...Pregnancy: The Fight to Survive Sociology Research Paper Tri-County Technical College November 24, 2014 ABSTRACT Objectives: To research the causes of death during childbirth and infancy in nations around the world. To examine related health concerns of birth rate, death rate, birth defects, and how access to medical care in different nations contribute to the birth and survival of the fetus. Reviewing statistics of birth rates in all income nations and the overall affect on the population. Applying the Social Conflict theory as it relates to views on pregnancy. Explore different ideas on how to change declining birth rates and promote better health care for all nations. Key Words: Pregnancy, birth rates, death rates , birth defects,social conflict, health care associated with pregnancy. INTRODUCTION In December of 2013, The World Health Organization (WHO) conveyed a consultation on improving the measurement of quality of maternal, newborn, and child care in health facilities. This annual report proposed 19 core indicators for reporting on the quality of MNHC care in nations around the globe. While some key interventions have increased over the past decade, little progress has been made in the quality of care in some health care facilities around the world. The amount of health care coverage provided to mothers, newborns, and children in low income nations is very minimal compared to high income nations particularly in the United States where health care and...
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... Government, and Society Dr. Robert Roberson The Nonmarket Environment of McDonald’s Case Study #1 DBA 7035-Business, Government, and Society Case Study #1 1. Characterize the four I’s. a) Issues: McDonald’s Restaurant chain has faced over 17 nonmarket issues all affecting the industry financially, economically, and medically. McDonald’s has rendered a policy of health and welfare for all of its international consumers to combat all epidemic diseases that derive from obesity and promote a society of healthier living. This franchise encountered many law suits, brand/ food changes, and government infractions in order to improve the wellbeing of the consumers and reputation of the company. McDonald’s main issue is the health issue, which was imposed by the public media and company agencies indicating the dangers of fast food and the obesity rate of the economy. b) Interest: The consumers have the largest interest in McDonalds’ when it comes to the level of obesity in America. They were targeted because of the increased calorie intake individuals were consuming which led to an overall increase in their daily body mass index (BMI). Congress advocated to McDonald’s to apply changes to their menu and the way they advertised. They wanted these changes to target children and promote a healthier eating lifestyle. Throughout the century different economy epidemics have hit the environment. Each time McDonalds has had to prove that their regiment of growing...
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...Area, and with children, who don’t have much money, sometimes are limited to resort to fast food or other unhealthy meals. Obesity refers to the condition of having excessive body fat. Obesity presents a huge problem both physically, mentally, as well as emotionally. People dealing with obesity have to face with humiliation, depression, and sometimes even discrimination. Who is there to blame for this issue? It isn’t likely to find kids exercising like children used to be. Instead, kids are inside playing their video games, on the computer using a social network, simply not being active. Thirty eight percent of public school children in were overweight or obese in 2010 (Allday 2011). Fingers can be pointed in a different number of places, fast food restaurants, soda companies, schools, and sometimes parents in their own homes can be at fault as well. It’s no question that obesity awareness needs to be raised but we as a society must work in unison to get to the main goal, healthier eating and a more active lifestyle. Method This case study was chosen to expand the knowledge of this epidemic issue within our communities. The study explains the overall issue of childhood obesity, health risks, diagnosis and treatment, and the awareness and prevention of the nutritional disorder. Within our group we decided upon this topic based on the doubling rate of obesity in the Bay Area. To aid our research we utilize peer review journals and articles from non-profit organizations, as well...
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...Childhood Obesity’s Impact on Healthcare The current epidemic of childhood obesity spans the globe affecting the majority of the industrialized world (Trasande & Elbel, 2012). In the United States, this epidemic will have an increased negative impact on the healthcare delivery system if not addressed at every level of the community. The importance of understanding this issue and working towards solutions will make for healthier American children and ensure decreased health problems as our children grow into adults. This type of effort will ensure a reduction in unnecessary health problems and fiscal cost for every citizen that utilizes the U.S. healthcare delivery system. Healthcare managers throughout the nation must educate themselves on this issue and be a vital part of the solution. When is a Child Considered Obese? The most accurate way to determine obesity is through the Body Mass Index (BMI) and actual measuring of the body mass composition (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). Utilizing a height for weight and age chart doctors is capable of defining a child’s body mass index for his or her age (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). The recommended BMI for a child’s age will determine if they are at a proper weight, overweight, or obese. Many families are unaware of this index and fail to understand where their child may be in accordance with medical guidelines. When discussing the standards for children age two to twenty, the average BMI...
