...UNDERSTANDING ADDICTION The word “addiction” may conjure up an image of a sluggish heroin junkie or an erratic crack head. It could also bring to mind a chain smoker or a staggering drunk. Once reserved to describe the state of clinical dependence on a substance as a result of extended abuse, the concept of addiction is widening and includes activities that seem less obviously harmful at the surface. Addiction may not always be as visible as track marks or as noticeably threatening as a drunk-driving accident. The concept of addiction isn’t just abstract to the layperson. It’s been controversial within the mental health community as well. The most widely-used reference in the medical mental health community, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), is due to be published by the American Psychological Association in its fifth revision in April 2013. Its purpose is to create a common language between practitioners so that diagnoses will be consistent from one clinician to the next (DSM-5 Development). In the book, the word “addiction” was forgone in favor of either “substance dependence” or “substance abuse,” in a very narrow decision. Charles O’Brien, a member of the committee that worked on the revision between DSM-III and DSM-IV, stated that the difference was a single vote. In an editorial published in the American Journal of Psychiatry, O’Brien urged the committee responsible for the changes being made in the fifth revision not to make...
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...THE EXCLUSIONARY RULE Geoff Moore LSTD503 CRIMINAL JUSTICE PROCESS The Exclusionary Rule In 1763, William Pitt spoke in front of Parliament. In that speech he stated that the King of England cannot enter with all his forces. It can be said that the American colonists went to war, the Revolutionary War, with England to stand up for their rights. One of those rights was the protection from illegal searches and seizures. When the Congress debated on the wording of the Fourth Amendment, they had an extreme importance of needed protection from government encroachment. The Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution was designed and written specifically to protect citizens from illegal searches and seizures: “The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.” [1] The exclusionary rule excludes evidence that was collected from an illegal search from being presented to convict someone of a crime. It is asserted to reject illegitimate police behavior by not allowing unlawfully seized evidence from being allowed in court. [2] When defense lawyers use the exclusionary rule, properly, it consistently damaging the district attorney’s case. This is why the officers are constantly being...
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...Why Marijuana Should Remain Illegal Published: February 26, 1994 * Sign In to E-Mail * Print To the Editor: I read with concern "Legalizing Marijuana Would Allow Regulation of Its Potency" (letter, Feb. 13). According to the writer, marijuana with high levels of tetrahydrocannabinol, or THC (the chemical that causes the psychoactive effects on the abuser), is not a new phenomenon, and this high potency should not be used as a reason to keep marijuana illegal. Marijuana is not the same drug it was 20 years ago. Special fertilizers, plant hormones and steroids, carbon dioxide and advanced indoor horticulture techniques are used by the informed grower to "push" the plant to produce the highest grade, most potent variety of marijuana, sinsemilla. Because of its potency, domestic marijuana is the most highly prized cannabis product in the world. In 1970, the average THC content of a marijuana plant was 1.5 percent. The THC content of today's sinsemilla variety ranges from 8 percent to 20 percent. Today's marijuana is a drug that is significantly more potent than it was during the Woodstock era. The writer then states that "if the Government really believes that stronger varieties of marijuana are less desirable, then it has one more reason to support legalization. If cultivation of marijuana were legal, growers would not be pressed to produce the strongest possible product, and health authorities would be able to regulate its production and strength." This logic doesn't...
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...community. The opening sentences of the speech show that the author is going to present sad news –“ that the man who dedicated his life to struggling for the justice – Martin Luther King is killed. The author stresses that it will be difficult times filled with bitterness and violence, but also notices the reason of Martin Luther King’s death, that he died in the cause of effort to replace that violence from people’s life and to make this world better” Indianapolis, IN This two are clear example of a psychology level of influence. Also his opening sentence “I have some very sad news for all of you, and, I think, sad news for all of our fellow citizens, and people who love peace all over the world” Indianapolis, IN Further on the speaker calls the people to continue this efforts, don’t let them be wasted and find the strength to go beyond this times. Next, he points out that the United States don’t need division and hatred but love and wisdom, and this is the climax of his speech. These are example of cultural level of influence by stating that USA culture is love and wisdom. After that the speech turns into more optimistic way inspiring the listeners to dedicate them selves to domestic the savageness of man and to improve the quality of their life. As this piece of text is rhetoric speech, its purpose is to inform the...
