...Motivational Theories and Factors Dianne Davis PSY 302 Professor Misraraj August 1, 2011 To use positive reinforcement effectively on the job, certain rules or procedures must be followed. The best results will be achieved if these rules are combined with a genuine interest in the welfare of the workers. Three ways to motivate others in the workplace are: 1. Choose an appropriate reward or punishment. An appropriate reward or punishment is both effective in motivating a group member or group and feasible from the company standpoint. Rewards should have a high positive valence and punishments a high negative valance. If one reward does not work, another should be tried. 2. Supply ample feedback. Behavior modification tactics cannot work well without frequent feedback to individuals. Feedback can take the form of simply telling people they have done something right or wrong. 3. Schedule rewards intermittently. Rewards should not be given on every occasion for good performance. Intermittent rewards sustain desired behavior longer and slow the process of behavior fading away when it is not rewarded. A reward that is given continuously may lose its impact (DuBrin, 2004, p. 130). A strategy for enhancing motivation in the workplace: The employees will want to feel they have an interest in the goals of communication. Both parties will want to be respectful and ensure they are being authentic and genuine...
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...Ownership structure 16 Appendix C - social Contract 17 Appendix D - logbook 18 Appendix E – e-mails 19 Appendix F – Bibliography 21 Executive summary The purpose of this assignment is to carefully analyse the major goal of H&M, how motivation, communication, structure of the organization, culture, authority affects reaching their major goal. The following theories are being used to show the advantages and the disadvantages of the company: Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, Human Relations Movement (Hawthorne), scientific management (Taylorism), Herzberger’s Two-Factor Theory and Style theories. It will be discussed how H&M encourages their employees to be self-motivated, makes sure to educate and share the knowledge and pass on the “spirit of H&M”. It seems that H&M is focused on treating people with respect and their desire is that the employees would involve in everyday`s activity. Social factors had a far greater impact on output that physical condition. Different views of human nature than can be traced back in history, and that still has a great impact on how humans are addressed. Treating employees with respect, giving them space to develop, to be inspired, is how H&M motivates their employees. The assignment is looking at the structure of the H&M as a tall organisation based on horizontal differentiation. The project is...
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...Herzberg's Hygiene and Motivational Factors Frederick Herzberg was considered one of the most influential management consultants and professors of the modern postwar era. Herzberg was probably best known for his challenging thinking on work and motivation. He was considered both an icon and legend among visionaries such as Abraham Maslow, Peter Drucker, and Douglas MacGregor. Herzberg (1966) is best known for his list of factors that are based on Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, except his version is more closely related to the working environment: HERZBERG'S HYGIENE & MOTIVATIONAL FACTORS Hygiene or Dissatisfiers: * Working conditions * Policies and administrative practices * Salary and Benefits * Supervision * Status * Job security * Co-workers * Personal life Motivators or Satisfiers: * Recognition * Achievement * Advancement * Growth * Responsibility * Job challenge Hygiene or dissatisfiers factors must be present in the job before motivators can be used to stimulate a person. That is, you cannot use motivators until all the hygiene factors are met. Herzberg's needs are specifically job related and reflect some of the distinct things that people want from their work as opposed to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs which reflect all the needs in a person's life. Building on this model, Herzberg coined the term job enrichment — the process of redesigning work in order to build in motivators by increasing both the number...
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...Business Plan Part 1: Preparation Describe an original idea for a product or service you think you can develop and sell. A service that I think I can sell would be motivational speaking. I can also develop and sell books. The most inspiring and successful motivation speakers are those with a personal story of success that can be passed on to audiences (Marsden, ehow.com). I know this because I am currently doing speeches now and will eventually author books. I choose this path because I have always been a talker. Every since a child, I have loved to speak in front of crowds. I would love to read the Sunday school minutes. I was then introduced to Toastmasters International Speaking Club and was advised of how well of a speaker I am. I did not believe it at first. I then begin to see it because people demanded me to speak so they could hear me. I decided I could make this a career, so I started speaking. Now I am four speeches away from having my Advanced Communicator Silver with Toastmasters. Once it is obtained, I will only have one more level to reach out of five, which is the Advanced Communicator Gold. I am also working on becoming an accredited speaker through Toastmaster. Once I become an accredited speaker, I will be able to charge for my speeches versus accepting whatever donations are provided. Once my speaking career takes off, I will venture off into authoring books. I think I can sell books because I am an excellent speaker and people will...