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...Obesity: A Modern Day Epidemic Penny Upton July 11, 2010 HCA 240 Axia College Bruce Gould In today’s society individuals have been brought up to place blame on other people, things, or situations for many of our personal issues including obesity. Instead of taking responsibility for our own actions, society finds it easier to point the finger elsewhere. This frame of mind can be partially, to blame for the epidemic of obesity in the United States. Nearly two-thirds of adults in the United States are overweight and 30.5 percent are considered obese (Healthy Youth, 2008). The eating and exercise habits that contribute to this epidemic, generally, begin in childhood (Childhood Obesity, 2010). Therefore, society must change the habits taught to our children in order to change the increasing trend of obesity in our country. To put the seriousness of this epidemic in perspective one should first look at the meaning of epidemic. According to Merriam-Webster Dictionary an epidemic is “an unexpectedly large number of cases of disease in a particular population for a particular period of time” (Merriam-Webster Dictionary). The rate increase in the number of obese Americans has risen steadily in the past several years. The alarming truth is nearly one out of every three Americans are considered obese. This means that nearly 59 million people living in the United States alone is obese (Childhood Obesity, 2010). This staggering number is unacceptable and unnecessary. A person...
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...Option #2: McDonald’s and Obesity Lauren Derman CSU-Global Campus International and Multi-Cultural Marketing MKG400-1 Michael Aubry July 28, 2016 Option #2: McDonald’s and Obesity Obesity, as it relates to fast food, has been tied together in controversy for many years. It is an uphill battle that continues to occur throughout the globe; however, one fast food restaurant, in particular, has been blamed for contributing to the obesity problem especially in young people as this epidemic continues to grow. In this paper, we will discuss the problem as it relates to the case study written specifically about McDonalds and their influence on the explosion of child obesity. Additionally, we will examine further a few of the most important questions regarding the case as it relates to the Ronald McDonald mascot, the merits of law that would require warning labels or health messages within the commercials for the corporation, as well as the current attitude towards the rising issue of obesity and the various approaches to solving the problem. Ronald McDonald Vs Joe Camel As the problem of obesity continues to debilitate our youth and contribute to life-threatening illnesses and diseases, it is very easy for stakeholders and consumers such as parents point the finger at Ronald McDonald. The vibrantly dressed corporate mascot most recognized for his iconic clown makeup and big red shoes has recently been compared to that of Joe Camel his extreme opposite in marketing advertisements...
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...The New England Journal of Medicine: Incidence of Childhood Obesity in the United States General Summary: Childhood Obesity is a growing epidemic in the United States. Prevalence data has been documented; however, gaps in the incidence study still exist. Thus, a study was conducted on data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health in order to track the incidence of obesity. The National Center for Educational Statistics selected a nationally representative cohort using probability sampling. Children who were starting kindergarten in the fall semester of 1998 were followed up until they reached the eight grade for data collection; cumulative incidence shows the 9-year risk of obesity. Variables were selected such as height, weight, parent-reported age, sex, race, ethnic group, socioeconomic status, and birth weight. Study showed that although the prevalence of obesity increased with age, incident obesity was highest at the youngest ages and declined through eighth grade. The lowest cumulative incidence according to socioeconomic factors was among children from wealthy families and the highest was among children from the middle socioeconomic quintile. Importance of Article: Childhood Obesity is an important concern for the community and this article does a great job detailing why. Childhood Obesity affects more than 30 percent of children, making it the most common chronic disorder for children. Today, more and more children are being diagnosed with diabetes...
