...International Journal of Contemporary Business Studies Vol: 2, No: 11. November, 2011 ISSN 2156-7506 Available online at http://www.akpinsight.webs.com Merger and Acquisitions (M&As) in the Indian Banking Sector in Post Liberalization Regime Dept. of Commerce, AMU, Aligarh India Azeem Ahmad Khan ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to explore various motivations of Merger and Acquisitions in the Indian banking sector. This includes the various aspects of banking Industry’s Merger and Acquisitions. It also compares pre and post merger financial performance of merged banks with the help of financial parameters like Gross-Profit Margin, Net- Profit Margin, Operating Profit Margin, Return on Capital Employed (ROCE), Return on Equity (ROE) and Debt-Equity Ratio. Through literature review it comes to know that most of the work done high lightened the impact of Merger and Acquisitions on different aspects of the companies. The data of Merger and Acquisitions since economic liberalization are collected for a set of various financial parameters. This study also examines the changes occurring in the acquiring firms on the basis of financial ground and also the overall impact of Merger and acquisitions (M&As) on acquiring banks. The Researcher used independent t-test for testing the statistical significance and this test is applied not only for the ratio analysis but also to test the effect of Merger and Acquisitions on the performance of banks. This performance is being tested...
Words: 8019 - Pages: 33
...law of mergers and acquisitions and alternatives to mergers. We will analyze how mergers and acquisitions are structured and why particular deals create value for firms. The course will examine the various techniques and deal terms that have profound effects on both parties and the outcome of the transaction. The course will include actual transactions as well as drafting exercises. We will focus on the barriers to optimal structuring and techniques for eliminating drafting problems. Emphasis will be given to understanding the legal responsibilities of the buyer and seller, as well as the financial, tax and regulatory treatment of the deal, the techniques for putting the deal together, corporate acquisition agreements and the securities and governance issues that arise in deals involving publicly listed and private companies. The course will encourage students to become familiar with the techniques used in corporate acquisitions and related transactions. Materials The readings will be posted on Blackboard. Case studies can be purchased directly from the publisher. Course Book Sherman, Andrew and Hart, Milledge A. Mergers and Acquisitions: From A to Z (Second/Third Edition) AMACOM (available in University Library and Business Law Department) Recommended Sudarsanam, Sudi, Creating Value From Mergers and Acquisitions, (Second Edition) Prentice Hall (available in University Library and Business Law Department) Written Assignments and Grades Cases You must...
Words: 1459 - Pages: 6
...International ISSN: 2278-6236 Journal of Advanced Research in Management and Social Sciences Impact Factor: 4.400 MERGERS A N D ACQUISITIONS IN THE INDIAN BANKING SECTOR: A STUDY OF SELECTED BANKS Komal Gupta* Abstract: In the present era of global economy, Mergers most widely used business strategy restructuring greater market economies share, long term of corporate profitability, entering of scale etc. The present paper evaluates on the financial is conducted performance and Acquisitions have become the and strengthening new markets, capitalising the effects of merger and acquisitions to analyse the effectiveness on the banks. Two cases of merger and acquisitions of mergers and acquisitions have been taken randomly the study, first the merger of ICICI bank and The Bank of Rajasthan, Bank of Punjab. The results of the study indicate positive and acquisitions on the financial as sample for and second the merger of HDFC bank and Centurion of mergers on of the selected banks in India. Pre and post merger comparison on selected variables impact to achieve performance that there is a of the selected banks. Key Words: Mergers and acquisition, Banking, Financial Performance, Financial Ratios, Synergy. *Assistant Professor, Maharaja Agrasen College, Delhi University Vol. 4 | No. 3 | March 2015 www.garph.co...
Words: 5897 - Pages: 24
...Expansion and Merger Explain why government regulation is needed, citing the major reasons for government Involvement in a market economy. It is significant for the companies and organizations to concern all legal and law regulatory authorities before mergers and acquisitions. There are comprehensive requirement that authorizes the company to intervene in any action that could lead towards merger and acquisition. This is for the benefits for all the organization in case for instances in some mishaps the government could take some legal actions against the transaction. The other thing is that there are certain laws, in case of the international mergers, the tax policies and trading policies should be practiced in order to regulate and the actions can be practiced easily. This is done in order to do the system aligned so that all the beneficiaries could follow the same standardized rules and regulations. Justify the rationale for the intervention of government in the market process in the U.S. Market processes are the most complex process in terms of mergers and acquisitions in the U.S; this is the reason why the government of U.S focus more on mergers and acquisitions of market processes. The government could also intervene in order to regulate the resources and allocate the right amount of the resources for the improvement in the economies and social welfare. The government wanted to improve and correct the failures that have been taking place all over the...
