...Imagines Imagines: Labor: Imperator Romae Urbs: Roma Urbs Domestica: Roma Titus Flavius Vespasianus Amo - Constructio - Regnans Romam - Lex - Musica - Adiuvans populum - Familiae et amici - Impendens pecuniam - Ludi Gladiatorii - Feminae De Urbs: Roma Dies ortus: December XXX, XXXIX A.D. Lingua: Latin Opiniones Religiosae: Sequor deos et deas. Prolationes: “Corpus mortui hostis semper olfacit dulcem.” Cognatio Status: Mea primus uxor perivit. Ei nomen erat Arrecina Tertulla. Ego sum divortium ab Marcia Furnilla. Ego sum non in cognatio. Amici et Familiae Vespasian Domitilla I Domitian Britannicus Claudius Nero Arrecina Tertulla Marcia Furnilla Julia Berenice M. Julius Agrippa II Postremo constructio Flavian Amphitheatre conficit! Amo Annotamentum Renovo urbem Romae post ille exitialis ignis. Amo Annotamentum Mitto auxilium ad illi vulneraverunt propter eruptionem Vesuviis. Amo Annotamentum Titus Flavius Vespasianus October XXVI MMDCCLXV Facebook iungit. Labor: Regnans Roma Urbs: Roma Urbs Domestica: Roma Discedo pro Sabinis provincias. Redeam post paulo. Amo Annotamentum Amores Imagines De Publius Vergilius Maro October XII MMDCCLXV Facebook iungit. Ego sum laetissimus quod fundam habeo iterum! Amo Annotamentum Ego mirabile Amo Annotamentum Publius Vergilius Maro apud Maeceneas fuit. Amo Annotamentum Amo Annotamentum Amici et Familiae Augustus Maeceneas ...
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...Week 3 Roman Contribution Essay – The Roman Alphabet HIS 101 – History of Western Civilization I Abstract This essay will explore the Roman alphabet, a contribution from the Roman Empire which is used today in the modern world. A contribution so great yet sometimes overlooked. This Roman alphabet was known as the Classic Latin Alphabet. This essay will describe the changes that have taken place to give us the current alphabet used in the United States today as well as a majority of the world either as an official script or co-script. (Richey, 2014) Week 3 Roman Contribution Essay – The Roman Alphabet The Roman Alphabet is one of many contributions given to or handed down to us through centuries from the Romans and the Roman Empire. The Roman Alphabet is a contribution often overlooked in the wake of the architectural, engineered, literal, and governmental contributions from the ancient Romans that has had a major and lasting impact on life even in the modern world today. The Roman alphabet is made up from the Latin alphabet in which the Romans used twenty-three letters in their alphabet as compared to today’s twenty-six letter alphabet. The letters J, U, and W were not included in the Roman alphabet. The term, “alphabet”, in which each letter stands for one sound, seems to have been first used around 1900 B.C. in Egypt. (Social Studies for Kids) The ancient Greeks used this alphabet and created their own alphabet, however the Romans then refined the alphabet...
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...Briefly address why the treatment of the outlying Latium towns was so important to the Roman government. To answer this question, I feel, it is imperative to understand what Latium was at the time. Latium was the region which several city-states were located including Rome. Rome is located right in the heart of Italy on a large plain known as Latium. Rome was evidently the largest city within Latium and was a leader of this region even though Latium towns wanted to be equally treated. After Roman conquests, we understand that Rome recovered much of the land about the Tiber, which she had lost with the expulsion of the kings, So that now her territory included lands not only in Latium, but also in Etruria toward...
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...The Roman empire was built along the Tiber River right next to the Mediterranean sea. They could use the river for all sorts of things like shipping goods, fishing, and transportation. They had the seven hills known as the Alps today to protect the Roman empire. In the alps there people known as the Latins who settled there. The Roman empire was going good they had built colonies in Italy. Latins taught the Romans to grow olives and grapes. The Latins had talked the Romans into using the Greek alphabet. The Romans copied Greek sculptures and other art forms. When rome’s government grew weak the military had grown stronger. When an emperor was in power they had to pay wages to the military that supported them. Roman soldiers turned and attacked...
