...Ethics and ethical theories: a road map for teaching ethics in business schools Joan Fontrodona (IESE Business School, Spain), Manuel Guillén (University of Valencia, Spain), and Alfredo Rodríguez-Sedano (University of Navarre, Spain) Introduction A three-dimensional framework to explain ethical theories Ethical approaches of business firms Teaching ethics experiences using this framework Discussion of the teaching experiences Conclusions References 1 2 6 9 10 12 13 Introduction This paper tries to contribute, in some way, to the urgent need recently warned by Benedict XVI: “the university, for its part, must never lose sight of its particular calling to be a "universitas" in which the various disciplines, each in its own way, are seen as part of a greater unum. How urgent is the need to rediscover the unity of knowledge and to counter the tendency to fragmentation and lack of communicability that is all too often the case in our schools!”1 This seems to be a challenge for both, Catholic and non-Catholic universities. The purpose of this paper is to present a theoretical framework that helps to conceptualize ethics and to clarify the characteristics and limits of the different ethical theories. In other words, students without philosophical background will find here a synthetic “road map” of ethical approaches. This framework has been previously published in a book in Spain2. In this paper, authors will describe the model and discuss how it has been successfully tested...
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...o-ethical-decision-making/ For More Courses and Exams use this form ( http://hwguiders.com/contact-us/ ) Feel Free to Search your Class through Our Product Categories or From Our Search Bar (http://hwguiders.com/ ) As a student we are required to evaluate the philosophical approaches for each scenario from Appendix B. Evaluating whether or not the reasoning for the course of action listed makes sense. While working on the evaluation of the philosophical approaches we will discuss if the course of action is the most ethical, the best reasons for making the choices, and the reasons for believing this alternative is ethical. Consequentialism is the intent to maximize the usefulness of a decision. For this the relevance of this act depends on its consequences. For this approach it is essential to have a good ethical decisions and perception of it. With this it is important for students to analyze a decision in how the harmful and/or the benefits. This many philosophers’ debate ht consequences should count Deontology is different because it focuses on the obligation or duty in motivating the decision or the actions of the consequences. This depends on the respect, rights, and fairness. This approach brings up issues related to duty, rights, moral standards, and the principles. Virtue ethics approach focus on the integrity of the individuals and the moral of the community. In order to identify the issues of the ethical actions this act centers instead of agent centered...
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...Monsanto and the Moral Challenge Surrounding Genetically Modified Products Ethics and Humanity: Company Case Briefing Monsanto and the Moral Challenge Surrounding Genetically Modified Products The “good company” operates with four pillars in mind, each a different level for the firm to exhibit its corporate social responsibility. First, the company must ensure its commitment to the health, safety, productivity and profitability of its own employees. Second, the company must be actively customer-focused, establishing clear and open lines of communications and trust, while also demonstrating a duty of care in their operations. Third, the company must be globally-oriented towards the industry as a whole. And fourth, the company must display an investment in their own community. At each of those levels—the individual employee, the customer, the industry and the community, the “good company” should endeavor to uphold its own corporate pledge to deliver results while also taking responsibility for its activities. Applying this framework to Monsanto is a precarious task, but below we will examine the moral challenge that the company faces currently, identifying key stakeholders, and discerning the possible moral outcomes to its many challenges. Monsanto Company provides agricultural products for farmers in the US and abroad. With nearly 23,000 employees, the company has a history of producing and marketing...
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...Philosophy in Literature and Films (HS3033) Assignment Sashank K EE11B124 3 November 2014 1 1 An Introduction to Moral Philosophy and some of its Theories Most humans judge the moral consequences of what they and others do. They classify everything as good or bad. Thus, ethical philosophy is a branch of philosophy which is relevant at some level to even laymen, who are not philoso- phers. All of us make moral judgments based on some preconceived or preexist- ing moral principle. Investigation of how such a principle came about, whether it is right or wrong and such discussion on the principle constitutes the branch of ethics or moral philosophy. Ethics is further subdivided into three areas. These are meta-ethics, normative ethics and applied...