Words: 1491 - Pages: 6
...business mergers and acquisitions Introduction 1. Should the government regulate mergers and acquisitions more carefully? 2. Purpose of the Study 3. Scope of Study 4. Method and Procedures Analysis 1. Positive opinions 2. Negative opinions 3. Government action Summary, Conclusion, and Recommendation 1. Summary 2. Conclusion 3. Recommendation Government regulation over business mergers and acquisitions Prepared for Anne Joiner English Professor Central Washington University Prepared by Diep Chu July 18, 2012 To: Senator Joseph Smith From: Diep Chu Date: July 18, 2012 Subject: Government regulation over business mergers and acquisitions I submit the accompanying report, authorized by Anne Joiner, English Professor at Central Washington University, Des Moines, on the research of mergers and acquisitions in market. Available literature and government Web sites were examined in order to answer the question: Should the government regulate mergers and acquisitions more carefully? The report employed secondary research using electronic sources of scholarly articles, government publications, and companies’ articles through the Internet due to the research time and funding limitation. All research was conducted in mid-July, 2012. This research project has been a fantastic experience for me when I get to know more details about the popular issue currently happen in our business market, mergers and acquisitions. I would...
Words: 2406 - Pages: 10
...Executive Summary The present study investigates how mergers and acquisitions impact the morale of employees in the banking sector. This report recognizes the lapse in research in this particular area even though mergers and acquisition are some of the most common means used by banks to pull resources together and enjoy economies of scale. Indeed most of the studies that were done in the past were actually outdated, and the most recent ones did not effectively explain the impacts that mergers and acquisitions had on the morale of employees working in the banking sector. Based on this realization, this study sought to deal with all the foregoing issues by generating new information that would point the exact impact mergers and acquisitions in the banking sector had on the morale of employees in the banking sector. By using qualitative research methods, this study seeks to provide answers to three research questions. The first question that this research seeks to answer is the kinds of impacts that mergers and acquisitions on the morale of employees working in the banking sector. Secondly, this study aims to provide an understanding of how employees think the negative effects of mergers and acquisitions can be dealt with. The last research question is what happens to employees during the processes of merger and acquisition. The study is designed to provide deeper understanding on the sort of impacts that result from bank acquisitions and mergers, particularly from the perspective...
Words: 524 - Pages: 3
...This paper presents clinically-based studies of two acquisitions that received very different stock market reactions at announcementCone positive and one negative. Despite the differing market reactions, we find that, ultimately, neither acquisition created value overall. In exploring the reasons for the acquisition outcomes, we rely primarily on interviews with managers and on internally generated performance data. We compare the results of these analyses to those from analyses of post-acquisition operating and stock price performance traditionally applied to large samples. We draw two primary conclusions. (1) Our findings highlight the difficulty of implementing a successful acquisition strategy and of running an effective internal capital market. Post-acquisition difficulties resulted because: (a) managers of the acquiring company did not deeply understand the target company at the time of the acquisition; (b) the acquirer imposed an inappropriate organizational design on the target as part of the post-acquisition integration process; and (c) inappropriate management incentives existed at both the top management and division level. (2) Measures of operating performance used in large sample studies are weakly correlated with actual post-acquisition operating performance. * University of Chicago and NBER, University of Chicago, and Harvard University, respectively. We especially thank Shel Erikson, Thomas Hix, William Berger, Michael Grimes and Joseph Chamberlain...
Words: 2393 - Pages: 10
...Title: Merger and Acquisition (M&A) Strategies: A Literature Review based on relationships of business perspective. Abstract: This paper’s objective is about the relationship of theory and model of research the popularity of Merger and Acquisition Strategies. It contains the integration of literature review between years 2010 to 2015 structure the scholastics and analysts identifying with the Merger and Acquisition (M&A) strategies. This strategies enhance market proficiency by catching cooperative energies between firms competing in the global economy. Both are vital choices taken for augmentation of an organization's development by upgrading its creation and marketing operations. They are being utilized to pick up quality, grow the client base, cut rivalry or go into another business sector or item fragment. Organizations that work a level procurement system assume control or converge with organizations in a comparable business sector segment and at the same phase of generation. The point is to secure extra items or administrations to offer their clients, or to expand piece of the overall industry by procuring contenders. A key distinction in the horizontal of even and vertical obtaining is the attention on expense or income. An essential target of flat procurement is to develop income by expanding piece of the overall industry or growing an item go. In vertical obtaining, the accentuation is on lessening expenses by taking out acquisition expenses and expanding...
