpose and the audience...
Words: 1682 - Pages: 7
...Where was “the Plan,” displayed? What does Chabon see in the slide show? Find the name of the neighbourhood Chabon’s family moved into. Where does the author say he put the map of Columbia? Chabon states that some critics believe the “grand experiment” of Columbia had failed. What reasons are given for this failure? What does Chabon say about childhood in the essay? (http://americanenglish.state.gov/files/ae/resource_files/04-42-2-c.pdf) Learning Outcome: Learners will demonstrate their comprehension of assigned readings by writing concise summaries that identify the author’s main point (thesis) and supporting ideas, paraphrasing and quoting key words and phrases when necessary to avoid plagiarism they require considerable thought to write – it is easy to get them wrong and create a learning strait jacket. Learners will identify the shape of text (e.g. introduction, body, and conclusion) by reading non-fiction essays and articles. Description of activity and assessment: Since the intent of the unit is to assess writing standards, I know that they needed to provide a well-written product. In this case, I would still provide them with some choice. Additionally, the standards I chose had to do with evidence, and so they needed to do research, cite evidence, and make sure that it aligned to their ideas in their written product, a common, standards-aligned rubric that would be used to assess all the products to ensure that all students were meeting the same outcomes. Activity...
Words: 4547 - Pages: 19
...higher standard, the student needs to plan for the assignment, avoid writers block, talk about their ideas for the assignment, proofread and revise their assignment, and learn from their mistakes. Planning the student's assignment is a good strategy for effective college level. According to McCutchen (2011), "Planning was subsumed under the broader label reflection, which encompasses problem solving (including planning), decision making, and inferencing." (p. 52). Therefore planning is a critical aspect for effective college level writing. To have a good plan, the student needs to understand the assignment. According to Riedinger (n.d.)"Don not assume that every teacher expects the same type of writing or research or that every assignment, even from the same teacher, will be the same." According to Carter (2008), "Understanding the purpose of an assignment is vital, particularly at the college level where professors will assign a broader range of paper styles." The student needs to read the instructions more than once, go back, and read them throughout the assignment. Getting all the students research complete before a student starts writing is a good strategy towards the planning process. According to Carter (2008), "Completing research for a college writing assignment or academic paper before the actual writing process begins will help students to avoid time-consuming revisions." Writing ideas down, is also a good strategy in the planning process. Creating an...
Words: 951 - Pages: 4
...My Learning Style Learning styles are part of a mental map that when dissected and analyzed, will help people to understand their learning anatomy, and hopefully will guide their future learning experiences to make the best use of their big and strong learning musculature. To start, the learning analysis and this writer learning styles and strategies will be introduced. Second, a comparison of my own and Vark’s analysis of strategies will be presented, and finally, an assessment of changes on study habits for this writer will be offered. First, our focus here will be the Styles included on the VARK analysis which questions are focus on the way we take-in and give-out information. These Learning styles are Visual, Aural, Red/Write, and Kinesthetic. My learning style is Multimodal (three model) with strongest points on the visual mode which was 12, kinesthetic 10, read/write 10, and Aural 4. As seen by the numbers, none of the three styles stands out. Translating this, it might take longer for this writer to feel confident about the understanding and retaining of the information because involves not only seen something, but , getting examples, pictures about it, writing about it and also having some practice or hands-on, that help to get the best of the learning endeavor. However this allows for flexibility of choosing the best styles for the specific learning experience. Definitely Aural learning style is not a great part of this student learning anatomy because she gets...