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...Topics in Cultural Studies: Latin and Vernacular Languages Topics in Cultural Studies: Latin and Vernacular Languages Spanish is spoken today by more than 300 million people around the world and is one of the most common languages of the modern world. Spanish is used in South America, Europe and in some parts of Africa. The once native language of a region in Spain has evolved to become one of the most common languages today after more than six hundred years. It is one of the Indo-European languages and dates back to more than five thousand years. Latin was one of the major languages to influence the development of Spanish over the years as the Roman Empire spread across Europe. Latin gained popularity in the Spanish peninsula as the people adopted in for ease in communication while also adding to it the elements of local dialect which later developed to be known as Hispanic Latin. The Spanish peninsula was later conquered by Muslims who brought Arabic and Islamic literature with them. After the end of the Muslim rule in Spain, Spanish spread to the newly discovered lands of North America when Columbus set out to discover new sea routes to Asia. The conquests of South America and some African lands helped Spanish spread and evolve while accommodating local dialects of the conquered lands. Though many of the conquered areas of Americas gained independence after some years, the people living in those areas had learnt, developed and spread Spanish to an extent that...
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...Michael Polich American InterContinental University Online October 21, 2013 Romance is the native language of Europe that I chose to discuss. The term ”Romance” come from the Vulgar Latin adverb romanice, comes from Romanicus as an example the expression romanice loqui, “to speaking roman, that is the Latin Vernacular as well as with latine loqui, to speak in Latin that is Medival Latin and with Barbarice loqui this is to speak in Barbarian a non- Latin language from the people living outside the Roman Empire. The word Romance novel and love affair, Popular Tales that focused on Love in the medieval literature of Western Europe were composed in the vernacular and come to be called romances. The origins of romance languages are the continuation of Vular Latin. It was spoken by the soldiers, settlers, and merchants of the Roman Empire. The expansion of the Empire between 350 BC and AD 150, made Latin the dominant native language in the Continental Western Europe with its administrative and educational policies. Latin has a strong influence in Southeastern Britain; the Roman province of Africa and the Balkans north of the Jirecek Line. The Empire decline and after it was destroyed in the fifth century. Several types of Latin began to spread within each local area at a fast rate and developed into a continuum of recognizably different geology. In the 15 century the Portugal, Spain and France known as the overseas empire spread...
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...Historical Foundations- Latin America Brandy Barnum HUMA215-1302B-06 6/22/2013 Abstract Latin was the language of the Roman Empire. It is widely debated how Latin started to be spoken by the Romans. Latin is one of many of the Italic languages. The Romance languages are made up of the languages that are descended from Latin. Much of language today is still derived from Latin beginnings and influences the English language as well as other modern languages. Historical Foundations – Latin America Latin is one of the oldest languages known to man. Dating back with beginnings noted in 2nd century BC and continuing through the 18th century, the Latin language has spread and evolved, deriving much language used today from Latin origin. The history of the Latin language includes Archaic Latin, Classical Latin, Vulgar Latin, Medieval Latin, Renaissance Latin, Early Modern Latin and Modern Latin. Archaic , or “Old Latin”, refers to all Latin that was used before 75 BC. The early Latin alphabet, known as the Etruscan Alphabet, was written from right to left but later got revised and was then written from left to right. Vulgar Latin was used from 200-900 BC. Although it is called Vulgar it is not filled with naughty words, but is quite the opposite. Vulgar Latin is how the Romance languages were developed. Medieval Latin was used from 900-1300 BC. Medieval Latin was the form of Latin used in the Middle Ages, it was how scholars spoke and used in the medieval Roman Catholic Church...
