...In jarring contrast to the formalities of Ecole des Beaux Arts,7 the indistinct outlines and smeared and punctuated brush strokes appeared crude and foreign to the public eye. Since its establishment in 1682, the Academy remained the premier institution of fine arts. It was there that the most esteemed artists--Ingres, Delacroix, Degas, Monet (to name a few)--perfected their refined facture. The Academy’s aesthetic derived from the canon of Classical Antiquity. Accordingly, their visual modality was entrenched in traditional principles and their conception of realistic representation was rigidly narrow. For Impressionists to neglect line value and form yet declare their art as “realistic” was more preposterous than it was offensive. The paintings...
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...French Rococo Era Painter, 1703-1770 Francois Boucher seems to have been perfectly attuned to his times, a period which had cast off the pomp and circumstance characteristic of the preceding age of Louis XIV and had replaced formality and ritual by intimacy and artificial manners. Boucher was very much bound to the whims of this frivolous society, and he painted primarily what his patrons wanted to see. It appears that their sight was best satisfied by amorous subjects, both mythological and contemporary. The painter was only too happy to supply them, creating the boudoir art for which he is so famous. Boucher was born in Paris on Sept. 29, 1703, the son of Nicolas Boucher, a decorator who specialized in embroidery design. Recognizing his sons artistic potential, the father placed young Boucher in the studio of François Lemoyne, a decorator-painter who worked in the manner of Giovanni Battista Tiepolo. Though Boucher remained in Lemoynes studio only a short time, he probably derived his love of delicately voluptuous forms and his brilliant color palette from the older masters penchant for mimicking the Venetian decorative painters. | | | | | | | Marie-Louise O’ Murphy was the youngest child of an Irish army officer. She was a celebrated French beauty, one of the younger mistresses of Louis XV and the model for Francois Boucher “The Resting Girl”. The youngest of seven, Marie-Louise was born to ex-Irish army officer Daniel O’ Murphy and his French...
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...Impressionism Homework 1 October 2, 2012 La Grande Baigneuse Analysis La Grande Baigneuse, or also known as The Valpinçon Bather, is a permanent oil on the canvas painting located on second floor of the Louvre museum. Painted by Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres in 1808, La Grande Baigneuse captures the artist’s veneration for the female body with tight, smooth brushwork to capture the realism of the model’s skin. The work is specifically situated in Salle 60- Ingres in between relatively smaller Ingres’ Charles Cordier and Edme Bouchet portraits, which were both completed in 1811. The same model depicted in La Grande Baigneuse can also be found right across the room in Ingres’s Le Bain Turc, also known as The Turkish Bath. The brightness of the room was all controlled by artificial light rather than some natural sunlight from outside, such as the case with the neoclassical room. Furthermore, although the model in the piece is unidentifiable because her back is turned towards the viewer, she clearly just finished taking a bath. In order for the viewer to appreciate the sensuality of Ingres’ female bather, the viewer must understand the palette, view and lighting, 3-D effects, composition, subject and style of this genre painting. The palette utilized for the work exemplifies female sexuality through the cool colors in the room. The cool pristine local color of white on her gives the impression of a soft, supple skin. In addition, adding white to the pure hue on the...
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...Resting Girl (Marie-Louise O’Murphy) by François Boucher (1751) (image: wallraf.meseum) (Fig. 2a) Grande Odalisque by Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres (1814). Oil on canvas, 91cm x 162cm, Musée du Louvre, Paris (image: studyblue.com) (Fig. 2b) Close up of Grande Odalisque by Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres (1814) (image: artble.com) (Fig. 2c) Close up of Grande Odalisque by Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres (1814) (image: artble.com) The Age of Enlightenment brought two very different styles to the world of art and, in particular, to painting: the whimsical, indulgent Rococo and the more serious Neoclassical. In this essay I will be comparing two paintings; one in the style of Rococo, the other Neoclassical. The first, Resting Girl by François Boucher (1751-1752) is a Rococo-era work of oil on canvas, 59cm x73cm in size. The second, Grande Odalisque, also oil on canvas, 91cm x 162cm, is considered to be a Neoclassical work, though created during the overlapping period during the culmination of Neoclassicism and the beginning of Romanticism. This period of overlap allowed Ingres to employ Romantic themes while staying true to the form of Neoclassicism. The agenda of this comparison is to describe the differences between the French Rococo and Neoclassical Periods, and to understand the stylistic differences in the way Boucher and Ingres approach similar subject matter. Resting Girl (Marie-Louise O’Murphy), painted during the latter part of the Rococo period, depicts young Marie-Louise...