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...BECOME THE BEST YOU POSSIBLE: THE PURSUIT OF MEDICINE “The art of healing comes from nature, not from the physician. Therefore the physician must start from nature, with an open mind….” - Paracelsus By Dan Hong FCIQ Collins W04 Assignment due Tuesday 4/26/2016 The Pursuit of Medicine: Table of Contents Introduction to myself……………………………………………………..3 Career Profile………………………………………………………………..4 Anthropology ………………………………………………………………..7 Sociology………………………………………………………………………..13 Psychology…………………………………………………………………….16 Political Science…………………………………………………………….20 Economics……………………………………………………………………….26 History……………………………………………………………………………32 Philosophy………………………………………………………………………38 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………..43 Bibliography/works cited…………………………………………………..45 The Start of a Journey: Introduction of myself If there’s a will, there’s a way. And if there is a way, Dan Hong has the will. Ever since I was born, I was curious about the world. I always said yes to trying new foods, taking mental and physical risks, and learning new skills when possible. I was born and raised in Queens, New York where I hustled on the daily; interacted with people of all kinds and developed a New Yorker mentality of “time is money” and acquired a taste for Italian, Korean, and Indian food. Then, I moved to the Great Neck bubble where I felt as if my development was being stagnated because of the lack of diversity and opportunities. But that didn’t stop me—I traveled to new...
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...Mandaluyong City. The Narcom agents decided to entrap and arrest “Jun” in a buy-bust operation scheduled on December 5, 1995 at E. Jacinto Street in Mandaluyong City. On December 5, 1995, at 6:00 in the morning, P/Insp. Cortes designated PO3 Manlangit as the poseur-buyer and SPO1 Badua as his back-up, and the rest of the team as perimeter security. PO3 Manlangit set aside P1,600.00 as money for the buy-bust operation.. PO3 Manlangit marked the bills with his initials and listed their serial numbers in the police blotter. At 7:20 of the same morning, “Jun” appeared and the CI introduced PO3 Manlangit as interested in buying one (1) kilo of marijuana. PO3 Manlangit handed “Jun” the marked bills worth P1,600.00. “Jun” instructed PO3 Manlangit to wait for him at the corner of Shaw Boulevard and Jacinto Street while he got the marijuana from his associate. An hour later, “Jun” appeared at the agreed place where PO3 Manlangit, the CI and the rest of the team were waiting. “Jun” took out from his bag an object wrapped in plastic and gave it to PO3 Manlangit. PO3 Manlangit forthwith arrested “Jun” as SPO1 Badua rushed to help in the arrest. They frisked “Jun” but did not find the marked bills on him. Upon inquiry, “Jun” revealed that he left the money at the house of his associate named “Neneth.” “Jun” led the police team to “Neneth’s” house nearby at Daang Bakal. The team found the door of “Neneth’s” house open and a woman inside. “Jun” identified the woman as his associate...
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...and recommendations. Contemporary Issues Laws and expectations change with each passing year; decisions vary with the times and public opinion. The stated goal for all is fairness combined with efficiency within the private and criminal justice systems. Justice should be obtained with equal actions regarding the constitutional rights that are afforded to all citizens including previously convicted offenders and the issue of public safety. The main concern is fairness, efficiency and just plain effectiveness. It becomes an issue when one tries to determine how effective these policies are and how much trust can be found within these findings due to personal bias and effectiveness of the figures presented. The setting up of the measurement system and how much weight this system carries for performance expectations is critical. The problem of what changes should or can be made to resolve the existing gap between performance and the expectations (Reynolds, S. J., (2006). Weight given to a particular problem could be caused by using the information that may not be legally relevant or so outdated that it is useless. Differing areas of the country will place more or less importance on specific areas of crime along with differing ideas of proper punishment for said crimes. In order to...
