Free Essay

The Beginning of Many Different New Languages in the Twelfth Century

In:

Submitted By tranterjustin
Words 1000
Pages 4
Abstract
This is an informational article on how new languages came to be in the early twelfth century. This article also discusses which languages came into Europe and how they arrived there whether it had been though passing performers or musicians. It shows what effect it had during the medieval times. Also, this article explains how the Latin language was strong for the much extended timespan that it survived. It describes where the origins that the different vernaculars played a dominate role in dissipating the Latin language. It also explains what effect it had on the people during the time of change of languages and what outcomes could have participated from the change.

The Beginning of Many Different New Languages in the Twelfth Century Latin was the dominate language during the time of the Roman Empire before its fall in the early twelfth century. It was around the early twelfth century that the Roman Empire began to fall and the Latin language started to dissipate. The change began from people most distant and gradually made its way to the source. Most individuals during this time saw the change to be good and could only fathom the outcome had it continued to grow. Many of the people during this time chose to use their preferred vernacular opposed to the Latin language. As stated by the Editorial Board (2011), “Until the early twelfth century, the language of almost all educated circles in Europe, and certainly in literature, was Latin. Gradually, however, writers began to address their works to a wider lay audience and to write in the vernacular, the language spoken in the streets.” Latin had played a very significant role during the medieval times. Latin was the dominate language during the time of the Roman Empire before its fall in the early twelfth century. Latin was the biggest language known amongst all people and had controlled the majority of the western world. Many attempts during the dominancy of the Latin language were made by Germany to have their preferred vernacular dominate over Latin but all attempts failed, again, until the fall of the Roman Empire. During the peaks of the Roman Empire, the Latin language emphasized itself and held the strongest of all vernaculars. During the fall of the Roman Empire, the Latin language started to dissipate. In England, they reutilized the old English language because of the inspiration that came from Alfred the great who wrote many of his inspiring pieces, including religious pieces, in the old English language, (SPCScott, 2011). Many people used French as a vernacular because of traveling entertainers, and judicial situations. “A large percentage of the vernacular in France was romance; which stemmed from individuals jotting down stories as they were told by musicians that were passing through,” stated by SPCScott (2011). This vernacular can be dated back as far as the Charlemagne in the twelfth century. As for Germany, their vernacular can be dated as far back as the early eighth century. According to SPCScott (2011), it was in the 12th century that many of the French stories had been translated in to the German language, and that’s when their language was used by some of the individuals in Europe. It was in the fourteenth century that the majority of Europeans was speaking in the German language. “Although spelling and grammar were not standardized yet, there was a sufficient literary tradition to ensure that eventual standardization would occur and that people from various dialects would be able to read a common language and understand each other,” stated by, SPCScott (2011). This language had a huge impact on the majority of Europe between the tenth and the fourteenth century. According to the Editorial Board (2011), in the twelfth century, the French started spreading their vernacular in Europe by song that was of Roland and Chrétien de Troyes’s Lancelot. It was in the early fourteenth century that different vernaculars began to spread throughout Italy and made its way throughout Europe Dante Alighieri was a brilliant Italian writer and in Florence around 1308 he began a revolution with a different vernacular through his comedy. Of course, as most changes that happen to cultures, there is always outcomes weather it’s good or bad. During the time the Latin vernacular started to dissipate, there were three different possible endings of the change of language. The first possible outcome could have been that as time moved on; less people would be literate with the Latin vernacular and would dominate over those who were illiterate. Second, every individual that was illiterate in the Latin language would need to; learn, read, and write in the Latin form even though the political influence had not yet been created. The last possible outcome could have been that the vernacular would not only have been the spoken language but also would have to be standardized in the language of religion, commerce and government. It is believed that since the start of using different vernaculars, it created the revolution of national identity, (SPCScott, 2011). Different vernaculars came into Europe though songs and stories and then ended by being applied to all aspects of life. The uses of different languages were such a significant value to the people during this time. It allowed people to grow with their desired vernacular and then allowed each individual to claim their religion and/or nationality. People were able to grow together because of this change through many different perspectives. This was such a significant change that it also allowed people to relate to bigger groups of people and eventually lead to individuals being able to have a bigger variety of people they could have common grounds with.

References

Henry M. Sayre. (2013). “Discovering The Humanities” (2nd Ed.). (ch.6, p.197). Pearson.

