.../Engineering Management March 22, 2014 QUESTIONS: 1. What is innovation management? Innovation management is the regulation of managing processes in innovation. According to Richard Feynman innovation is all about discovery. Innovation management is the process of capturing and managing organizational innovation. Today many companies have organization-wide innovation management programs. This is due to increased recognition that innovation is essential for motivating business growth and maintaining competitive advantage. Competency: Every institute/organization has its own history and set of capabilities, which determine its innovation competency. And innovation has build a powerful framework based on competence and obligation that will help organization to become a world-class innovator Strategy: As manager knows, resource allocation is critical to strategy and therefore needs to be an integral part of aligning innovation to strategic objectives. Management: Any top company in this world should arrange resources cleverly and needs to manage innovation efficiently; this should be the primary objective of a organization. 2. Why is entrepreneurship training considered important for engineers? In the article it states clearly why it is so significant for engineers to understand entrepreneurship training. Engineers need to be entrepreneurial in order to understand and contribute in the framework of market and business pressures. For engineers who establish...
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...USAID Project CYCLE OVERVIEW SUMMARY This paper provides an overview of the Program Cycle to all USAID staff and their development partners. The overview demonstrates how the components of the Program Cycle support each other and relate to annual processes and documents. We now live in a more dynamic world, however, with new development partners, more coordination among various US Government actors, shorter execution cycles, new policies and fiscal realities, and greater appreciation for the complexity and contingency of development. The Program Cycle acknowledges that development is not static and is rarely linear, and therefore stresses the need to assess and reassess through regular monitoring, evaluation, and learning. The Program Cycle encourages planning and project management innovations to reduce the unit cost of delivery and increase the cost-effectiveness and lasting impact of development cooperation. In short, we are not going back to the future, but moving forward based on historical best practices. PROGRAM CYCLE COMPONENTS: 1. Agency Policies and Strategies. 2. Country Development strategies 3. Project Design and Implementation 4. Monitoring 5. Evaluation 6. Learning and Adapting 7. Budget Resources Agency Policies and Strategies: The Program Cycle is informed by a series of U.S. Government and USAID policies and strategies that define the goals and purpose of this approach, and that ultimately strive to make...
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...within the market place. Using Ansoff’s Matrix below the four growth strategies can be understood. | Existing Product | New Product | Existing Market | Market Penetration | Product Development | New Market | Market Development | Diversification | Product development growth strategy captures a framework focus on company product or service as well as product development process. This strategy examines the company’s capabilities as it relates to its strengths, weaknesses and core competencies, the competitors capabilities as it relates to their strength, weakness, core competency and strategy and the market needs and opportunities, goals as well as financial resources. The need for new product development are many inclusive of the following: 1) Companies need to adapt to the changing needs of the consumer example the need for business on the go has resulted in smart phones being manufactured. Consumers becoming more health conscience has resulted in manufacturing of low fat foods. 2) The stage of the product life cycle may serve as an indication to mangers that innovation is needed. New products are developed when products reach the end of the product life cycle example Sony and the move from Play station to...
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...Prototyping Development 2. Rapid Application Development 3. Joint Application Design 4. Participatory Design 1. PROTOTYPING DEVELOPMENT: Software prototyping refers to the activity of creating prototypes of software applications, i.e., incomplete versions of the software program being developed. In this a prototype is made first and based on it final product is developed. A prototype is a model or a program which is not based on strict planning, but is an early approximation of the final product or software system. This type of System Development Method is employed when it is very difficult to obtain exact requirements from the customer. While making the model, user keeps giving feedbacks from time to time and based on it, a prototype is made. Completely built sample model is shown to user and based on his feedback; the SRS (System Requirements Specifications) document is prepared. After completion of this, a more accurate SRS is prepared. 2. RAPID APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT: Rapid application development (RAD) is a software development methodology that uses minimal planning in favour of rapid prototyping. It is broader in scope as compared to prototyping. The "planning" of software developed using RAD is interleaved with writing the software itself. The lack of extensive...