Words: 775 - Pages: 4
...Qualities of a Good Essay Title that has depth, more than one meaning Introduction: lead-in that draws, notable strategy leading to thesis Thesis: an opinion that shares a worthy explication (an unfolding) • Avoid plot summary • Avoid reducing story to dusty platitude ("Crime doesn't pay", "Be kind to animals") • Underline thesis Body: logical support drawn from within the story • Strong topic sentences (underlined) without pronouns (preferably the first sentence) • Strong logical progression of support for thesis • Strong logic within paragraphs • Smooth transitions within and between paragraphs • Simple documentation of borrowed materials Conclusion: noticeable strategy that adds integrity to the essay Consider: 1. Title is first read 2. Lead-in is next 3. Conclusion is last read and probably most remembered The Qualities of a Good Essay • Even if the essay is about a personal experience, be sure there is a thesis statement (which may be implied). It should be: -declarative -simple, clear, and direct -one that requires explanation, illustration or proof -one that can be explained, illustrated or proven -one that makes a claim that not everyone would accept or automatically agree with. • Limit your essay (and your term paper) to something you can manage. Which of the following theses are too ambitious for a 2-page essay? - Jokes can reveal a great deal about culture. - Brazilians constantly communicate...
Words: 3999 - Pages: 16
...perspective, interpretation, judgment, or critical evaluation of the work. This is accomplished by examining the literary devices, word choices, or writing structures the author uses within the work. The purpose of a literary analysis is to demonstrate why the author used specific ideas, word choices, or writing structures to convey his or her message. How to Create a Literary Analysis: 1. Read the text closely several times. Focus on the ideas that are being presented. Think about the characters’ development and the author’s writing technique. What might be considered interesting, unusual, or important? 2. Brainstorm a list of potential topics. Highlight important passages in the text and take notes on these passages. Later, when writing the paper, these notes should help a writer to remember which aspects of the story caught his/her attention. The topic chosen should always be based on a writer’s interpretation of the author’s message. Here are some things a writer may want to consider when brainstorming for a literary analysis. Character: What observations might a writer make about the characters? Are there discrepancies in what they think, say, or do? Are the observations a writer makes different from what other characters say? How does the author describe the characters? Are the characters “dynamic” (a dynamic character is a character that undergoes important changes throughout the work)? Are the characters “static” characters (a static character is a character...
Words: 1707 - Pages: 7
...In Angus Chen’s article, “Can Snapchat's New 'Snap Map' Bring The World Closer Together?” the author discusses the positives that come with this new feature. He talks about how this new addition can “foster a global community or sense of togetherness” (Chen 1). By looking on Snap Maps, any user is able to see the world with the touch of their fingers and experience a new culture without leaving the comforts of their home. One issue that the writer does mention with this is that there is a possibility of someone leaking another person’s private information and graphic/violent content. He questions how SnapChat will be able to censor these pictures before it is able to reach the public. However, the writer fails to discuss the negatives that come with Snap Maps. This new terrifying feature opens an invitation of stalking, robbery, and relationship issues that can be detrimental to a community or a group of friends....
Words: 878 - Pages: 4
...The writing process in this class differs from prior writing processes I have used in the past. For example generally I just am the type of writer who just sits at a computer and starts typing. Now there are several different steps that are given to complete an effective essay. I often find myself using free writing and brainstorming to write down my thoughts and ideas on a topic. This seems to be the process easiest for me since it is like writing in a journal and I still do that. I like to research my facts and main sources to support a topic I am writing about. This gives me as a writer the feeling I have gather the facts first. I want my readers to consider my point of view and then come to their own conclusion from my reading. I believe this is why free writing and brainstorming are easiest for me to do. The most difficult writing process is clustering and mind mapping for me personally. I have never been much of a fan of drawing and putting my thoughts in circles and drawing lines would just confuse me. It could be that I am just so adjusted to how I write and would rather not try new ways. To overcome this nerve racking use of mind mapping and become a better writer I should attempt to try new writing processes. I can map out my ideas in a more organized manner and not be searching through my notes for my...