SPCScott. (2011). “Until The Twelfth Century, Latin Was The Language Used Among The
Educated And Within Literature.” Retrieved from;
http://www.bukisa.com/articles/490407_until-the-twelfth-century-latin-was-the-language-used-among-the-educated-and-within-literature

Similar Documents

Free Essay

Unit 2 Hum 215 Aiu

...Latin. The origins of language is an important aspect of our culture. We write and speak to get points across. The President of the United States makes his arguments to the Senate and other countries by using English. If we were in the period of time, everything important would be in Latin. The journey of language was not an overnight change. Other languages also help shape our language as we know it now. I often wonder where languages come from. Not such different dialactes that come with different areas of the United States. But during the origins of language with its spread from culture to culture came changes. Now that there is a different means to communicate, people may not agree with one another. According to the Merriam-Webster online dictionary, the term vernacular can be defined as using a language that is native to a country or province rather than a cultured, foreign, or literary language (Merriam-Webster, 2011). These languages would one day be known as Portuguese, French, Spanish, Italian, and etc. The vernacular languages would also be considered as the large family of contemporary “Romance” languages. Before the twelfth century, Latin was the major language that was used. Especially by writers, This means all of the books were in Latin. This is how teachings and traditions were passed down. This affected the development of a society. “The developments of Latin were influenced by other native languages which included Celtic languages, Greek, and Etruscan” (University...

Words: 815 - Pages: 4

Free Essay

The History of Vernacular Languages

...The History of Vernacular Languages Lea Pidgeon American Intercontinental University Online Abstract This paper discusses the origins and history of vernacular languages in the twelfth century. It also describes some of the cultural changes that resulted from this shift in language. The History of Vernacular Languages One definition for vernacular language is “The everyday language spoken by a people as distinguished from the literary language” (Farlex Inc,, 2013). There are many forms of vernacular languages that vary from region to region within a particular country. A few examples include: Celtic Languages, such as, Irish Gaelic, Scots Gaelic (Erse), Manx Gaelic Germanic languages, such as, Bavarian German, Dutch, English (Old English, Anglo-Saxon), Frisian, High German, Low German, and Yiddish. During the rise of the Roman Empire Latin became the common language. Only the upper class and clergy were literate in Latin. During the High Middle Ages, the feudal aristocracy felt the need for literacy and education. This created a demand for literature that applied to the lives if the ruling military class. This brought about the beginning of the spread of different forms of vernacular language. The spread of vernacular languages was also due to the consolidation of monarchies and the decreased papal influence. Due to the breakdown of Christendom, separate countries ruled by one king or emperor (Applied History Research Group, 1997). These events created...

Words: 825 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

Civilization History

...ECONOMIC EXPANSION: 1-The Growing Population: The population of Europe began rising and may have doubled by warmer climate. Technology developed. People were living longer and healthier by eating well, beans of protein were grew widely. After that the human impacted strongly to the natural as forest and sea (page 228). 2-Technological Gains: The twelfth century, technology developed in Europe. Innovations occurred in agriculture, transportation, mining, and manufacturing. By the late twelfth century greater crop yield, horses was widely used as cattle, they hauled loads farther and faster than oxen. Plows have been improved and applied widely. The nitrogen-fixing trees were plant as peas and some beans. Transportation was improved with the safer roads and better vehicles. Foodstuff could be moved farther and faster. Seaborne trades were expanded, facilitated sea travel development .Trade road blocked by snow, rain, mud and robbed led to travel difficulties. No one can change the weather.( page 228-229). 3-Forms of Enterprise: Agricultural specialization became common. Cultivation was growing because of suit with condition climate local. In Toulouse, Blue and yellow dyes were made. The central regions of France focused on cereal grains, Bordeaux and Burgundy regions produced wine, Northern Germany specialized in cattle was raising, Northern England favored sheep. Italian wines and olive oil were move from countryside to the city. French wines were prized throughout Europe...