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...Should the public find solutions to the problem of obesity? In the early ‘80s, the news media portrayed the problem of obesity as an American problem. With many news articles and news series on the topic, politicians began a campaign to reduce the number of Americans who are considered obese. Politicians began their quest to limit the number of fast food restaurant in cities across America. They also enforce laws that limit fast food restaurants from setting up near schools or playgrounds to reduce the number of obese kids. With all of these activities from politicians, I believe there are convincing evidences that obesity is not a problem for America. Was the politician’s quest to rid us the problem of obesity necessary? Sometime in the past, I had been considered to be overweight. This topic is somewhat relevant to my view of the obesity problem. There are many reasons why people are obese. In my case, I was taking medications that retained water in my body. Thus, we should not jump to conclusion and judge people who are obese as individuals with eating disorder. In the following paragraphs, I will provide a full investigation of the obesity problem in the United States and my personal view of the topic. Early in the ‘80s, many newspapers alerted the public to this new epidemic (the problem of obesity). The news articles publicized the problem as an American problem. There were scientific articles that describe the scope of the problem. According to April Durrett,...
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...Although some might say that altering individual choices and applying dietary restrictions are the best ways to tackle the obesity epidemic, I strongly believe that developing a national plan that entails environmental, educational, and industrial aspects is the most fit solution. While addressing obesity, the first things that come to mind are diets and individual choices. Thus, to hinder this epidemic, dietary restrictions and control over eating habits need to be exercised, much like our ancestors have done with staying away from gluttony. (Critser, 2001, p. 1, par. 3) [According to Koplan and Dietz, dieting and prevention are an effective method for treating obesity, especially in children and adolescents.] Despite the fact that dieting is thought to be healthy and energy giving, this lack of eating is only a sign of depression and illness (Seid, p. 5, par. 16). [In addition to that, and as mentioned by Worley, there aren’t any kinds of research that prove that dieting is, in fact, effective when it comes to treating obesity; on the contrary, it could have lasting harmful effects on the person’s health and state of mind.] What must be taken into account is that the human body, due to evolutionary factors, has a tendency to maintain its weight and prevent the person from starving. That is, when we diet and consume less food, our metabolic rate will decrease and slow down till it becomes compatible with the amount of food consumed (Worley, p. 3, par. 11). Add to that, people...
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...Obesity: Who is at Fault? Name University of International Business and Economics Obesity: Who is at Fault? It is no secret that an increasing amount of Americans are gaining weight and much of this blame is put on fast food establishments such as McDonald’s, Wendy’s, Burger King, and Krystal’s, to name a few. According to Warren Belasco and Philip Scranton (2002), “The increasing consumption of convenience foods is an international trend influenced by changing lifestyles” (p. 3) From a superficial perspective, this doesn’t seem like much of a problem. However, Robert Jeffery and Simone French (1998), authors of the article Epidemic Obesity in the United States: Are Fast Food and Television Viewing Contributing? assert that “Obesity is an important public health problem that, in recent years, has reached epidemic proportions” (p. 277). In fact, some are calling the problem the “obesity epidemic.” Several lawsuits against fast food establishments have been filed by those who are overweight. It’s a serious problem, one that cannot be ignored. Before anyone assumes that it’s just the United States, think again. With the increasing number of fast food establishments in countries other than the United States, such as China, Japan, and Brazil, so are obesity rates. The obesity epidemic can no longer be ignored and must be solved. While the problem is known, the source of it is not and must be traced. What exactly is the source of obesity? Many people believe it to be fast food...
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...The American Obesity Epidemic Obesity, a condition in which the body has an excessive accumulation of stored fat, is an epidemic plaguing the United States. A person is obese if their body mass index (BMI) is thirty percent or higher. According to recent statistics, more than 91.3 million Americans are obese. While not exclusive factors, diet, lifestyle, and education are causes that contribute greatly to the obesity epidemic, and can have severe consequences for not only the individual, but also for the United States. One of the main causes of obesity is improper diet. More than fifty-one percent of Americans eat processed foods that are high in fat, sugar, carbohydrates, and calories. These processed foods are typically packaged foods purchased at the grocery store, and foods purchased at fast food restaurants. Along with eating unhealthy foods, people in the United States tend to eat large portions. Numerous studies have proven that a combination of eating the aforementioned foods and eating large portions, contributes greatly to obesity. So why is it that more than half of the American population chooses to eat large amounts of food that contain such unhealthy ingredients? A majority of Americans turn to packaged foods and fast food restaurants due to their fast-paced lifestyles. Due to the decrease in unskilled labor, more Americans are in skilled professions that generally require more hours worked in a sedentary job with little to no exercise. If you combine...
