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Opensource

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Managers Report: Open Source software Vs. Closed Source software

A program that is operated under the open source label has to fulfil several criteria. The most important of these are:
Can be circulated freely:
Anyone may use open source software and pass it on as often as he or she wishes.
Availability of the source code:
The software suite must contain the source code or this must be available at a freely accessible location.
Modifications to the source code:
The source code may be adapted to individual requirements and be passed on in this modified format.
For example, Linux - by now a prominent open source operating system - was always known to be stable; however, in the beginning its only fans were in the server area. Configuration was too complicated and the user interface was not user-friendly enough, were the complaints.
Advantages of open source
The advantages are a result of the three core principles on which the open source software is based:
Availability of the source code and the right to be able to modify it.
As the source code is available, any interested developer can extend, improve or adapt it to individual requirements as he or she wishes. Errors and security gaps can quickly be discovered and rectified through the co-operation of programmers throughout the world. No commercially oriented company could possibly pay a similar number of developers nor react as quickly.
The right to pass on an open source software application and all modifications and improvements on the source code. Any user can modify the source code and pass these modifications on. In this way the quality of the software is continuously improved.
No exclusive rights to the software
Open source software is open to everyone. Because of this no individual programmer or company can specify the direction that the development should take. Problems that arise with providers of commercial software when they close their business or are taken over by another company cannot arise either with open source software, as its development and existence does not depend on an individual company. If a developer group ceases work on a project, this can be taken up by others.
Very few manufacturers are able to offer software that covers such a wide area as the software operating in the area of open source codes. In addition, open source programs are cheaper than commercial products. For instance, for GNU/Linux there are around 1,000 applications from data backup to server functions to all Internet services that can be downloaded at no cost. An unrestricted number of users can access all applications - regardless of whether this is for private or commercial use.
In the area of hardware the user is more or less free to choose what he or she wishes: Open source software runs on many systems, as it can generally be adapted much easier to the hardware than most proprietary software. The use of open standards creates the prerequisite for compatibility and enables porting on to other hardware and software platforms.
The maintenance friendliness of operating systems with open source code should be a decisive advantage for small and medium sized enterprises and public authorities. Most Unix-like open source programs can be activated and configured from any computer - also via the Internet or a modem. In many cases there is no need to employ a large team of experts in one's premises. Personnel costs are no longer an issue. If required, external consultants can be called upon for assistance.
For companies and authorities that often have a tight budget for EDP equipment, open source software has the advantage that no licence fees may be charged, neither for the basic operating system nor for improvements or modifications to the software. This could have saved some companies millions in rectifying their Y2K problems. Distributors of open source software packages may only charge buyers for their expenses in regard to passing on the software on CD-ROM (formerly also on diskettes), the manual and the packaging.
Of course open source software is no panacea, but alone or in combination with commercial programs it can solve numerous software problems. For instance Apache, the web server with the open source code, can also run on Windows NT. A Linux system can be connected to a Windows computer with the open source product Samba developed by Australian Andrew Trigell and, for example, be used as a file or print server for Windows 9x/NT workplaces.
Samba is also a prominent example of the advantages provided by the large developer community of open source software: Version 2.0.1, which was issued in February 1999, had a serious error. It only took a few hours until this bug was rectified and Version 2.0.2 of Samba was available on the Internet.
Conclusion
At the very latest since the European Union recommended that open source software should be used preferentially, the doubters were made to realise that software with freely accessible source code is not just the toys of enthusiastic computer science students, but systems from professionals for professional use. The spectrum of those now using open source products is also wide: It ranges from DaimlerChrysler, IKEA, Sixt, NASA, SONY, Boeing, to the National Association of German Skilled Crafts, Queen Elizabeth of Great Britain and the World Council of Churches.
Companies such as IBM, Hewlett-Packard, Compaq and Siemens Fujitsu Computers now sell computers with Linux pre-installed, the best-known open source operating system. For instance, in a press report in January 2000 IBM announced that in future the company would deliver its four network computer product lines equipped with Linux. IBM thus made it clear that it regards open source software as competitive vis-à-vis proprietary operating systems such as Solaris or Windows NT.
Disadvantages of producing proprietary software are: * Manufacturers are often under massive amounts of pressure to release the software before it is ready, causing major problems later. This is because the release of the software would affect the profit• * security is a major issue. Manufacturers will have to invest in anongoing research against threats from hackers.
Disadvantages to users of using proprietary software are: * Users need to spend a long time downloading and installing security patches to fix bugs announced by the manufacturer.• * Any improvements would usually require fees, which is often expensive. * Users are not allowed to describe and share the software as that are licenced. * Customising the software is nearly impossible because when users buy proprietary software will receive binary version of the program, not the code as the code is the maufacturer’s trade secret. REFERENCE

Open source software Retrieved from http://oss-broschuere.berlios.de/broschuere/broschuere-en.html A Guide for Small and Medium Enterprises ,chapter 3 pros and contra of open source software
Advantages of open source software Retrieved from http://software333.weebly.com/advantages-of-open-source.html
Panitia ICT SAHC Disadvantages of proprietary software Retrieved from
http://www.kedah.edu.my/sahc/a_portal/portal_tekvok/ict/nota_com_sys/Microsoft%20Word%20-%20les_57.pdf

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