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...What are the motivational factors associated with eating? First things first, it is a universal need to eat. According to our text there are three basic reasons from a biological perspective and they are we need a source of energy, we need to have the needed elements for rebuilding cells and manufacturing the chemicals, hormones and enzumes that make it possible for the body to perform its necessary functions. (Franken, 2007). This is what food intake allows the human body to do. There are many other motivations for eating such as social events. With social events comes the ability to share food and drink. It is something that man has adapted to doing since the cave man days. The men would gather the meat and the women would gather the foliage. They would then share their bounty with one another. According to the text this is not something that has been observed in other animals. (Franken, 2007) • What are the motivational factors associated with love? The motivational factor that stands paramount with regard to love is that it allows for humans to establish a long – term relationship. Attraction also plays a key role in love. Once you find that you are attracted to someone the ball starts to roll. You want to get to know that person and see if you are compatible. If so then the likelihood of a physical relationship comes into the equation which can lead to marriage, children and the continuation of the gene pool. • What are the implications of viewing...
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...Sarah Rose Management Skills Development: MGT 585-02W Fall 2013 Case Analysis Does this milkshake taste funny? George Steins’ Ethical Dilemma * Discuss all of the reasons why you believe George might act unethically and remove the filters, allowing the maggots to remain in the mix. The first reason George might act unethically is due to Social Learning Theory. “Analysis revealed that perceived learning opportunities were shaped, enabled, and constrained by a variety of social, cultural, structural, and process-related imperatives. This was manifested through two learning systems: (1) a formal learning system directly managed by the organization and (2) an informal system that was fostered through strong social networks and driven by the organizational culture. From this investigation, we posit a social theory of learning, which encompasses sharing knowledge and experience through social interaction” (O’Toole, 2011). This is an article for developing learned systems by the Australian Army in their ‘fighting for knowledge’ campaign to understand learned systems in a military setting. Using a focus group of over 150 armed personnel to understand some of the cultural and social systems enforced. Social theory is a theory that states that we learn through observation and our direct experiences with others (Robbins. 2013). The social learning theory is enacted by both formal learning systems, decreed through management, and informal social networks. In the case George is...
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...introduction The world Tourism Organization announced a 10 year average growth rate of 4.5% of the global tourism industry. The Department of Tourism of the Philippines posted a growth rate of 10% in 2007 and the forecast in the next 5 years is even brighter. There were 903 million international tourist who travelled in 2007. By 2020, the figure is estimated at 1.6 billion. The number of tourism and hospitality workers is expected to grow proportionately. Tourism plays an extremely important role in a countries economy. According to data from the Department of Tourism, tourist arrival on Boracay Island which was earlier named as the world’s top island destination by the prestigious travel and leisure magazine alone reached 1,023; 429 from January to October this year 2012. The 10- month data for this year already surpassed the 908,574 tourist recorded last year. Not only has the number of tourist increased rapidly, the profile of foreign tourist coming to the Philippines has also changed. The influx of Asian travellers like Koreans, Taiwanese, Chinese, Americans and Australians has specifically rated the dynamic growth of the tourism market. To sustain this phenomenal growth in the hospitality and tourism industry, the need to provide quality service and product is at most importance. As kusluvan(2000) pointed out skilled, enthusiastic and committed workforce is vital to the success of firms in this industry. This service industry logicies frequent and intense face to face...