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...Childhood Obesity ENG/215 May 5, 2014 Childhood Obesity Introduction Over the recent decades, obesity has grown into major health problem in the United States. Obesity rates have increased over the past thirty years. With over 31 percent of the population obese, the United States has become the fattest country with the highest rate of obesity in the world. Obesity is not only an adult problem, it has now become an epidemic among children and teenagers. One out of every three children in the United States is obese. Eating habits that children learn when they are young affects them in later in their life. Obese children are more likely to become obese adults than healthy weight children. Childhood obesity can lead to many health problems that include diabetes, high cholesterol, and high blood pressure to name a few. These health problems cause a rise in health care costs. There are factors that play a role in causing these health issues, but there are also simple solutions to solve this epidemic among the young. The Effects of Advertising and the Media One of the factors that contribute to childhood obesity is the media and their way of marketing and advertising, especially towards children. Children spend more time watching television and using a computer than previous generations. Children from the ages of eight to 18 use media every day, and spend on average 44.5 hours per week using a computer, playing video games, and watching television. "Most children...
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...New Scapegoat to Obesity Recently, the majority of the United States population has been increasingly concerned with the affect of the controversial issue surrounding high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) in their diet. Today, about 55 percent of Americans list the infamous sweetener among their food-safety worries, right behind mad cow disease and mercury in seafood, according to the consumer research firm NPD Group (Parker-Pope, 2010). It has caused a major stir in the media, nutritionist and dietitians, food manufacturers, corn refiners and above all, consumers. As a result, there have been opposing conclusions amongst researchers. Of course, there are always two sides of the story. Hence, researchers have conducted numerous and time-consuming lab experiments on rats and human subjects alike to contradict each other’s studies and conclusions. It is a matter of which side to believe and how reliable the information presented. For starter, research claims that HFCS is linked to obesity. However, on the other side of the spectrum, researchers claim that HFCS is nothing less than a table sugar in a liquid form and it actually provides many benefits to processed foods. Although they are in strong opposition, both seem to agree on one thing: Consumption of HFCS moderately may reduce obesity. In doing my research, I learned that high fructose corn syrup is not as dreadful as many inadequately informed consumers make it out to be. The key to avoiding obesity is to maintain...
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...Childhood Obesity Margaret A. Bynes ENG 122 Professor Dwight Paulsen July 7, 2012 Childhood obesity has reached epidemic proportion when compared to 30 years ago. “An epidemic is defined as occurring when new cases of a certain disease, in a given human population during a given time period, substantially exceed what is expected based upon recent experiences.”( Mersch, J. 1998) Childhood obesity is when a child or teen is well above the weight of a normal child, who is the same height. Obesity in children is being recognized as a serious public health concern in the United States and around the world. It is an economic burden on the health care system. Childhood obesity is particularly troubling because the extra pounds often start children on the path to health problems that were once confined to adults. “The extent to which the high prevalence of adult obesity has its origin in childhood obesity is widely debated. The question remains unanswered but it is clear that, along with increasing obesity in adults, there is increased obesity in children of all ages. (Burmint, J. 2002). Treating and preventing childhood obesity helps protects the health of your child now and in the future. The primary goals of overcoming childhood obesity should be healthy eating and increased...
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...Obesity, a condition of an excessively high proportion of body fat, is associated with elevated risks of cancer to occur throughout the body. Obesity is also a risk factor for coronary heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and other chronic illnesses. Americans currently have the cheapest food in history when measured as a fraction of disposable income. Along with the real decreases in food cost, per capita food availability has increased. Consequently, this smaller share of disposable income now buys many more calories, leading to the increase of obesity. The obesity epidemic has been fueled by historically low food prices relative to income. In the United States alone, an estimated 34,000 new cases of cancer among men (4%)...
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