...manager’s personality affects organizational performance and employee motivation ” we need to have a clear idea what each component of the topic means. If we break down the topic the key words are : A manager is a person in an organization who directly supports, supervises and helps activate the work efforts and performance accomplishment of others. (Schermerhorn, 2010) A manager performs the functions of planning, organizing, leading and controlling. A manager plays interpersonal, informational and decisional roles. An effective manager successfully helps others achieve high performance and satisfaction in their work. For a manager to have high performance they need communication, teamwork, self management, leadership, critical thinking and professionalism. Personality is the profile of characteristics making a person unique from others. (Schermerhorn, 2010) According to Gordon Allport, personality is the dynamic organization within the individuals of those psychophysical systems that determine his unique adjustments to his environment. It is important for managers for : Hiring decisions : help managers forecast who is best for a job and Better understand and effectively manage the people working. Personality is rooted to heredity however it does change over time. Organizational performance is a process of value creation. (Schermerhorn, 2010) There are three ways in which this can be measured : Productivity - quantity and quality of work performance with resource utilization...
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...sector health worker motivation: a conceptual framework Lynne Miller Francoa,*, Sara Bennettb, Ruth Kanferc a University Research Co., LLC, Partnerships for Health Reform Project, 4800 Montgomery Lane, Bethesda MD 20814, USA b Abt Associates, Partnerships for Health Reform Project, 4800 Montgomery Lane, Bethesda MD 20814, USA c Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA Abstract Motivation in the work context can be defined as an individual’s degree of willingness to exert and maintain an effort towards organizational goals. Health sector performance is critically dependent on worker motivation, with service quality, efficiency, and equity, all directly mediated by workers’ willingness to apply themselves to their tasks. Resource availability and worker competence are essential but not sufficient to ensure desired worker performance. While financial incentives may be important determinants of worker motivation, they alone cannot and have not resolved all worker motivation problems. Worker motivation is a complex process and crosses many disciplinary boundaries, including economics, psychology, organizational development, human resource management, and sociology. This paper discusses the many layers of influences upon health worker motivation: the internal individual-level determinants, determinants that operate at organizational (work context) level, and determinants stemming from interactions with the broader societal culture. Worker motivation will be affected by health...
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...Factors of Motivation & Impact of Job Satisfaction on Organizational Commitment [pic] ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS “If you take care of your employees, your employees will take care of the organization & its customers over a period of time”. These are the words that have inspired us to conduct the research on the effect of employee motivation on organizational commitment. We shall be failing in our duty, if we do not record our gratitude to all those who have helped us & co-operated with us to pursuit this project. We would like to thank Prof. Kavita Lagate for her excellent sessions on Research Methodology which helped us to understand the various aspects of the subject & the project. Further by giving us an opportunity to carry out this research & present this research report under her guidance has enabled us to understand the concept of making a research report. CONTENTS Abstract………………………………………………………………………………………4 Introduction………………………………………………………………………………….5 Objectives of the Study …………………………………………………………………….6 Previous Research…………………………………………………………………………...7 Literature Review…..……………………………………………………………………….9 Research Methodology…………………………………………………………………….22 Data Collection & Analysis…………………………………………………......................25 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………..28 Direction for Future Research……………………………………………………………...
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...better more productive work environment. These changes occasionally produce unwanted results, which were not expected or planned for. By monitoring organizational behavior unwanted or negative results can be minimized so change can be effective within an organization. Organizational behavior, organizational culture, diversity, communication, business ethics, and change management are all factors within an organization. Managers should clearly define these terms to create a more efficient and effective work environment. Any company ensures growth and success by establishing strict guidelines and procedures, which include these factors of organizational behavior. Every organization in the world today is putting a lot of efforts, time, and resources in the human management. In order for an organization to be successful, it has to invest substantially into the domain of people skills, and their behavior. Due to stressful working environment, many organizations loose employees due to lack of motivation, stress, lower employee job satisfaction and other contributing factors of behavioral sciences and psychology. All these factors have negative effects on the organization and organizational behavior simultaneously. Many experts are in concord that all these factors create disoriented and unmotivated employees and affect the organizational overall targets and higher dissatisfaction of the employees. Perhaps the single most important technique for motivating the people you supervise is...