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...Issuance: February 17, 2005 Revalidated: March 27, 2008 Introduction A system development methodology refers to the framework that is used to structure, plan, and control the process of developing an information system. A wide variety of such frameworks have evolved over the years, each with its own recognized strengths and weaknesses. One system development methodology is not necessarily suitable for use by all projects. Each of the available methodologies is best suited to specific kinds of projects, based on various technical, organizational, project and team considerations. CMS has considered each of the major prescribed methodologies in context with CMS’ business, applications, organization, and technical environments. As a result, CMS requires the use of any of the following linear and iterative methodologies for CMS systems development, as appropriate. Acceptable System Development Methodologies Waterfall Initial Investigation Requirements Definition System Design Coding, testing,... Implementation Operation & Support Framework Type: Linear Basic Principles: 1. Project is divided into sequential phases, with some overlap and splashback acceptable between phases. 2. Emphasis is on planning, time schedules, target dates, budgets and implementation of an entire system at one time. 3. Tight control is maintained over the life of the project through the use of extensive written documentation, as well as through formal reviews and approval/signoff...
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...SDLC SDLC is a procedure took after for a product, inside of an organization. It comprises of a point by point arrangement portraying how to create, keep up, supplant and change or improve particular programming (Jacobson, Booch, Rumbaugh, Rumbaugh & Booch, 1999). The life cycle characterizes a strategy for enhancing the nature of programming and the general improvement process. It is segment into 7 steps, as follows; Planning Incorporates gathering, breaking down, accepting, and indicating necessities. Toward the end of this stage, the Software Requirement Specification (SRS) report is readied. SRS is a formal report that goes about as a composed understanding between the advancement group and the client (Nurmuliani, Zowghi & Powell, 2004). SRS goes about as information to the configuration stage and incorporates practical, execution, programming, equipment, and system prerequisites of the task. Design When planning and contending with the management or the proprietor about the arrangement and by one means or another persuading them, the time has come to outline or make an unpleasant arrangement in regards to the product. Designers will cooperate and choose the beginning specifics of the product to be made. They will choose what stage or programming dialect to utilize, which will help coding of a certain piece of the product and even the time span (Jones & Rastogi, 2004). Implementation The initial two stages are very regular in all SDLC models. Be that as it may, things...
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...manufacture and support. This approach is intended to cause the developers, from the outset, to consider all elements of the product life cycle from conception through disposal, including quality, cost, schedule, and user requirements’’. Within the last decade, response to change was one of the pressures facing manufacturers due to high competition and this required a presence of concurrent engineering. New materials, development in technology, innovation in products are involved in the used process. Quality and time are two of the most important elements people in the marketplace concentrate on. There is a pressure of completing the project with high quality with limit of time. To response to the demands of customers and in order to survive in the marketplace, it is very important to introduce concurrent engineering. In the context of the construction industry, the above definition, can be modified thus: ‘‘Concurrent engineering attempts to optimize the design of the project and its construction process to achieve reduced lead times, and improved quality and cost by the integration of design, fabrication, construction and erection activities and by maximizing concurrency and collaboration in working practices’’. Some of the aspects that shall be introduced in applying CE: * The need for proper analysis and establishment of customer requirements and specifications. * The need for improving...
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...Criteria for Performance Excellence The foundation for the SMART Self-Assessment [pic] The Criteria for Performance Excellence Table of Contents: A Critical Look at the Criteria 3 Core Values and Concepts 4 The Criteria Framework 10 The Criteria 11 A Critical Look at the Criteria Businesses are facing increasing marketplace challenges everyday. Businesses can assess their readiness to respond to those challenges by assessing themselves against these Criteria. Companies that embrace the Criteria for Performance Excellence and incorporate them into their business practices can expect to achieve more than their competitors. (See NIST study.) Why should businesses use these Criteria? The Criteria provide an assessment framework for performance excellence. It will help measure performance on a wide range of key business performance indicators: customer, product and service, operational, and financial. All key stakeholders processes and results are examined: customers, employees, owners and public. Assessment against the Criteria allows the company to identify company strengths and target key opportunities for improvement. Company communication and performance will improve, with resources aligned to achieve common goals. Why should companies conduct a Management Self-Assessment The Self-Assessment is just one application of the Criteria...