Words: 4673 - Pages: 19

Premium Essay

Syncretism

...INDIVIDUAL PROJECT #2 THE ORIGINS OF VERNACUALR LANGUAGES Florie Buerki HUMA215-1301D-01 Professor Laurie Sprankle April 14th 2013 American InterContinental University Abstract The following paper presents a brief history of the Latin language origin, providing a synopsis of the creation of the very first writing method that went through changes and how it spread out the world. In addition and where appropriate, it is indicated how Charlemagne had an influence on the continuity of Latin. Even thought Latin is defined as a dead language and has no real future it has a long history. Latin was commonly used until the twelfth century by educated people, in literature and also in Christian churches in the Roman Empire. Its use went through many changes and took different forms depending on the people using it as a written or spoken purpose and also due to the influences of other surrounding oral communication. (Sayre, 2010) However, Latin was not the first language created by the human being and learning the birth of a written form help to understand where Latin comes from. The very first language was introduced back in 3,000 BC by the very first ancient civilization, the Sumerians. The Sumerians lived in Mesopotamia – modern Southern Iraq – and were an active economical population. Because of a need to record their production and trade was becoming a problem of memory they invented a form of recording using soft clay tablets with the slanted edge...

Words: 1074 - Pages: 5

Free Essay

Indian Forms of Dialect

...Indian forms of Dialectic India is rich in languages. There are a quite a number of languages spoken in India. Some of these languages are accepted nationally while others are accepted as dialects of that particular region.  The Indian languages belong to four language families namely Indo-European, Dravidian, Austroasiatic (Austric) and Sino-Tibetan. Majority of India's population are using Indo-European and Dravidian languages. The former are spoken mainly in northern and central regions and the latter in southern India. Some ethnic groups in Assam and other parts of eastern India speak Austric languages. People in the northern Himalayan region and near the Burmese border speak Sino-Tibetan languages. The written forms of language or scripts come from an ancient Indian script called Brahmi.  India has 22 officially recognised languages. But around 33 different languages and 2000 dialects have been identified in India. Hindi, in the Devanagari script is the official language of the Federal government of India. English is an associate official language. Sanskrit, the classical language of India, represents the highest achievement of the Indo-Aryan Languages. The beginning of Sanskrit literature may be traced back to Rig Vedic period.  It is the oldest literary language of India, which is more than 5,000 years old and the basis of many modern Indian languages including Hindi and Urdu. Its earliest dialect form, Vedic was spoken by the Aryans. All the classical literature...

Words: 974 - Pages: 4

Free Essay

Effects of Vernacular Language

...Effects of the Vernacular Language Candace Rayford Aiu Online- Huma215-1204-20 September 2012 Abstract The Vernacular Language- simply defined as the language spoken in the streets (Sayre, 2010). This is the language that will be heard spoken amongst the common people, and used to define and identify the groups of people. The Vernacular Language impacted and changed the cultures during the early centuries. There are several factors that contribute and are responsible for the rise and spread of the vernacular language. A few of the main contributors that will be discussed in the following reading are the demand of spreading religion, demand of education, and the need of a commonly spoken language for the literature to be produced in to be available to all. The first ones to begin the practice of the vernacular language within their works of literacy were the French. France begin this in the twelfth century, a year later at the beginning of the 14th century, vernacular language had spread to parts of Europe, eventually taking over Europe. Gradually as this language made its way through the regions, writers began to expand their works to a bigger audience by writing in the vernacular. One of the greatest writers to use the vernacular language in their work was the poet Dante Alighieri (1265-1321). Normally reading and writing were skills that only a small number of people possessed. The literacy in Latin was generally limited to the people of the upper class and members...

Words: 926 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

They Sold My Sister

...Question 3. Why did Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam emerge when and where they did? Question 4. How did Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam interact with, provide justification for, and conflict with various states and empires in Afro-Eurasia? The Big Picture How is this topic related to Increasing Integration? As Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam spread across the borders and frontiers of Afro-Eurasia, they integrated diverse peoples by means of a common religion. How is this topic related to Proliferating Difference? The spread of Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam introduced new beliefs and practices to a wide variety of peoples. These beliefs and practices were often quite different from indigenous religions. In addition, indigenous beliefs and practices often changed the new religions as they adapted to local conditions. These changes frequently resulted in the development of different sects within the new religions. Unit Purpose ß Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam spread across borders and frontiers as a result of missionaries, pilgrims, and trade. Each of these three major world religions changed over time, and all served as elements of change in the societies where they were introduced. ß 1 ß Conversion to the three major world religions was facilitated by the ability of each to adapt to local circumstances. 2 Unit Content Overview The three major world religions — Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam — changed over time and were transmitted across cultures. This unit...