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... The art of Jacques Louis David embodies the style known as Neoclassicism, which flourished in France during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century. David championed a style of rigorous contours, sculpted forms, and polished surfaces; history paintings, such as his Lictors Returning to Brutus the Bodies of His Sons (Musée du Louvre, Paris) of 1789, were intended as moral exemplars. He painted in the service of royalty, radical revolutionaries, and an emperor; although his political allegiances shifted, he remained faithful to the tenets of Neoclassicism, which he transmitted to a generation of students, including Anne-Louis Girodet-Trioson, François Gérard, Baron Antoine Jean Gros, and Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres. In the late 1790s, a group of David's students, known as the Primitifs (Primitives) or Barbus (Bearded Ones), rejected the values of Davidian classicism in favor of an art whose linear purity and simplicity recalled archaic Greek vase painting as well as early Renaissance art. These challenges to the primacy of David's Neoclassical style set the stage for a radical redefinition of history painting around 1800 in France. Before the Revolution, David's major history paintings, though often invoked in relation to contemporary events, drew upon subjects from ancient history (2009.423) and distant civilizations (Death of Socrates, 31.45); his approach was in keeping with that of the French Academy, which placed history painting at the top...
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...Portrait d’un jeune homme Le portrait d’un jeune homme est un tableau peint par Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres parmi 1824-1834. Avec ce tableau Ingres realise l’archétype du portrait bourgeois en dépeignant un jeune homme bien habillé et bien soigné. L’homme est âgé à peu près de 20 ans. Il a une figure agreeable, intelligente et aristocratique. Le statut de ce personnage est attrayant, fin et délicat. Le spectateur ne peut pas voir ses mains mais il peut imaginer qu’elles sont blanches et lisses. Dans le tableau l’observateur aperçois un homme avec le visage carré et pâle, avec les yeux vifs, ardents qui soulignent son intelligence. Le spectatuer distingue aussi le front bas couvert par les cheveux, le petit nez qui est un peu rond retroussé, les lèvres sensuelle et le menton viril. Les cheveux de ce jeune homme sont chatâins, courts mais un peu ondulé. Le visage de face d’une expression `a la fois serieuse et ironique regarde le spectateur. En ce qui concerne le vêtement, il est habillé d’une veste, d’un gilet brun sur une chemise blanche don’t le col dépasse et d’un nœud papillon noir. Sa corpulence amuse et attire le spectateur donnant l’impression d’un jeune homme astucieux et habile. J’ai choisi cette peinture parce qu’il y a une énigme dans le personage. D’une part, son visage et sa figure démontrent l’officialité et la gravité. De l’aute côté, ses yeux avec des traces de ruse et son sourire “je-sais-que-tu-as-fait” temoignent d’un petit garcon qui se cache derrière...
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...In a Gallery 801 which is full of paintings in color, Odalisque in Grisaille cannot be overlooked. It is quite a remarkable and unusual experience to see a painting of such smooth and fine detail completely in greyscale, especially so if you already have the color image of Ingres’ celebrated Grande Odalisque of 1814 in your head. Odalisque in Grisaille of 1824 serves as an unfinished repetition of Grande Odalisque, which for unknown reasons is reduced in size and simplified. The lack of color is not a creative choice, rather a signifier of incompleteness, given that a common painting technique at the time was to create a monochromatic underpainting using a neutral grey mixture to notify variations in tone, in which afterwards the canvas was...