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...Introduction The world Tourism Organization announced a 10 year average growth rate of 4.5% of the global tourism industry. The Department of Tourism of the Philippines posted a growth rate of 10% in 2007 and the forecast in the next 5 years is even brighter. There were 903 million international tourist who travelled in 2007. By 2020, the figure is estimated at 1.6 billion. The number of tourism and hospitality workers is expected to grow proportionately. Tourism plays an extremely important role in a countries economy. According to data from the Department of Tourism, tourist arrival on Boracay Island which was earlier named as the world’s top island destination by the prestigious travel and leisure magazine alone reached 1,023; 429 from January to October this year 2012. The 10- month data for this year already surpassed the 908,574 tourist recorded last year. Not only has the number of tourist increased rapidly, the profile of foreign tourist coming to the Philippines has also changed. The influx of Asian travellers like Koreans, Taiwanese, Chinese, Americans and Australians has specifically rated the dynamic growth of the tourism market. To sustain this phenomenal growth in the hospitality and tourism industry, the need to provide quality service and product is at most importance. As kusluvan(2000) pointed out skilled, enthusiastic and committed workforce is vital to the success of firms in this industry. This service industry logicies frequent and intense face to face...
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...Motivation and Teams Case Study Case One: Two Men and a Lot of Trucks The first theory is I think plays in this study are the expectancy theory. I think this because her children believed in the hard work they performed would lead to rewards. This led them to buy a franchise of their own. Equity theory is also found in this case study due to the rewards that each child got due to their mother owning the business and rewarding them to work for her. Ms. Sheets also plays a role in the expectancy theory. She did believe that if she worked hard her business would succeed more than she would have expected. Ms. Sheets opened a Stick Men University that was used to train franchisees and movers how to properly move items and customer service. Case Two: Siemen’s New Boss The theory this case study shows is expectancy theory. I feel that Mr. Kleinfield displayed the characteristics of this theory. He came to the business young and with new ideas that would save the company money and the employees their jobs. It appears that the plant was costing the business more money than they expected or wanted to continue paying. Mr. Kleinfield came to the location and had to convince the employees to change their normal hours days and hours. He eventually convinced the employees to do as he asked which in time reduce production time and costs, which saved their jobs. He was open to questions by anyone in the plant, even the employee reps. He was there to show them that he was...
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...TOPIC: Attrition in organizations Group 7: Rahul Kumar Gupta: 12P157 Rajesh Choudhary: 12P158 Rajiv Gupta: 12P159 Rakshit Sharma: 12P160 Ravi Goel: 12P161 Ravi Kant Singla: 12P162 Attrition The reduction in staff and employees in a company through normal means, such as retirement and resignation is called attrition. Attrition leads to loss of key employees who have thorough knowledge of the company and its practices. Appointing new employees in place of old involves cost of recruiting and training them. Experience in a field is very important for better performance. New employees lack this and this might lead to some pitfalls during their work. If there is high attrition, it also results in a negative impact on new employees about the work...
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...Whenever the term motivational speaker is introduced to a conversation, I instantaneously imagine an overly enthusiastic man, preparing to deliver the same watered-down, cookie cutter speech that has roamed the halls of every high school. Therefore, it was only natural for me to shrink back in fatigued anguish at the thought of having to endure the same torturous event in which I would be expected to appreciate with mock enticement. Mr. Christopher Taylor is a man of too many words and very little tolerance for ignorance. Walking into the room, the weight of his presence was awakening. Something about the way my older peers glanced at him with the up most respect sent a trigger alerting me to the significance of him. Although he sat patiently through his detailed introduction, his eyes focused around the room, seemingly categorizing each student into a database, well organized through years of practice. Light applause trailed him as he took a firm stance in the front of the ballroom. Deceptively, he began with generalized questions about how people perceive each other, trivial knowledge that determined little, other than the common sense of his audience. After a series of varyingly mediocre topics, Mr. Taylor quieted down and pondered to himself for a second, gaining his thoughts and deciding how best to approach the next topic, “How many of you are pre-med students?” he asked inquisitively. I was one of many of the proud students who raised their hands. Nodding in acceptance...