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...General Project Characteristics 2. WHY ARE PROJECTS IMPORTANT? PROJECT PROFILE – Dubai – Land of Mega-Projects 3. PROJECT LIFE CYCLES PROJECT MANAGERS IN PRACTICE – Christy Rutkowski, Regency Construction Services 4. DETERMINANTS OF PROJECT SUCCESS PROJECT MANAGEMENT RESEARCH IN BRIEF – Assessing Information Technology (IT) Project Success 5. DEVELOPING PROJECT MANAGEMENT MATURITY 6. PROJECT ELEMENTS AND TEXT ORGANIZATION Summary Key Terms Discussion Questions Case Study 1.1 – MegaTech, Inc. Case Study 1.2 – The IT Department at Hamelin Hospital Internet Exercises PMP Certification Sample Questions Bibliography TRANSPARENCIES 1.1 GENERAL PROJECT CHARACTERISTICS 1) Projects are ad hoc endeavors with a clear life cycle. 2) Projects are building blocks in the design and execution of organizational strategies. 3) Projects are responsible for the newest and most improved products, services, and organizational processes. 4) Projects provide a philosophy and strategy for the management of change. 5) Project management entails crossing functional and organizational boundaries. 6) The traditional management functions of planning, organizing, motivation, directing, and control apply to project management. 7) The principal outcomes of a project are the satisfaction of customer requirements within the constraints of technical, cost, and schedule objectives. 8) Projects are terminated upon successful completion...
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...Business Process Modeling e-Framework Workshop Balbir Barn 12th February 2007 Agenda • • • • • Why we construct Business Process Models A historical context Approaches to business process modelling Business Process Modelling Notation Tools and standards summary 2 What is a Business Process? • Davenport & Short (1990) define business process as – "a set of logically related tasks performed to achieve a defined business outcome." A process is "a structured, measured set of activities designed to produce a specified output for a particular customer or market. • Business processes as transformations of inputs to outputs input output • Other models available: – Language-Action-Perspective (LAP) (Winograd and Flores 1986) • Production, coordination tasks using language for communication 3 Purposes of Business Process Modeling: Organization Design • • • • • • Process Documentation Process Reorganization Process Monitoring and Controlling Continuous Improvement Quality Management: ISO 9000 Benchmarking: Compare with best practice • Knowledge Management: 4 Purposes of Business Process Modeling: Information Systems Design • • • • • Selection of ERP software Model based Customizing Software Development Workflow Management Simulation 5 What to model of a business process • Tasks • Coordination between tasks – synchronization – decisions – parallel work – repetition –… • • • • Organizational responsibilities Required resources and constraints...
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...The growing impact of ICT on globalisation There is no doubt that scientific advances and technological change have been, are and will remain in the coming years important drivers of the globalisation process. They have been conducive to the creation, distribution and exploitation (in a positive sense of the word) of knowledge in such a manner that they have served as a major source of competitive advantage, wealth creation and improvement in the quality of life. The growing impact of ICT (information and communications technologies) on globalisation can be evidenced by the fact that it has led to a rapid application of recent scientific advances in new products and processes, a high rate of innovation across various countries, as well as a shift to more knowledge-intensive industries and services, together with rising skill requirements. In this day and age there has been a growing realisation that science, technology and innovation have served as the key to improving a nation's economic performance as well as its citizens' social well-being. For this reason government - irrespective of its political ilk and orientation - must serve as a facilitator, enabling business and consumers to adapt to the demands and opportunities of the new economy. When talking of globalisation one must not only assess it as a phenomenon but stock must also be taken of its vital and important policy implications. The impact of policy changes in any one country or region can be translated via...