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...wrong, or good and evil. • Example: B.F. Goodrich A7-D Fraud – Moral Standards = norms about the kinds of actions that are morally right and wrong, as well as the values placed on what is morally good or bad. – Non-Moral Standards: The standards by which we judge what is good or bad and right or wrong in a non-moral way. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Five Characteristics of Moral Standards • Involve significant injuries or benefits • Not established by authority figures • Should be preferred to other values including self-interest • Based on impartial considerations • Associated with special emotions and vocabulary. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. What is Business Ethics? • Broadly, ethics is the discipline that examines one’s moral standards or the moral standards of a society to evaluate their reasonableness and their implications for one’s life. • Business ethics is a specialized study of moral right and wrong that concentrates on moral standards as they apply to business institutions, organizations, and behavior. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Types of Ethical Issues • Systemic—ethical questions about the social, political, legal, or economic systems within which companies operate. • Corporate—ethical questions about a particular corporation and its policies, culture, climate, impact, or actions. • Individual—ethical questions about a particular individual’s...
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...Camillia, a student at experiencing academic challenges, will this maxim a universal law? Would I, Camillia, be content to live in a world where this maxim is a moral requirement, when I consider it in the perspective of a tutor? Yes I, Camillia, would be content to live in a world where this maxim is a moral requirement because in the perspective of a tutor, I would want to help others knowing that I have the ability to help. Would I, Camillia, be content to live in a world where this maxim is a moral requirement, when I consider it in the perspective of a professor? Yes I, Camillia, would be content to live in a world where this maxim is a moral requirement because in the perspective of a professor, I would want students to improve my skill. Would I, Camillia, be content to live in a world where this maxim is a moral requirement, when I consider it in the perspective of a parent? Yes I, Camillia, would be content to live in a world where this maxim is a moral requirement because in the perspective of a parent, I would want my child to achieve their educational goals and improve their grades. Would I, Camillia, be content to live in a world where this maxim is a moral requirement, when I consider it in the perspective of a student? Yes I, Camillia, would be content to live in a world where this maxim is a moral...
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...of ethics you can't justify an action by showing that it produced good consequences, which is why it's sometimes called 'non-Consequentialist'. The word 'deontological' comes from the Greek word deon, which means 'duty'. Duty-based ethics are usually what people are talking about when they refer to 'the principle of the thing'. Duty-based ethics teaches that some acts are right or wrong because of the sorts of things they are, and people have a duty to act accordingly, regardless of the good or bad consequences that may be produced. Some kinds of action are wrong or right in themselves, regardless of the consequences. Deontologists live in a universe of moral rules, such as: It is wrong to kill innocent people It is wrong to steal It is wrong to tell lies It is right to keep promises Someone who follows Duty-based ethics should do the right thing, even if that produces more harm (or less good) than doing the wrong thing: People have a duty to do the right thing, even if it produces a bad result. So, for example, the philosopher Kant thought that it would be wrong to tell a lie in order to save a friend from a murderer. If we compare Deontologists with Consequentialists we can see that Consequentialists begin by considering what things are good, and identify 'right' actions as the ones that produce the maximum of those good things. Deontologists appear to do it the other way around; they first consider what actions are 'right' and proceed from there...
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...1. In the "Heinz and the Drug" case described in the chapter, Heinz's actions falls into which of Kohlberg's stages? A. Stage 1 B. Stage 2 C. Stage 3 D. Stage 4 2. In stage 1 of Kohlberg's model, ethical reasoning is motivated by: A. Fear of punishment B. Satisfaction of one's needs C. Following the law D. Acting based on universal ethical principles 3. In the DigitPrint case, at which stage does Wally Wonderful reason if he insists on compliance with GAAP? A. Stage 2 B. Stage 3 C. Stage 4 D. Stage 5 4. Each of the following is an element of Rest's model of morality except for: A. Moral sensitivity B. One's stage of ethical development C. Moral motivation D. One's courage in making decisions 5. The actions of Sherron Watkins in the Enron case appears to reflect each of the following except for: A. Moral sensitivity B. Egoism C. Enlightened egoism D. Professional skepticism 6. Professional judgment in accounting includes each of the following attributes except for: A. Exercising due care in carrying out one's professional responsibilities B. Maintaining one's objectivity in decision making C. Maintaining one's integrity in decision making D. Acting in accordance with the moral point of view 7. In Thorne's model of ethical decision making, the instrumental virtues relate to: A. Moral sensitivity B. Ethical reasoning C. Ethical motivation D. Ethical character 8. In Cherron and Lowe's study of the link between professional skepticism and management accountants, the authors...