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...needs are needed at the same time as well as conflicting needs. Frederick Herzberg developed a theory on motivation during the midst of the 20th century which is most commonly known as the "dual factor theory". This is generally used when investigating motivation in organisations. His study was based on a survey of a study of 203 people across the 2 professional groups of engineers and accountants at Pittsburgh University, where they were asked to recall times over the previous year when they felt "exceptionally good" and "exceptionally bad" and their explanation for each case. From this study he identified two distinct list of factors that altered their motivation. These lists were a set of factors which cause satisfaction and dissatisfaction with both lists being mutually exclusive. The factors of satisfiers or Motivators, which are understood to yield a real sense of motivation in employees, are ordered in a list increasing in frequency beginning with a sense of personal achievement and growth, feelings of responsibility, intrinsically interesting work, feelings of recognition because the work is important and ending with a sense of achievement. These factors are all intrinsic to the individual and to do with job content. The opposite factors are known as dissatisfiers or hygiene factors. These will not motivate people in an organisation but are necessary within the...
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...Running Head: Psychological and Motivational Factors Involved with Obedience Psychological and Motivational Factors Involved with Obedience Crimes The dynamics of obedience have been researched for decades in an attempt to explain what causes humans to commit atrocious acts such as the Holocaust and why crimes of obedience are so prevalent in society. Are all people capable of committing crimes of obedience given the right situation? Is there a certain disposition or combination of personality traits that leads to crimes of obedience? Situations are unique and dispositions vary; attempting to distinguish what causes these occurrences is a complex task that has been the subject of numerous studies, yet no concrete answers are found. Stanley Milgram’s obedience experiments ignited the flame of a subject that, instead of diminishing over time and becoming obsolete as a result of improved methods and new ideologies, has remained at the forefront of social and behavioral psychology. Modern research faces the critical challenge of attempting to study obedience under much more restrictive guidelines than previous studies; the results that are produced can only hope to shed light on one component of obedience and use other studies to synthesize a more complete explanation. The predecessor to all of this modern research was the Milgram obedience experiment and all of its variations. It has remained a fixture of social psychology for so long for several reasons: the...
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...each point of motivational interviewing, why it was used, and whether or not it was successful. What was done well in this interview, and why? What would you have done differently, and why? Of the theories we have learned in this unit, which theory stands out in this interview? Where and how? “A client-centered and empathetic counseling style is one fundamental and defining characteristic of motivational interviewing. We regard the therapeutic skill of reflective listening or accurate empathy ... to be the foundation on which skillfulness in motivational interviewing is built ... Through skillful reflective listening, the counselor seeks to understand the client’s feelings and perspectives without judging, criticizing, or blaming ... The crucial attitude is a respectful listening to the person with a desire to understand his or her perspective” (Miller & Rollnick, 2002, p. 37) In this case, the Motivational interviewing refers to an interpersonal counseling or communication style rather than a specific therapy or set of techniques (Rollnick & Miller, 1995). This style is evident in the process of MET (Motivational Enhancement Therapy). The focus of this particular interview was on helping the client to overcome reluctance or ambivalence on his own, while allowing him to make positive changes in his approach to anger management. The therapy did not assume that the client wanted to change, but lead the client to own their need for change. The motivational interviewing assumed...
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...OL 125: Personal Development Plan – SWOT Analysis (Milestone Two) Student Name: Sheril Cunamay Date: May 20, 2014 Strengths (What do I do well?) | Weaknesses (Where can I make improvements?) | List at least 4 strengths here. Use complete sentences. * 1. I play piano real well. * 2. I am a great motivational speaker. * 3. I’m always very passionate about what I do. * 4. I am very self-motivated. | List at least 4 weaknesses here. Use complete sentences. * 1. I’m very shy. * 2. I’m sometimes over confident about things. * 3. I’m too emotional at times * 4. I am a workaholic. If I could work and not take a break, I would. Sometimes I lose sight of the more important things in life. | Opportunities (What kinds of things could I be doing based on my strengths?) | Threats (Where could I be using my strengths and talents more productively?) | List at least 4 opportunities here. Use complete sentences. * 1. I could be playing for my churches ministry when they go to sing at other churches. * 2. I could speak to those around me to be led to God through my motivational speaking. * 3. I could use my passion for others and music and teach those around me to turn to God through music. * 4. I could pursue to open up a new ministry that would show those people in the town that I’m in about God’s love. | List at least 4 threats here. Use complete sentences. * 1. I could be using my talents in churches. * 2. I could be using them at the children’s hospital...
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