Words: 2000 - Pages: 8

Premium Essay

How Did Buddhism Change America

...Buddha Research Paper Throughout all of time the world has changed in many different ways. These changes occurred in the categories of architecture, intelligence, the human body itself, but the most important change is religion. Religion has changed in the way people depict their deity but the basic teachings of the specific religion remains the same. People may argue that the teachings have changed, which is true to an extent. The change is not necessarily a major change it is just the different ways that people interpret the teachings of their certain religion but the foundation of the teaching will stay the same such as "one shall not kill, commit adultery and steal". These are just some of the basic teachings in every religion. Although...

Words: 1871 - Pages: 8

Free Essay

Historical Foundations

...Historical Foundations Laketa Byrd American InterContinental University Abstract Latin was once the official language used in religion, education, law, business and government until the sixteenth century. Although Latin’s were able to adapt to the native language of other regions, the Latin language became less used and less recognizable to people and many vernacular languages were already beginning to form and spread. Because the vernacular language was easier for anyone to be able to read and write, it became the native language in the later part of the middle ages. Before this time, most texts and literature was written by either the French or Latin and only by those that were superior in literacy and education, professional and rich as they were the main ones using and able to read and write in Latin. When average everyday people started learning how to read and write, they created their own language as a way of communicating with each other, the vernacular language. This language was later used in in everyday life. In this report, I’ll discuss the origin of the vernacular language, how it became widespread and the impact this language had on society, religion and the Latin language. Historical Foundations Latin was once the only language of the Roman Catholic Church and was one of many common languages being used to worship God and was mainly used among the rich and those that were educated and highly literate to help people from...

Words: 1598 - Pages: 7

Free Essay

Lyon

...the river. Every city, no doubt, is to be complicated, Lyon more than another, that strikes the historian by his wealth, his sudden transformations, its originality or its strangeness. It is not the same from one century to the next century and more constrained than going willingly, she spends endless originality to another. It is, in itself, a difficult problem of the historian of France, perhaps the key issue, surely clef20 indicator. ' Prehistory and Antiquity [edit] Main article: Lugdunum. Statue of Lucius Plancus Munatius, founder of Lyon. Model of Lugdunum, the former capital of the Gauls in the Musée Gallo-Roman Fourvière. The Neolithic to the second Iron Age finds many different tracks habitat and objects of every kind attest the existence of a relay wine trade between the Mediterranean coast and the north (sixth century BC. AD). In the absence of more sophisticated artifacts, we can not at this time about the village or ville21. On the Fourvière hill, they found thousands of amphorae. It is possible that this is a place where the Gallic chiefs gathered to feast in honor of the god Lug. Capital of the Gauls [edit] Lucius Plancus Munatius based on the site a Roman colony under the name of Colonia Copia Felix Munatia Lugdunum in 43 BC. BC. The beginnings of the colony are poorly understood. It is not fitted with wall, at most a berm surrounding ditches and palisades with the image of romains22 camps. But the city of earth and wood gives way to building the foundations...

Words: 4342 - Pages: 18

Premium Essay

Report Submission Strategies

...Act I, scenes i–ii Summary: Act I, scene i If music be the food of love, play on, . . . O spirit of love, how quick and fresh are thou. . . . In the land of Illyria, Duke Orsino enters, attended by his lords. Orsino is hopelessly in love with the beautiful Lady Olivia and pines away for her. He refuses to hunt and orders musicians to entertain him while he thinks about his desire for Olivia. His servant Valentine reminds him that Olivia does not return his love or even listen to the messages he sends her. We learn from Valentine that Olivia is in mourning for her brother, who has recently died. She wears a dark veil, and she has vowed that no one will see her face for another seven years—and she refuses to marry anyone until then. Orsino, obsessed with the woman who keeps refusing him, wants only to lie around on beds of flowers, listening to sweet music and dreaming of Olivia. Summary: Act I, scene ii Meanwhile, on the Illyrian sea coast, a young noblewoman named Viola speaks with the captain whose crew has just rescued her from a shipwreck. Although Viola was found and rescued, her brother, Sebastian, seems to have vanished in the storm. The captain tells Viola that Sebastian may still be alive. He says that he saw Sebastian trying to keep afloat by tying himself to a broken mast. But Viola does not know whether or not it is worth holding onto hope. In the meantime, however, she needs to find a way to support herself in this strange land. The ship’s captain tells Viola...