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...1) In order for someone to understand the dynamics of cause and effect and also to evaluate the casual argument they need to understand two important concepts, which are the necessary condition and sufficient condition. Necessary condition is a condition that has to be occurred for an event to be happened, and failed to do so the event will not occur. Sufficient Condition is a condition for the occurrence of an event is one that guarantees the event occurs. Example of a necessary condition is, in order for a student to get A+ in a chemistry course at York University, he has to the write the chemistry test. If he did not write the test he would not pass the class, equivalently if the student got an A+, then the student wrote the test. Example of a sufficient condition is, student needs to get an A+ in every single course to get a 9-grade value point or GPA in York University. If student got an A+ on every single course, then the student got a 9-grade value point or GPA. A causes B, A is individually necessary and jointly sufficient for condition B. A is being the necessary condition for B is both necessary and sufficient condition for B to be a sufficient condition for A. 2) This is an enumerative inductive argument. This argument is considered to be an enumerative inductive argument is because, it is argued from premises about some members of the group to a generalization about the entire group. In the argument, because 40 students from 50 students in our program got lower...
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...whether a course on the ethical decision-making in business could positively influence students, moral efficacy, moral meaningfulness, and moral courage. To investigate whether a graduate-level course in business ethics could influence students in the areas previous mentioned, a rigorous quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design with a treatment and control group was used. Findings revealed that students who took part in the business ethics treatment course, compared to the control group, experienced significant positive increase in all three areas. Ethics are norms or standards of behavior that guides moral choices about our behavior and our relationships with others. The goal of ethics in any place of business or in research is to see that no one is harmed, or suffers any consequences from job-related activities or research (Cooper, 2014,). There are two different approaches to ethics: a negative approach, or a positive approach. The negative approach will have a more narrow focus on enforceable rules, prohibited behaviors, and sanctions for misconduct, while a positive approach to ethics includes the promotion of positive morally praiseworthy ideals and behavior. MORAL EFFICACY The research here is to try and gain and understanding of the potential effect on business ethics education on how a person’s believes in ones abilities to handle ethical issues that arise at work positively, and to overcome obstacles to developing and implementing ethical solutions (Moral Efficacy)...
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...Aristotle’s theory of moral virtue contends that our ultimate purpose or goal in life should be to reach eudaimonia, but to do so requires our ability to function properly in our thoughts and actions according to our sense of reason and our innate understanding of moral virtues. Additionally, by using principles of both the intellectual (taught or learned) and moral virtue (which becomes habit upon practice and imitation) we must learn to make decisions that are right and just—not necessarily for our own personal benefit, but simply because we possess an understanding that something is the right course of action. Without having these two aspects work in unison the theory of moral virtue is incomplete and impossible In short, it is our intellectual understanding of virtue that allows us to perceive what it right while our moral virtue aids us in carrying out what we know to be the correct and just course of action and these two parts of our concept of virtue lead to what Aristotle calls the “moral theory of virtue” as it is a combination of these parts. In his attempt to explain the theory of moral virtue and, for that matter, the central goal, eudaimonia, Aristotle describes the important concept of finding middle ground in one’s life or, achieving a balance. In line with the theory of moral virtue Aristotle contends that to achieve these aims and reach eudaimonia, one of the most important lessons Aristotle teaches in the theory of moral virtue is strike a balance, or hit a...