Words: 3047 - Pages: 13
...Economics and Finance Vol. 2, No. 4; November 2010 Measuring Post Merger and Acquisition Performance: An Investigation of Select Financial Sector Organizations in India Dr. Neena Sinha Associate Professor, University School of Management Studies Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Kashmere Gate, Delhi, India Tel: 91-98-1805-6810 E-mail: dr_neenasinha@yahoo.com Dr. K.P.Kaushik Professor, National Institute of Financial Management Sector-48, Pali Road, Faridabad-121001, India Tel: 91-93-1236-0874 E-mail: kp_kaushik@hotmail.com Ms. Timcy Chaudhary (Corresponding Author) Research Associate, University School of Management Studies Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Kashmere Gate, Delhi, India Tel: 91-98-1856-8903 Abstract E-mail: timcy9@gmail.com The present paper examines the impact of mergers and acquisitions on the financial efficiency of the selected financial institutions in India. The analysis consists of two stages. Firstly, by using the ratio analysis approach, we calculate the change in the position of the companies during the period 2000-2008. Secondly, we examine changes in the efficiency of the companies during the pre and post merger periods by using nonparametric Wilcoxon signed rank test. While we found a significant change in the earnings of the shareholders, there is no significant change in liquidity position of the firms. The result of the study indicate that M&A cases in India show a significant correlation between financial performance...
Words: 6292 - Pages: 26
...1. Introduction This paper presents and discusses how an entrepreneur in this ever changing world strives to become an international firm. This case study of an Omani firm Renaissance Services SAOG (hereafter, Services) explains and shows us the growth on international scale of a family owned business. In order to understand the case, several key components were identified, and were analyzed to see its text book validity. Each component is critically analyzed as the case study progresses. 1.1Introduction of the Firm As an entrepreneurial firm in 1996, Services has progressed immensely across the globe. Its chairman and founder Samir Fancy had a crystal clear vision and by disclosing it to every Tom, Dick and Harry of the firm, Services gradually progressed on international level. The firm is primarily an oil and gas industry services company, and is listed on the Muscat Securities Market in Oman. It has an excellent offshore fleet of vessels, and is counted among the world’s top ten in providing global oil and gas industry service. According to its official website (http://www.renaissanceoman.com), Services has over 12,000 employs, operating in over 16 countries. The 2012 revenue of the firm was US$ 0.67 Billion. Apart from this sector, Services also engages in several other services related sectors, such as marine engineering, media communication, and also engages itself in education and training. The firm also engages itself in Corporate Social Responsibility, by...
Words: 1746 - Pages: 7
...THE EFFECT OF MERGER AND ACQUSITION ON ORGANISATIONAL PERFORMANCE. (A case study of Equity Indemnity Insurance Co. Ltd) CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.0 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Every organisation is set up with a vision to be profitably productive so that the interest of every stakeholder is satisfied; consequently the performance of every organisation is graded on various performance parameters to determine how well the company is doing when compared with its set goals and the performance of other companies. The following are areas of expectation of good performance. o The organisation’s vision objective and associated plan – how much of this is seen in reality of the organ’s operation / result. o The organisation’s structure, values and culture – which are what, distinguish one organisation from the other even though they are in same market/industry. o The sector and market in which the organisation operates and the organisation’s share of the market. o The organisation’s competitive strength this being able to take more share of the market and determine price movement. o The financial strength and investment potential of the organ to venture into new areas/ development of existing market and pelt. Many organisations have had problems in driving the above fully to the advantage of their organisation hence have consistently not improve in their performance when assessed by the stakeholders in the organisation. The Annual General Meeting...