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...Conflicting Federal and State Medical Marijuana Policies: A Threat to Cooperative Federalism Todd Grabarsky* Abstract The legal status of medical marijuana in the United States is something of a paradox. On one hand, federal government has placed a ban on the drug with no exceptions. On the other hand, over one-third of the states have that legalizes the cultivation, distribution, and consumption of the drug for medical purposes. As such, the usage of medical marijuana is an activity that is at the same time proscribed (by the federal government) and encouraged (by state governments through their systems of regulation and taxation). This Article seeks to shed light on this unprecedented nebulous zone of legality in which an activity is both legal and illegal, an issue that one scholar on the subject has deemed “one of the most important federalism disputes in a generation.” The issue has become heightened as two states have legalized marijuana for recreational (non-medical) purposes as a result of recent 2012 Election. This Article examines the issue from a federalism perspective. It begins by arguing that unpredictable enforcement by federal authorities in states that have legalized medical marijuana not only threatens state drug policy, but also the efficacy of federal enforcement. This argument is based on the premise that the federal drug ban exists as a cooperation between the states and the federal government. That the federal government relies on the assistance...
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...warrant operations during this rating period. Officer Trusler understands what is needed in a search warrant entry plan and what areas are likely to cause problems or concerns. He plans for these problem areas and informs me of them early in his planning phase. The following are examples of Officer Trusler's job knowledge in this area: Report# 16-1719 occurred at 921 S. Roanoke. This incident involved a search warrant for the Special Investigations Unit who was searching for heroin, marijuana and firearms. The targets of the investigation were career criminals, had violent criminal histories, were known to be armed and were confirmed members of the Gangster Disciples criminal street gang. Officer Trusler completed an operations plan that included...
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...General Practitioner Paper SWK 6370 10/3/2014 | Assessment (Hepworth, 2013, p. 192-193) Client is Ms. Juana Hernandez, though Will County Health Department, made referral to Joliet Area Community Hospice- it increasingly hard to cope with her 9 year old son’s death. As the anniversary of his death comes near, client has thoughts of suicide and finds it unbearable to face the fact that her son is dead. Ms. Hernandez is 38, single mom, and has two daughters, ages 5 and 8. She lives in a two bedroom apartment. * Ms. Hernandez is currently facing legal problems for driving on a suspended license. Client drives to and from appointments; thus raising concerns. Client is currently being treated for suicidal thoughts related to her son’s death. She reports that she’s taking all prescribed medications and has no thoughts of hurting herself and/or others. * Ms. Hernandez also expresses concerns for her other two daughters in the household. The girls are 5 and 8 years old. Recently her daughter (5 year old) had been playing in her room unattended and somehow managed to fall from the second floor window. The daughter told her mother that her deceased brother told her to play with him. The client acknowledges that she and her 5 year old daughter are being medically treated for Bipolar Disorder. Client has also been diagnosed with Schizophrenia. * She was sexually assaulted as a teenager and has not sought counseling to cope with the effects of the assault. Client appears...
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...The impact of health and health behaviours on educational outcomes in high-income countries: a review of the evidence Marc Suhrcke, School of Medicine, Health Policy and Practice, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom Carmen de Paz Nieves, Fundación Ideas, Madrid, Spain ISBN 978 92 890 0220 2 Keywords HEALTH BEHAVIOR - HEALTH STATUS - EDUCATIONAL STATUS - RISK FACTORS - SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS - REVIEW LITERATURE Suggested citation Suhrcke M, de Paz Nieves C (2011). The impact of health and health behaviours on educational outcomes in highincome countries: a review of the evidence. Copenhagen, WHO Regional Office for Europe. Address requests about publications of the WHO Regional Office for Europe to: Publications WHO Regional Office for Europe Scherfigsvej 8 DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark Alternatively, complete an online request form for documentation, health information, or for permission to quote or translate, on the Regional Office web site (http://www.euro.who.int/pubrequest). © World Health Organization 2011 All rights reserved. The Regional Office for Europe of the World Health Organization welcomes requests for permission to reproduce or translate its publications, in part or in full. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning...