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...Name: Professor Name: Course/code: Date: Performance Management: Linking Rewards to Performance The goal of this project is to provide Human Resource Professionals with useful guidelines for developing and implementing performance management through rewards. Performance Management are the strategies and techniques that emphasizes on performance of employees as a way of achieving managerial goals and objectives (Murlis p.78). Performance management also refers to perfecting, harmonizing and promoting quality of employee work to ensure customers satisfaction thus leading to high return to stockholders. Performance management foster clarification of task and expectations, improvement of individual and organizational productivity and provides a basis for making employee-related decisions (Shippmann p.605). In conclusion Performance Management uses Human Resource strategies such as reward systems and performance Appraisal to motivate employees towards performance. Performance management can be viewed as a tool to improve on employee motivation for high performance (Cokins, p.58) With the view of finding out the impact of rewards I conducted an interview with the Human Resource Manager, Mr Brandon Jefferson of Coca Cola Kenya branch. Mr. Jefferson said that Coca Cola performance largely depends on employee inputs and outputs. He said that their employees are rewarded annually through intrinsic and extrinsic rewards. He noted that at the beginning of the year the company records...
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...Importance of Organizational Culture and its relation with Motivation in XYZ Technologies Co. Ltd. Page 1 of 27 Module Code: 56214 Student No. 201112880 Managing in Organizations The University of Hull Business School Assignment Question “Choose one or two areas covered in the Managing in Organizations module. Critically analyze these areas with the context of an organization in which you have worked or with which you are familiar.” Page 2 of 27 Module Code: 56214 Student No. 201112880 Managing in Organizations The University of Hull Business School Contents S.I. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Introduction XYZ Technologies – Background Theories of Organizational Culture Role Culture Factors of the Culture Theories of Motivation Expectation and Motivation Motivational Factors Conclusion Description Page Nos. 4 5 7 9 12 18 21 24 25 Page 3 of 27 Module Code: 56214 Student No. 201112880 Managing in Organizations The University of Hull Business School Introduction Telecommunication industry is one of the largest industries of 20th century. Competition among the companies is getting tighter day by day. Although more detail or composite investigation is required to prove but there is at least some strong reference that variations in cultural values may have a momentous impact on employees‟ and job performance. Organizational life reflects the Organizational culture and Organizational culture has direct impact to keep the organization performance steady...
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...Motivation in the Workplace Introduction Organizational behavior has long been a subject of discussion for both private and public organizations. In addition, the concept of motivation in the workplace has also been the topic of a great deal of debate. The purpose of this discourse is to examine motivation as it applies to organizational behavior. Let us begin our discussion by describing the theory of motivation. Motivation The theory of motivation was first made popular by Maslow, who asserted that human beings have a hierarchy of needs. According to Maslow, this hierarchy of needs is composed of five needs: “physiological needs, safety needs, belonging and love, esteem needs and self-actualization needs. These needs are further categorized as deficit needs and being needs (Kermally, 2005, pg 26).” Maslow’s assertion was that physiological needs such as food and water must be fulfilled before a human being could be concerned with any other need in the hierarchy. With these things being understood Maslow asserted that human beings had the capacity to be motivated and that motivation is actually a primitive function of humanity. Although the theory motivation began in the realm of psychological study, it soon became a theory associated with organizational behavior, and this is the context in which it will be discussed for the purposes of this investigation. Motivation and Organizational Behavior Within the context of organizational behavior, motivation...
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... Introduction: Motivation is one of the most important managerial and human factor affecting human behavior, performance and attitude. Motivation has called as “the core of management”. For this reason managers attach great importance to motivation in organizational activities. Effective directing of people leads the organization to effectiveness, both at individual and organizational level. Definition of motivation: Motivation is the willingness to exert high level of effort to reach organizational goals, conditioned by the efforts ability to satisfy some individual and group need. Motivation is the driving force which help causes us to achieve goals. Robert Dubin defines Motivation as “the complex forces starting and keeping a person at work in an organization. Motivation is something that moves the person to action and continues him in the course of action of action already initiated”. Characteristics of Motivation: On the basis of above description, we can find out some characteristics of motivation. The characteristics of motivation are: 1) Motivation is a continuous process. It is not a time bound program or a touch-and-go affair. Human needs are infinite. A soon as one need is satisfied new ones arise. 2) Motivation is a psychological concept. It is based on human needs which generate within an individual. Needs are feelings influence the behavior and activities of the individual and group. 3) Motivation is a psychological concept...