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...information from databases. SQL is an American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and International Standards Institute (ISO) standard. A variety of established database products support SQL, including products from Oracle and Microsoft SQL Server. It is widely used in both industry and academia, often for enormous, complex databases. (Base, 2013). SQL was developed in the 1970’s by IBM to initially manipulate and retrieve data in IBM system R. The SQL language was standardized in 1986 by the ANSI; it later had releases that were released as ISO standards. IBM authored SQL and the first SQL implementation was provided by Oracle Corporation. Early commercial implementations were concentrated on midsized UNIX-based DBMSs, such as Oracle, Ingres, and Informix. IBM followed in 1981 with SQL/DS, the forerunner to DB2, which debuted in 1983. ANSI published the first SQL standard (SQL-86) in 1986. An international version of the standard issued by ISO appeared in 1987. A significant update to SQL-86 was released in 1989 (SQL-89). Virtually, all relational DBMSs that you encounter today support most of the 1986 standard. In 1992, the standard was revised again (SQL-92), adding more capabilities to the language. Because SQL-92 was s superset of SQL-89, older database application programs ran under the new standard with minimal modifications. Until October 1996, DBMS vendors could submit their products to National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) for verification of SQL...
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...Wylie College you are tasked with developing a new student registration system. The college would like a new client-server system to replace its much older system developed around mainframe technology. The new system will allow students to register for courses and view report cards from their personal computers attached to the campus LAN, or from any machine on the Internet (such as the machines in the school library). Professors will be able to access the system to sign up to teach courses as well as record grades. Due to a decrease in federal funding the college cannot afford to replace the entire system at once. The college will keep the existing course catalog database where all course information is maintained. This database is an Ingres relational database running on a DEC VAX. Fortunately the college has invested in an open SQL interface that allows access to this database from college’s Unix servers. The legacy system performance is rather poor, so the new system must insure that access to the data on the legacy system occurs in a timely manner. The new system will access course information from the legacy database but will not update it. The registrar’s office will continue to maintain course information through another system. At the beginning of each semester students may request a course catalogue containing a list of course offerings for the semester. Information about each course, such as professor, department, and prerequisites will be included to help students...
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...On the poster is a reproduction of the nude woman in La Grande Odalisque by Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, but her face hidden by a gorilla mask. The image is captioned by the question, “Do women have to be naked to get into the Met. Museum?”. This is an analogy to the Metropolitan Museum of Art, which after statistics that were compiled by the Girls themselves revealed that less than 5% of the artist in the modern art sections are women, but 85% of the nudes are women. Guerilla Girls was an anonymous group of women artist who staged protest institutionalized sexism and racism and the purpose of this piece was to expose sexual and racial discrimination in the art world and bring attention to the lack of recognition and appreciation of female artwork. The real question behind the question is how can women be praised as part of art, but not get...
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...of his earlier themes such as circuses, and bullfights to create 347 etchings. His work encompassed many styles -- from realism to cubism and surrealism -- making it impossible to categorize into a single movement. He and fellow painter Georges Braque are credited with creating the cubist style. Another of Picasso's innovations was the creation of collage -- he pasted pieces of paper and oilcloth to a canvas and painted on the surface in a 1912 work titled Still Life With Chair Caning. Although he is best known for his innovative, cubist work Picasso had an extraordinary drawing skill, rivaling the expertise of 19th century neoclassical artist Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres. Picasso was born in Málaga, Spain on October 25, 1881, the son of an art teacher. Prior to 1898, he used his father's name, "Ruiz," and his mother's maiden name, "Picasso," to sign his paintings. After 1901, he signed his work simply with the name "Picasso." A child prodigy, he painted his first picture at the age of ten; by 15 he was accepted at the Barcelona School of Fine Arts where he won a gold medal for his academic painting, Science & Charity, 1897. Picasso's major periods can be roughly divided into the following, although in his later years he returned to earlier themes. Blue Period: After trips to Paris between 1900-1902, Picasso settled there in 1904 where...