Words: 257 - Pages: 2
...Brice Family Assessment/Treatment Plan Christina Blair CMHC/581 June 12, 2012 Shannon Anderson Brice Family Assessment/Treatment Plan Assessment The writre interviewed the Brice family of 5. The family consisted of a father, a mother, 2 girls and 1 boy. David, the father, is mid to late 60 year old Caucasian male. He is tall with square shoulders wearing glasses. He metacommunication Presenting Problem History of Problem- BRIEF Family History Assessment Summary: Another important quality of the co-research position is that of valuing emotional experiences and reflections. Our understanding of the preceding conversation is that in the state of being oppressed by violence, a person is defined by the violence. The concept of choice in that state is a mirage; a woman would not choose violence, but inside of a war zone there is no violence free territory. If the person and the context of violence are separated (deconstructed through externalization) the person's preferred story of their lives outside the "war zone" context can become visible. This distinction became available in the training conversation due to the process of allowing for correction and respecting the trainees feelings of being emotionally connected or disconnected to the unique accounts of those persons oppressed by the problem. Doherty (1991) has described negotiating meanings versus dictating a theme (p. 134). From our reflections about the interviewing process, we have...
Words: 1510 - Pages: 7
...Unit 4 Exercise 1: 1. The basic format for a proposal includes the following steps: Introduction Problem Analysis; major causes, Evidence and Effects of the probem. Plan for solving the problem: Major steps, Support and Deliverables. Benefits of the Plan: Costs-benefits analysis Conclusion 2. Proposals are used in college, in the workplace and anywhere you want to pitch a proposal or new project idea including grant writing. 3. The steps for inventing your proposal’s content are defining the problem, analyzing the problem, researching, inquiring, and finding similar projects. 4. The three primary sources of information for proposal writing are online, print, and empirical sources. 5. The steps to planning to solve the problem are map out the plan, explore each major step, figure out costs and benefits, and finding similar projects. 6. Costs and benefits should be listed to prove to the readers that the benefits of their investment are worth the risks. 7. In choosing an appropriate style, the steps are creating an Authoritative Tone, use metaphors and similes, pay attention to Sentence Length, and minimize the jargon. 8. Three tips for designing the proposal are creating a look, create white space and use meaningful headings. 9. The four steps in revising and editing a proposal are looking for inconsistencies in content, getting rid of extra stuff, tweaking the design and proof reading. 10. Five major problems listed are students...
Words: 1239 - Pages: 5
...Prewriting Prewriting refers to all activities that help you explore a subject, generate ideas about it, choose a specific topic, establish a purpose, and analyze the audience for your paragraph or essay. Your mission at this stage is to stimulate your thinking before and during the act of writing. Every time you think of a new idea during the writing process, you are prewriting. Drafting When you have lots of ideas to work with, you are ready to start drafting. Drafting involves writing down your thoughts, developing or expanding some ideas, organizing your thoughts to reflect your purpose, and writing a first version of your paragraph or essay. To start on your draft, you may want to spread out your class notes, journal entries, and other prewriting notes so that you can start to string your ideas together. This is the time to keep your thoughts flowing without worrying too much about grammar, punctuation, mechanics, or spelling. Revising As you may suspect, the process of writing is not finished with your first draft. You should always revise your work to make it stronger and better. Revising involves rethinking your content and organization so that your writing says exactly what you want it to. (Editing, the last step, focuses on correcting grammar and spelling.) Your main goal in revising is to make sure that the purpose of your writing is clear to your audience and that your main ideas are supported with details and examples. In addition, you should check that your organization...