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...Kuang, 2001). Enterprise Architecture is a strategic practice, which connects the relationship between business initiatives that leverage technology, to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses, and develop strategies for transformation, from the current architecture to an architectural model that represents a future vision. The enterprise architecture must be aligned with the business model, defining a logical structure for implementing the strategy. The requirements to be met by enterprise architecture model are given by the strategic business objectives. The operational model of Enterprise Architecture should establish baselines model relationship between Business and IT, through the definition and description of business processes of an organization. It will be necessary to create cross-sectional areas as organization, IT Architecture and Quality, among others. Enterprise Architecture Enables SDLC The enterprise architecture complements the phases of system development life cycle. The SDLC consists of serious of steps that system developers are supposed to follow when developing systems in a firm or organization. The EA complements and facilitates the phases of SDLC by ensuring organizations follow the steps of SDLC well when implementing systems. The first step of SDLC is initiation. During the stage, the organizations identify the needs and weaknesses....
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...lifetime of learning if they are to remain employable, and if enterprises are to maintain their competitiveness in a knowledge-based global economy. However, identifying and developing skills and competencies for next generation employability in Ireland is a challenging task. The Programme for University Industry Interface (PUII) is an action research project, established in 2003, to determine the skills and competencies required by Irish Industry and to develop learning models that will facilitate their delivery. This paper presents the outcomes of an action research methodology based on a Community of Practice model (COP), which addressed the issues surrounding competencies for next generation employability. It proposes a competency framework which integrates the four key categories of skills: Business, Technical, Interpersonal, Intrapersonal, and presents a set of recommendations for individuals, employers and higher education institutions. Introduction The Programme for University Industry Interface (PUII) is an action research project, established at the University of Limerick in 2003 to determine the next generation skills and competencies required by Irish Industry, and to develop learning models that will facilitate their delivery. PUII...
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...1. Introduction A paradigm shift currently indicates the global challenges that industries are facing and more companies are pressured to embrace sustainability as business conditions change. However, only recently corporations started integrating sustainability as the part of their business strategy as they came to recognize that it is an essential part in growing and establishing themselves as the leader in the competing environment. A well-executed sustainability strategy can enhance the company’s value and reinforce competitive advantage in the market while protecting the capital base. The balance of power has shifted between corporations and it is important to balance economic prosperity along with environmental and social dimensions. Sustainable business strategy represents a marked shift in traditional business practices and companies who do not adapt to the changes in these practices in order to achieve sustainable profitability will be more likely to face the brand value decline or even extinction in the future. For instance, the change represents the need to understand how all three dimensions affect each other and companies ought to consciously create new consumer preferences. However, a lot of companies still are missing guidelines to implementing a marketing strategy of sustainability as an essential part, which is at the core of ensuring organizational, social, economic and environment growth while managing overconsumption issues (White, 2011). Current researches...
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...STRATEGIC BUSINESS PLAN for (company name) for Period January 2002 to December 2005 (dates are examples only) Approved by (name), (position), on (date) Update Status: (amendment number), on (date) TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary Section Page 1. Strategic Focus 2. The Business 3. Market Analysis 4 Products 5 Marketing 6 Research and Development 7 Production and Delivery 8 Supply Chains 9 Business Systems and Processes 10. Stakeholder Relationships and Alliances 11. Organisational and Management 12 Environmental and Social Impacts 13 Risk Factors and Regulatory Compliance 14 Corporate Governance 15 Financials 16 Application of Investment Funds 17 Strategic Action Plan 18 Plan Improvement Appendices: 1. 2. 3. Some Thoughts on Writing this Plan before We Start • Clearly identify the readers of this document. Then write the plan in a style that is easily understood by readers • Remember that this plan is a working document that has the clear purpose of initiating focussed action and generating clear and measurable results. Avoid the excessive use of descriptive adjectives to 'pad' or over-sell the plan. Flowery, highly descriptive language can cloud key issues, blur the plan's focus and slow/confuse its implementation • Keep the plan 'tight'; ensure it remains concise, balanced, clear and logical. Where possible use quantitative...
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