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...INDIVIDUAL PROJECT #2 THE ORIGINS OF VERNACUALR LANGUAGES Florie Buerki HUMA215-1301D-01 Professor Laurie Sprankle April 14th 2013 American InterContinental University Abstract The following paper presents a brief history of the Latin language origin, providing a synopsis of the creation of the very first writing method that went through changes and how it spread out the world. In addition and where appropriate, it is indicated how Charlemagne had an influence on the continuity of Latin. Even thought Latin is defined as a dead language and has no real future it has a long history. Latin was commonly used until the twelfth century by educated people, in literature and also in Christian churches in the Roman Empire. Its use went through many changes and took different forms depending on the people using it as a written or spoken purpose and also due to the influences of other surrounding oral communication. (Sayre, 2010) However, Latin was not the first language created by the human being and learning the birth of a written form help to understand where Latin comes from. The very first language was introduced back in 3,000 BC by the very first ancient civilization, the Sumerians. The Sumerians lived in Mesopotamia – modern Southern Iraq – and were an active economical population. Because of a need to record their production and trade was becoming a problem of memory they invented a form of recording using soft clay tablets with the slanted edge...
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...How Latin Effected the Medieval times Lisa J. Schneider AIU Online Abstract Latin had a great effect on the world as it is today, but it all started around the twelfth century. Latin was a language that was used among people that were educated and throughout literature. It was the language used around the time of the Roman Empire, but started to fade after the Empire fell in 1200 A.D. How Latin Effected the Medieval times After the fall of the Roman Empire in 1200 A.D. the Latin language began to fade, and most of the other countries at this time went back to their vernacular language. At this time only the educated people and people throughout literature used this language. However soon after the fall of the Roman Empire the Latin language faded away slowly. Because of the fall of the Roman Empire along with the fade of the Latin Language, vernacular language became its replacement. French After Latin faded away as a language because of the Roman Empire falling, France became the first country to take on the vernacular language and roughly around the fourteenth century, vernacular works spread throughout Europe. The changes that arose presented an important change in the interest of courtly literature. This gave people a greater freedom of expression. This is seen in the poems of troubadours about courtly love. Christianity Christianity was easily spread using vernacular language, as the bible was already translated into the vernacular language in the...
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...Latin Heresiarch: Ending the Socialism of Language with Vernacular Language Could the use of Latin have been a means of socialism of language? Many 12th century writers thought so. With the fall of the Roman Empire came the desire from the common people to let go of some of the common practices and beliefs of Rome and to reach back to their native tongue. For some it was to gain an understanding that had been unclear in the Latin language. For others, it was a new beginning for national realization. The literary movement of Italy helped to shape the medieval climate and eventually bring about the ending of what could possibly have been used as a socialistic language. Latin Heresiarch: Ending the Socialism of Language with Vernacular Language What is Latin? Is it possible that without Latin, English wouldn’t even exist? Latin is a descendant of the Proto-Indo European language that originated in the Italian peninsula. Even though Latin is considered to be a dead language, it is still used to create new words in many languages including English. During the time period 1200 AD Latin went through a lot of phases such as the development of the literary movement, the medieval climate, and the socialism of language. These things along are why Latin is one of the oldest languages of all time. Development of the Literary Movement Latin owes its dominance to the rise of the Roman Empire, but with the demise of Rome comes the demise of the Latin language around 1200...
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...Significance of Ancient Roman Civilization Tuesday, October 02, 2012 7:29 PM Argument for how the achievements of ancient Roman civilization impacted subsequent Western civilization Established one of the largest empires in the world. Enduring legacy that continues to influence Western civilization Achievements: Law and Administration Roads and bridges Institution of a bilingual culture Of greatest significance: Roman Law and Administration Based on principles of justice and reason Instituted a system of common laws to protect citizens Notable aspects that many modern day governments uphold today: The recognition that all men are to be treated equal under the law A person is to be considered guilty until proven innocent The ancient Roman civilization did more than establish one of the largest empires in the world; they also left an enduring legacy which continues to influence Western civilization. Achievements in the areas of law and administration, construction of roads and bridges, and the institution of a bilingual culture helped to form an cultural infrastructure that has prevailed through the ages. Of greatest significance, is the Romans contribution in the areas of law and administration Their laws were based on principles of justice and reason. They institutes a system of common laws that served to protect citizens. A couple of important aspects we continue to value today are the recognition that all people are to be treated equal under...