Words: 3901 - Pages: 16
...Prewriting Prewriting refers to all activities that help you explore a subject, generate ideas about it, choose a specific topic, establish a purpose, and analyze the audience for your paragraph or essay. Your mission at this stage is to stimulate your thinking before and during the act of writing. Every time you think of a new idea during the writing process, you are prewriting. Drafting When you have lots of ideas to work with, you are ready to start drafting. Drafting involves writing down your thoughts, developing or expanding some ideas, organizing your thoughts to reflect your purpose, and writing a first version of your paragraph or essay. To start on your draft, you may want to spread out your class notes, journal entries, and other prewriting notes so that you can start to string your ideas together. This is the time to keep your thoughts flowing without worrying too much about grammar, punctuation, mechanics, or spelling. Revising As you may suspect, the process of writing is not finished with your first draft. You should always revise your work to make it stronger and better. Revising involves rethinking your content and organization so that your writing says exactly what you want it to. (Editing, the last step, focuses on correcting grammar and spelling.) Your main goal in revising is to make sure that the purpose of your writing is clear to your audience and that your main ideas are supported with details and examples. In addition, you should check that your organization...
Words: 3901 - Pages: 16
...general subject matter, special features (maps, color plates, etc.), price and ISBN. State the author’s purpose in writing the book. Sometimes authors state their purpose in the preface or the first chapter. When they do not, you may arrive at an understanding of the book’s purpose by asking yourself these questions: a. Why did the author write on this subject rather than on some other subject? b. From what point of view is the work written? c. Was the author trying to give information, to explain something technical, to convince the reader of a belief’s validity by dramatizing it in action? d. What is the general field or genre, and how does the book fit into it? (Use outside sources to familiarize yourself with the field, if necessary.) Knowledge of the genre means understanding the art form. and how it functions. e. Who is the intended audience? f. What is the author's style? Is it formal or informal? Evaluate the quality of the writing style by using some of the following standards: coherence, clarity, originality, forcefulness, correct use of technical words, conciseness, fullness of development, fluidity. Does it suit the intended audience? g. Scan the Table of Contents, it can help understand how the book is organized and will aid in determining the author's main ideas and how they are developed - chronologically...
Words: 1699 - Pages: 7
...Perceptual Map Simulation MKT 421 Perceptual Map Simulation Introduction This paper will take a look at a perceptual map simulation of a motorcycle manufacturer which produces a motorcycle called Cruiser Thorr. A perceptual map is a visual representation of the customer’s perception of the brand, which helps in its positioning. A perceptual map can have several parameters which can overlap in their descriptions. These overlapping parameters are the superficial attributes of a product, and several of them often define a product’s fundamental parameter. (Using Perceptual Maps in Marketing, General Marketing, Retrieved from https://ecampus.phoenix.edu). This paper will look at several fundamental parameters, including lifestyle image, product design and styling, product uniqueness, and quality engineering. This paper will look at the three major phases in the simulation, Positioning Strategy, which determines differentiation based on Product, Price, Promotion, Place and Services. SWOT Analysis which looks at strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to the product brand. Finally, Market Research, which looks at Consumer preferences by age group, income group, and financing requirement. These major phases are all used to form a marketing plan. In this simulation, this writer has joined CruiserThorr as a Marketing Manager. The first step in the marketing manager’s new position is to formulate a positioning strategy by constructing...
Words: 1483 - Pages: 6
...WRITING AN INTRODUCTION FOR AN ESSAY Good introductions provide: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. a clear and detailed map of what is in the essay; a thesis statement - a statement of the writer’s main argument; a sentence which delimits the scope of the essay; interesting statements that engage the reader's attention; and background information. ACTIVITY 1 Read through Introduction A. Identify which of the sentences perform the functions listed above. Then go to the end of this information flyer and check how well you did. Information technology is having significant effects on the communication of individuals and organizations in different professions. This essay will discuss the impact of information technology on the communication of health professionals. The essay will begin by discussing how information technology provides for the educational needs of nurses. It will then explain how information technology can have significant effects on the role of general practitioner in the area of public health. The essay will then turn to consider the lack of knowledge about the potential of computers among hospital administrators and nursing executives. The final section will deal with how information technology assists health professionals in the delivery of services in rural areas. The essay will argue that information technology has significant potential to improve health care and medical education but health professionals are reluctant to use it. ACTIVITY 2 Read through Introduction B. As you...
Words: 785 - Pages: 4