Words: 3716 - Pages: 15

Premium Essay

Huineng's Buddhism

...Huineng was the sixth patriarch of Ch’an Buddhism and was considered one of the founders of Ch’an Buddhism, next to Bodhidharma. He lived in the seventh century and made huge contributions to Chan Buddhism. He was an illiterate kitchen monk who lived with the fifth patriarch of Chan Buddhism, Hongren. Hongren, who was significant to the development of East Mountain Schools, taught Huineng and lead him to reach enlightenment. The legend, The Platform Sutra on Meditation and Wisdom, attributes the teaching of both gradual and sudden enlightenment to Huineng; the sutra is one of the most well known in the East Asian Buddhist world. The legend shows the divergence between Northern School of Ch’an advocating gradual enlightenment and Southern...

Words: 2006 - Pages: 9

Premium Essay

Roman Law

...citizens. In 450 b.c. the Twelve Tables were erected in the Roman Forum. Set forth in tablets of wood or bronze, the law was put on public display, where it could be invoked by persons seeking remedies for their problems. Though the texts of the tablets have not survived, historians believe they dealt with legal procedures, torts, and Family Law issues. From 753 to 31 b.c., the Roman republic developed the jus civile, or Civil Law. This law was based on both custom and legislation and applied only to Roman citizens. By the third century b.c., the Romans developed the jus gentium, rules of International Law that were applied to interactions between Romans and foreigners. Over time the jus gentium became a massive compendium of law produced by magistrates and governors. Romans divided the law into jus scriptum, written law, and jus non scriptum, unwritten law. The unwritten law was based on custom and usage, while the written law came from legislation and many types of written sources, including edicts and proclamations issued by magistrates, resolutions of the Roman Senate, laws issued by the emperor, and legal disquisitions of prominent lawyers. Roman law concerned itself with every type of legal...

Words: 2733 - Pages: 11

Free Essay

Characterisics of Mediealism

...• Characteristics of Medieval Literature Themes of Medieval Literature: • The Seven Deadly Sins • The Seven Heavenly Virtues • Physiognomy and "The Humours" • Values of "courtly love" • The Code of Chivalry(CF) The Poets and Authors: Caedmon: First English poet; author of "The Dream of the Holy Rood." Venerable Bede: wrote the Ecclesiastical History of England and the scientific treatise, De Natura Rerum. Geoffrey Chaucer: Famous Medieval author of the Canterbury Tales. Margery Kempe: Author of the first autobiography in English. John Gower: Medieval poet and friend of Geoffrey Chaucer Francesco Petrarch: Italian poet, and a humanist. Famous for his poems addressed to Laura. Dante: Medieval poet and politician. Christine de Pizan: Medieval author and feminist. William Longland: English poet who wrote the Vision of Piers Plowman. Boccaccio: Italian writer who was famous for writing the Decameron. Raphael Holinshed: Medieval author of Holinshed's Chronicles of England, Scotland, and Ireland. (KM) Romance: • Chivalry was the reason behind this type of literature. • The greatest English example of the romance is Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. • The romance hero-who often has the help of magic-undertakes a quest to conquer an evil enemy. (KM) Chivalry: • A system of ideals and social codes governing the behavior of knights and gentlewoman. • The rules included: taking an oath of loyalty to the overlord and observing...

Words: 2932 - Pages: 12

Premium Essay

The Development of the English Literary Language

...LITERARY (STANDARD) LANGUAGE ( From: I.R.Galperin. Stylistics. Moscow: Higher School, 1977. pp. 41-57) Up till now we have done little more than mention the literary (standard) language, which is one of the most important notions in stylistics and general linguistics. It is now necessary to elucidate this linguistic notion by going a little deeper into what constitutes the concept and to trace the stages in the development of the English standard language. This is necessary in order to avoid occasional confusion of terms differently used in works on the history, literature and style of the English language. Confusion between the terms "literary language" and "language of literature" is frequently to be met. Literary language is a historical category. It exists as a variety of the national language.' "It must be remembered," said A. M. Gorki, "that language is the creation of the people. The division of the language into literary and vernacular only means that there are, as it were, a rough unpolished tongue and one wrought by men-of-letters."1 The literary language is that elaborated form (variety) of the national language which obeys definite morphological, phonetic, syntactical, lexical, phraseological and stylistic norms2 recognized as standard and therefore acceptable in all kinds and types of discourse. It allows modifications but within the frame work of the system of established norms. It casts out some of the forms of language which are considered to...

Words: 8269 - Pages: 34