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...ALEXANDRIA UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF COMMERCE [pic] Organizational Behavior and Management Instructor: Dr. Aly A. Messallam Term Paper Impact of Motivation On Employee’s Performance & Turnover Prepared By: Amr A. Lotfy Table of content 1- Abstract ……………………………………………….3 2- Introduction………………………………………….4 3- Literature review………………………………….4 4- Motivation theories…………………………...…5 5- Turnover…………………………………..………….11 6- Performance Improvement and Appraisal for Employees……………..15 7- Existing situation………………………………..17 8- Conclusion and suggestions………………..18 9- References…………………………………………..19 1- Abstract In any organization employee motivation is the key factor for organizational performance. Since motivation influences productivity, managers need to understand what motivates employees to reach peak performance. It is not an easy task to increase employee motivation because employees respond in different ways to their jobs and their organization's practices. Managers pay a heavy price when employees have motivation problems. When high-performing employees have unresolved motivation issues, their performance either declines or they leave for another job. When poor-performing employees are not motivated to improve, they drag down results, reduce productivity among their team members and, worse, seldom leave because they have no place to go. Alexandria Mineral Oils Company (AMOC) is an industrial company working in the field of petroleum...
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...Chp7 Motivation: The force that energizes, directs, and sustains behavior. Equity theory: Motivated to keep their work inputs in proportion to their outcomes by comparing their input-outputs with those who have similar positions Extrinsic motivation: People motivated to perform because of external rewards from environment intrinsic motivation : Worker’s sense of accomplishment or mastering a work task Job characteristics model: Experienced Meaningfulness: skill variety, task significance, task identity Experienced Responsibility: autonomy Knowledge of Results: Feedback Goal-setting theory: Emphasizes setting challenging goals for workers, and getting workers committed to those goals as the keys to motivation (SMART, S-specific, M-measurable, A-Attainable, R-Results based, T-timeline). Need theories of motivation: Maslow and Alderfers (Growth needs- esteem, self-actualization, deficiency needs- physiological, security, affiliation). McClelland Achievement Motivation Theory: Need for achievement, need for power, need for affiliation. -Used extensively in work settings and can be measured with Thematic Apperception Test. Behavior based theories of motivation: Reinforcement Theory (Stresses role reinforcements and punishments play in motivation: fixed interval, variable interval, fixed ratio, variable ratio). Performance and motivation: Motivation is only one determinant of work behavior. Numerous factors may affect work performance: systems...
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...E - MOTIVATION IN ORGANIZATIONS INTRODUCTION. Knowing how and why to motivate employees is an important managerial skill. THE NATURE OF MOTIVATION IN ORGANISATIONS. Motivation is the set of forces that cause people to choose certain behaviors from among the many alternatives open to them. Motivation And Performance In Organizations. An employee's performance typically is influenced by motivation, ability, and the work environment. Some deficiencies can be addressed by providing training or altering the environment, motivation problems are not as easily addressed. Motivation is important because of its significance as a determinant of performance and its intangible nature. HISTORICAL VIEWS OF MOTIVATION. Evolution can be traced from scientific management, through the human relations movement, to the human resource approach. Scientific management: The assumptions of scientific management were that work is inherently unpleasant for most people and the money they earn is more important to employees than is the nature of the job they are performing. Human relations movement: This school of thought emphasized the role of social processes in organizations and assumed that the need for belongingness and the need to feel useful are more important than money in motivating employees. Human resource approach: This view assumes that people want to contribute to organizational effectiveness and are able to make genuine...