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...Patricia McFarland Michelle Smith ART 101 13 October 2012 Themes of Art Critical Essay In ‘The Turkish Bath’ painted by Jean-Auguste Dominique Ingres, is a glimpse into what the western world believes a harem to look like. The painter never actually visited a Turkish bath, and his painting is purely conjecture. With that stated, one definition of a harem is a sphere of women. The painter chose to use circular lines in almost every point in this painting. He created circles within circles, with the round bodies and rounded faces, and rounded trim on the alcoves and furnishings. All of the bodies are very curvy, voluptuous, sensual, and soft. Most of the concubines have rounded eyes, with very curved faces and bodies. Even the breasts and nipples are circles within circles, as are the stomachs and navels. The entire room seems to be a circle and the view that we have is as though through a key hole or hole in the wall. All of the five senses are represented in this piece, touch, smell, sight, taste and sound. They are represented so that each sense is saturated and the power of the sultan is quite obvious. There is truly a celebration of all five senses in this painting. Touch seems to be the most obvious. Many of the women are touching in some fashion, from merely lying next to each other, to fondling of another woman’s breast. The touching seems to be quite accepted and relaxed, indicating there are no inhibitions connected to touching. There is touching...
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...variety of established database products support SQL, including products from Oracle and Microsoft SQL Server. It is widely used in both industry and academia, often for enormous, complex datbases. (Base, 2013). SQL was developed in the 1970’s by IBM to initially manipulate and retrieve data in IBM system R. The SQL language was standardized in 1986 by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI); however, later releases were released as International Organization Standardization (ISO) standards. (Inc., 2013) Although IBM authored SQL, the first SQL implementation was provided by Oracle Corporation (then called Relational Software Inc.). Early commercial implementations were concentrated on midsized UNIX-based DBMSs, such as Oracle, Ingres, and Informix. IBM followed in 1981 with SQL/DS, the forerunner to DB2, which debuted in 1983. (Unknown, 2010) ANSI published the first SQL standard (SQL-86) in 1986. An international version of the standard issued by ISO appeared in 1987. A significant update to SQL-86 was released in 1989 (SQL-89). Virtually, all relational DBMSs that you encounter today support most of the 1986 standard. (Unknown, 2010) In 1992, the standard was revised again (SQL-92), adding more capabilities to the language. Because SQL-92 was s superset of SQL-89, older database application programs ran under the new standard with minimal modifications. In fact, until October 1996, DBMS vendors could submit their products to NIST (National Institute for Standards...
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...YFOSBAPP Database A database is information organized in such a way that a computer program can quickly select pieces of data. You can think of it as an electronic filing system. A database is an organized collection of data. It is the collection of schemas, tables, queries, reports, views and other objects. Data Integration Data integration involves combining data residing in different sources and providing users with a unified view of these data. This process becomes significant in a variety of situations, which include both commercial (when two similar companies need to merge their databases) and scientific (combining research results from different bioinformatics repositories, for example) domains. Data integration appears with increasing frequency as the volume and the need to share existing data explodes. It has become the focus of extensive theoretical work, and numerous open problems remain Existing DBMSs provide various functions that allow management of a database and its data which can be classified into four main functional groups: Data definition – Creation, modification and removal of definitions that define the organization of the data. Update – Insertion, modification, and deletion of the actual data. Retrieval – Providing information in a form directly usable or for further processing by other applications. The retrieved data may be made available in a form basically the same as it is stored in the database or in a new...
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...his students, Francesco Melzi, who had become his companion for the rest of his life. During his stay in Milan Leonardo da Vinci did very little artwork, much less than when he had visited Milan before but instead, Leonardo spent all of his time on scientific research. When the French lost Milan, da Vinci had to move to Rome. Leonardo da Vinci befriended the duke's brother, Guiliano de’ Medici. There, Leonardo was treated very kindly and he was well sheltered. But Guiliano de’ Medici's health wasn't doing too good and March 1516, Guiliano de’ Medici died leaving Leonardo da Vinci alone in Rome. Soon later, in May 2, 1519, Leonardo da Vinci died. Leonardo da Vinci's importance was great during the Renaissance era. Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres made a painting of Leonardo da Vinci dying in the arms of King Francis I, which shows the high status that Leonardo da Vinci has achieved....
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