Words: 15959 - Pages: 64
...A: Rationale/Motivation Over the past two decades, cross-border or international mergers and acquisitions (IM&As) have become the favored method of foreign direct investment (FDI). The form shows that IM&As go both ways: toward developing countries and from them, reshaping the world’s economic boundaries. Trends notwithstanding, researchers suggest that, overall, the expected financial benefits of M&As are often not recognized. The highest rate of failures has been linked mainly to the fact that “M&As are still designed with business organization and financial fit as primary conditions, leaving psychological and cultural issues as secondary concerns”. While as new countries start out into the free-market economic system, paying attention to cultural factors in IM&As is becoming essential. The wider cultural gap and the current trend of IM&Asbetween developed and developing countries increases the urgency of understanding the effects of civilization on the dynamics of IM&As and on issues such as corporate organization and local adaptation strategy. The present research is designed in response to this shortcoming. It examines the effects of culture on the outcome of IM&As and the variability of these effects during the different phases of an IM&A. The research focuses on the international aspect of cultural conflicts—the differentiating factor between domestic mergers and acquisitions (M&As) and IM&As. It measures success from an organization’s internal perspective, comparing...
Words: 3556 - Pages: 15
...MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS LITERATURE REVIEW LUKE WALTON Table of Contents Abstract 3 Introduction 3 Background and motivation 3 Objective or aim of this literature review 4 Findings from current available literature 4 Issues from current research 5 Contribution to current literature and stakeholders 5 Section One 6 Motivation of M&A’s 6 Synergy 6 Agency theory 7 Hubris 7 Relationship between motives and financing 8 Section Two 9 Payment methods 9 Financing hierarchy vs. market conditions 9 Differing views on leverage 10 Valuation and the agency problem 10 Managerial ownership 11 Section Three 12 Performance of mergers and acquisitions 12 Performance indicators 12 Methodology 13 Profitability 13 Performance due to the motivation 14 Conclusion 15 Summary and findings 15 Areas of future research 17 Qualitative research in M&A’s 17 Decision making process for methods of payment 17 Unified methodology in determining M&A performance 17 References 19 Abstract Mergers and acquisitions have become a common practice for firms as a mean to expand and increase profitability. Existing evidence is still unable to strongly determine what factors make a successful M&A due to inconsistency in data and findings. This paper aims to provide an insight to the steps included in the M&A process by comparing existing literature and hopes to suggest key determinants of a successful M&A transaction. Evidence shows...
Words: 5977 - Pages: 24
...Case Study: Merck Acquisition of Medco Professor Daniel Weiss FI561 January 23, 2011 DeVry University Case Study: Merck Acquisition of Medco Abstract The purpose of this case study is to determine whether it would be beneficial to merge Merck Corporation with Medco Containment Services Incorporated. The merger and acquisition between the world’s largest drug manufacturer and the largest prescription benefits management company (PBM) and marketer of mail order medicines in the United States would result in a successful campaign to take over the drug industry if handled appropriately. As Chairman and CEO of Merck Corporation, I have to consider all sides of the arguments, financially, marketing and cultural wise and come to a conclusion as to whether this merger would be a good idea for the company. Like any other investment and merger, there are risks, and I have to decide what would be best in the interest of this company. The details as to whether the decision to acquire or not acquire Medco will be described in this paper. Along with data that helps make that final decision. There are a few things one must take into account before making a decision. You have to look at the long term run, whether or not the merger and acquisition will be successful. You also have to take synergy into account; it is the most important reason why there are a lot of mergers and acquisitions. Synergy would be when two companies join forces to create additional value and cut costs...
Words: 2468 - Pages: 10
...MANAGING CULTURAL INTEGRATION IN CROSS-BORDER MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS Daniel R. Denison, Bryan Adkins and Ashley M. Guidroz ABSTRACT Cross-border M&A has become one of the leading approaches for firms to gain access to global markets. Yet there has been little progress in the research literature exploring the role that culture may play in the success of these ventures. Poor culture-fit has often been cited as one reason why M&A has not produced the outcomes organizations hoped for (Cartwright & Schoenberg, 2006). Cross-border M&A has the added challenges of having to deal with both national and organizational culture differences. In this chapter we review the literature on cultural integration in cross-border M&A and provide a framework designed to help manage the integration process throughout the M&A lifecycle. This framework presents culture assessment and integration as a crucial component to reducing poor culture-fit as a barrier to M&A success. Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) have become a central part of most corporate growth strategies, and an increasing portion of that M&A activity now spans national borders. Indeed, beyond a certain scale, one might say that all M&A is now cross-border M&A. For example, even a merger Advances in Global Leadership, Volume 6, 95–115 Copyright r 2011 by Emerald Group Publishing Limited All rights of reproduction in any form reserved ISSN: 1535-1203/doi:10.1108/S1535-1203(2011)0000006008 95 96 DANIEL R. DENISON ET AL. between two large...
Words: 7716 - Pages: 31