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...how the Latin language was strong for the much extended timespan that it survived. It describes where the origins that the different vernaculars played a dominate role in dissipating the Latin language. It also explains what effect it had on the people during the time of change of languages and what outcomes could have participated from the change. The Beginning of Many Different New Languages in the Twelfth Century Latin was the dominate language during the time of the Roman Empire before its fall in the early twelfth century. It was around the early twelfth century that the Roman Empire began to fall and the Latin language started to dissipate. The change began from people most distant and gradually made its way to the source. Most individuals during this time saw the change to be good and could only fathom the outcome had it continued to grow. Many of the people during this time chose to use their preferred vernacular opposed to the Latin language. As stated by the Editorial Board (2011), “Until the early twelfth century, the language of almost all educated circles in Europe, and certainly in literature, was Latin. Gradually, however, writers began to address their works to a wider lay audience and to write in the vernacular, the language spoken in the streets.” Latin had played a very significant role during the medieval times. Latin was the dominate language during the time of the Roman Empire before its fall in the early twelfth century. Latin was the...
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...Language and Literacy As the geographic territory under Roman control grew, the use of Latin as a common language also spread. In areas under Roman control, Latin was the spoken and written language of the courts and commerce, as well as the language of the Christian church. As the Roman Empire expanded, Latin served as a common language that allowed for people of diverse linguistic backgrounds to be able to communicate. Latin, like other languages past and present, had more than one form and changed over time because it was both written and spoken, and the educational level or social status of the writer or speaker often determined the final form of the language. Latin was also influenced by local languages spoken or written within the larger territory under the influence of what later came to be known as the Roman Empire. During the Carolingian Renaissance, throughout the reign of Charlemagne and his successors, the development of Latin literacy was greatly promoted. Although reading and writing were skills that some people had, literacy was not widespread before that time. Literacy in Latin was generally limited to people of the upper classes and members of the clergy. Charlemagne invited Alcuin of York to become his personal tutor and the head of his court school. Charlemagne charged Alcuin with the development of a literacy curriculum for children that would provide for their instruction in reading and writing, as well as for further study in the liberal arts and theology...
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...Historical Foundations Latin was one of the main languages that were used within literature and by the educated person. Many of the words used in different languages such as Italian, Spanish, French, have roots that are in Latin. Even the English language uses words that have Latin roots as well. This language was one that was adapted by many cultures as it was more of a universal language and easier for others to understand. The vernacular language refers to the language of the people or the native language that is used in a culture. Most languages have been adapted from the vernacular language of Latin. I wanted to take a look at Italy and their language to determine how it changed from Latin and how it spread based on different influences as well. The Italian language happens to be the closet language to Latin now (Latin Language, 2012). The Latin language came from Northern Europe and expanded along side of the growth of the Roman State. Latin was also influenced by other languages that were spoken and continued to develop over time. There were many differences when it came to the use of Latin in writing and how it was used when speaking due to the education or lack of education of individuals. Another influence of the Latin language was religion. The Greek and Latin fathers of the Church had come together to create the definition of the Christian doctrine (Sayre, 2012). The ways of communication through the Western Church were all dependant on the Latin language. The Greek...
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...the language spread. Latin has significantly influenced the creation of the Spanish language as well as the development of many other Western languages. I will also discuss the ways in which Latin has influenced Western language development. History of Vernacular Language Spanish has one of the richest and longest histories of any of the world’s languages. It is the fourth most-spoken language in the world after Chinese, Hindi and English. Native Spanish speakers exist throughout Europe, the United States, Pacific Islands and Africa (Penny, 2002). Spanish originated on the Iberian Peninsula which is located in the southwestern region of Europe. The vernacular language was not originally known as Spanish, it was referred to as Vulgar Latin. The Celts were a nomadic tribe from central Europe who moved into the peninsula towards the end of the sixth century. The Celts mixed with the peninsula’s residents, the Iberians resulting in a new people known as the Celtiberians who spoke a form of the Celtic language. By the nineteenth century B.C.E., the region in southwestern Europe was known as Hispania and the inhabitants learned Latin from Roman settlers, traders and soldiers. Soon after the people in Hispania learned Latin, a new language was created as a mixture of the Celtiberians language and classical Latin (Penny, 2002). The new language became known as Vulgar Latin which developed into modern Spanish. Vulgar Latin was similar to classical Latin but implemented many...
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