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...14 December, 2013 The Impact of United States Drug Policy on Mexico and Colombia Drugs are not new to this Earth. Mankind has grown and consumed drugs for millennia. Marijuana, or more appropriately Cannabis, is indigenous to Central and South Asia, and has been consumed widely since 3000 B.C.E. (ElSohly 8). In more recent times (1938), Albert Hoffman synthesized Lysergic acid diethylamide, more commonly known as LSD, while searching for treatments for psychiatric diseases (Hoffman). Initially, many drugs were used in religious/spiritual functions. In several instances, the strong fibers of the Cannabis plant were used for building, much like jute, and the narcotic aspects of the plants were not even explored (ElSohly 8). However, today, drugs are frequently used recreationally, and as a result are highly profitable commodities. It is common knowledge that across the world, the vast majority of drugs are illegal or are restricted in some way. Almost nightly, proponents for the legalization of drugs, decriminalization of certain drugs, and the continued ban on drugs debate their positions through the media. This debate is a hot button issue that is almost entirely centered upon the views and policies of the world’s largest drug consumer, the United States of America (CIA Factbook). Governments and the media very often focus on drug consumption trends and drug flow into the United States, while largely ignoring Latin American perspectives and impacts on Latin America. Though...
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...Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia | [hide]This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. | This article lends undue weight to certain ideas, incidents, or controversies. (December 2013) | This article is outdated. (December 2013) | This article needs additional citations for verification. (October 2014) | | | Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs | Governments of opium-producing Parties are required to "purchase and take physical possession of such crops as soon as possible" after harvest to prevent diversion into the illicit market. | Signed | 30 March 1961 | Location | New York City | Effective | 8 August 1975 [1] | Condition | 40 ratifications | Parties | 185[1] | Depositary | Secretary-General of the United Nations | Languages | Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish | Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs at Wikisource | The Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 is an international treaty to prohibit production and supply of specific (nominally narcotic) drugs and of drugs with similar effects except under licence for specific purposes, such as medical treatment and research. As noted below, its major effects included updating the Paris Convention of 13 July 1931 to include the vast number of synthetic opioids invented in the intervening thirty years and a mechanism for more easily including new ones. From 1931 to 1961, most of the families of synthetic...
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...Labelling Theory and Symbolic Interaction „No very sharp line can be drawn between social pshycology and individual pshycology” George Herman Mead Introduction In recent years, renewed and increased attention has been given to the need to organize a variety of theories into an interdisciplinary or integrated theory that captures tile contributions that can be made from the many explanatory approaches that have emerged over the last one hundred years. This move towards integrated or interdisciplinary theory represents a new stage of development in the field and requires a careful reassessment of the perspectives that have formed the core of criminological thought.[1] Each era of social and political turmoil has produced profound changes in people’s lives. Perhaps no such era was as significant for criminology as the 1960s. A society with conservative values was shaken out of its complacency when young people, blacks, women and other disadvantaged groups demanded a part in the shaping of national policy. They saw the gaps between philosophical political demands and reality: Blacks had little opportunity to advance women were kept in an inferior status; old politicians made wars in which the young had to die. Rebellion broke out, and some criminologists joined the revolution.[2] These criminologists turned away from theories that explained crime by characteristics of the offender or of the social structure. They set out to demonstrate that individuals...
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...Tim Dunnigan Dr. Frye Reggae Music Reggae isn’t just a genre of music, it’s a way for Rastafarians to express their way of life in their own unique way. The most famous Rastafarian and Reggae artist of them all was Bob Marley. His way of expressing his political opinions and messages in hit songs not only influenced in Jamaica, it had an impact on the entire world. He gave Rastafari an international identity and is the reason some people converted. Famous groups like the Rudeboys and Maytals helped Reggae to become what it is today. Reggae music was not always the most popular form of music in Jamaica. Reggae was influenced by the music genre of Jazz that was sweeping the nation. A lot of Jamaicans used Jazz to entertain the tourists. In the 1950’s Jazz Bebop became the new fad music for the youth of Jamaica and Jazz orchestras weren’t as common as in years past. In the 1960’s Ska was introduced and was the first style of music created by Jamaicans, this gave them a sense of identity. Ska was created by working class Jamaicans and they used it to express themselves and tell their stories. It was important because R&B singles weren’t being released as often, and didn’t attract as many listeners as it once did. Ska music consisted of the combination of Caribbean mento, calypso, and Jazz. The main reason for Ska’s popularity was because the music fit the moods of the time. People had the mind state to accept anything unique to Jamaica especially because they...
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