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...LEARNING OBJECTIVES After studying this chapter, you should be able to: 1 2 3 Describe the three key elements of motivation. Identify early theories of motivation and evaluate their applicability today. Apply the predictions of selfdetermination theory to intrinsic and extrinsic rewards. 4 5 6 Compare and contrast goalsetting theory and management by objectives. Contrast reinforcement theory and goal-setting theory. Demonstrate how organizational justice is a refinement of equity theory. 7 8 9 Apply the key tenets of expectancy theory to motivating employees. Compare contemporary theories of motivation. Show how motivation theories are culture bound. ISBN 0-558-97987-4 202 Organizational Behavior, Fourteenth Edition, by Stephen P. Robbins and Timothy A. Judge. Published by Prentice Hall. Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Motivation Concepts Luke: “I don’t believe it.” Yoda: “That is why you fail.” —The Empire Strikes Back 7 THE BIG BROKER EXODUS T ISBN 0-558-97987-4 he global recession has upended the status quo in many areas of business, and nowhere is that more evident than in the financial sector. Former Wall Street icons—Lehman Brothers, Merrill Lynch, Bear Stearns—have been absorbed by other companies or vanished altogether. Other stalwart companies, such as Citigroup, JPMorgan Chase, American International Group (AIG), and Morgan Stanley, were forced to become wards of the state. Said one business writer, “It’s been...
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...Motivation in today's workplace: the link to performance. ABSTRACT In today's hyper-competitive marketplace, understanding what fosters and forwards employee motivation--and, thus, organizational performance--is critical. Based on theories, studies, best practices, case studies and resources about motivation, this solutions-focused research article presents valuable information for the senior HR leader seeking competitive advantage. ********** Introduction In today's marketplace, where companies seek a competitive edge, motivation is key for talent retention and performance. No matter the economic environment, the goal is to create a workplace that is engaging and motivating, where employees want to stay, grow and contribute their knowledge, experience and expertise. Motivation is generally defined as the psychological forces that determine the direction of a person's level of effort, as well as a person's persistence in the face of obstacles. The direction of a person's behavior refers to the many possible actions that a person could engage in, while persistence refers to whether, when faced with roadblocks and obstacles, an individual keeps trying or gives up. (1) The responsibility for motivation is three-fold: it falls on the senior leadership, the direct manager and the employee. Numerous factors are involved, from trust, engagement and values (individual and organizational) to job satisfaction, achievement, acknowledgement and rewards. Motivation...
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...Running Head: Motivation and Performance Management Motivation and Performance Management Strayer University Organizational Behavior – BUS322 November 13, 2013, 2013 Motivation and Performance Management Employees in the public and private sectors experience different working conditions and employment relationships. Therefore, their attitudes toward their job and organization, and relationships between them, are different. Job satisfaction and organizational commitment is very important to businesses today, due to the role that employees’ play in providing services to their customer/clients. In this paper, I will provide the definition of job satisfaction and organizational commitment and the differences between the two. I will also provide the motivational theory and performance management principles to evaluate the company as a potential employer. Compare the difference between job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Determine which is more strongly related to performance. Job satisfaction is defined as contentment (or lack of it) arising out of relationship of employee’s position and negative feelings toward his or her work (www.businessdictionary.com); job satisfaction relates to an attitude toward your job. Organizational commitment is defined as the strength of the feeling of responsibility that an employee has towards the mission of the organization (www.businessdictionary.com);...
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...ISSN-L: 2247-6172 Review of Applied Socio- Economic Research (Volume 5, Issue 1/ 2013 ), pp. 53 URL: http://www.reaser.eu e-mail: editors@reaser.eu Employee motivation and organizational performance Ovidiu-Iliuta Dobre 1+ 1 The Bucharest University of Economic Studies Abstract. The majority of organizations are competing to survive in this volatile and fierce market environment. Motivation and performance of the employees are essential tools for the success of any organization in the long run. On the one hand, measuring performance is critical to organization’s management, as it highlights the evolution and achievement of the organization. On the other hand, there is a positive relationship between employee motivation and organizational effectiveness, reflected in numerous studies. This paper aims to analyze the drivers of employee motivation to high levels of organizational performance. The literature shows that factors such as empowerment and recognition increase employee motivation. If the empowerment and recognition of employees is increased, their motivation to work will also improve, as well as their accomplishments and the organizational performance. Nevertheless, employee dissatisfactions caused by monotonous jobs and pressure from clients, might weaken the organizational performance. Therefore, jobs absenteeism rates may increase and employees might leave the organization to joint competitors that offer better work conditions and higher incentives...
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