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...University 1. How would Robert Coles respond to this quote? Robert Coles might answer this quote by making us consider going from thinking to action, and using moral analysis to the fulfilling moral commitments. Moral conduct is not commensurate with moral reasoning although there is a correlation between a plan of action and moral reasoning. Students might learn of the moral code of ethics, but they are the ones required to make the commitment by studying and following them, therefore becoming a more ethical person. My answer to the quote is, we as people make our own choices concerning our own actions. We are confronted with moral dilemmas that allow us to make those choices. When studying our daily living we show our morality by our chosen actions and our spoken words. We decide whether our decisions are good or will have ramifications. If our actions are not continually studied a code of ethics may never be maintained causing adversity in our personal and social lives. 2. How do you explain the fact that morally evil people can be highly educated in terms of ethics and religion? In other words, how do you account for the gap that sometimes occurs between knowledge of ethics and being ethical person? To them morality is simply rules that are memorized. Morality can be stated or referenced but not adopted. Moral choices require deep thought and consideration. The so called evil persons do not have empathy or compassion which prompts a normal person to choose...
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...Name: Hoang Nguyen Period: 2+3 Date: 05/18/18 Immanuel Kant’s Philosophy ~~~Moral is reason~~~ The main claim of Immanuel Kant is that morality come from reasoning (crash course). A thing is moral because it a right thing to do - the existence of itself is already consider good - , not because it has a good consequence. As an alternative way to put this, if a thing is acknowledged as rationally good, it is moral. So how do we know it is rationally good like Kant said? I will discuss about it later on. But first, you have to know why we must live according to that moral law. Can’t we do the bad thing if we want? Agreeing with Kant’s argument, we can’t, it is our duty to fulfil it. He reasoned all living thing ( except human ) always act...
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...important to understand that neither laws nor ethics are fixed principles that do not change over time. Ethical beliefs change as time passes. | | 2 INCORRECT | | Stakeholders have a claim on a company because when they buy its stock or shares they become its owners. | | | A) | True | | | B) | False | | | | | | Feedback:Topic: Ethics AACSB: Ethics Bloom's: Understand Difficulty: Easy LO: 04-02 Page: 110 Stockholders have a claim on a company because when they buy its stock or shares they become its owners. | | 3 INCORRECT | | When applying the moral rights rule, managers should choose the course of action that best protects and upholds their personal rights. | | | A) | True | | | B) | False | | | | | | Feedback:Topic: Ethics AACSB: Ethics Bloom's: Understand Difficulty: Medium LO: 04-03 Page: 119 Managers should choose the course of action that best protects and upholds the rights of all stakeholders. | | 4 INCORRECT | | Trust, the esteem or high repute that people or organizations gain when they behave ethically, is an important asset. | | | A) | True | | | B) | False | | | | | | Feedback:Topic: Ethics AACSB: Ethics Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy LO: 04-04 Page: 123 Reputation, the esteem or high repute that people or organizations gain when they behave ethically, is an important asset. Trust is the willingness of one person or group to have faith or confidence in the goodwill of...
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...18th century German philosopher Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) presents a criterion of moral obligation, which he calls the categorical imperative. Kant rejects these traditional theories of morality and argues instead that moral actions are based on a "supreme principle of morality" which is objective, rational, and freely chosen: the categorical imperative. Kant’s clearest account of the categorical imperative is in the Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals. Kant argues against traditional criteria of morality, and explains why the categorical imperative can be the only possible standard of moral obligation. He begins with a general account of willful decisions. The function of the human will is to select one course of action from among several possible courses of action (for example, my choice to watch television right now instead of going jogging). Our specific willful decisions are influenced by several factors, such as laziness, immediate emotional gratification, or what is best in the end. Kant argues that in moral matters the will is ideally influenced only by rational considerations, and not by subjective considerations such as one’s emotions. This is because morality involves what is necessary for us to do (e.g., you must be benevolent), and only rational considerations can produce necessity. The rational consideration, which influences the will, must be a single principle of obligation, for only principles can be purely rational considerations...
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