Rahma Osman
UNIT4
P1-Describe physical, intellectual, emotional and social development for each of the life stages of an individual.
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The human lifespan has been described in terms of life stages, which describes the path of the human life cycle.
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These stages are: * -------------------------------------------------
Conception
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Pregnancy
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Birth
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Infancy (0-3years) * -------------------------------------------------
Childhood (4-9 years) * -------------------------------------------------
Adolescence (10-18 years) * -------------------------------------------------
Adulthood (19-65 years) * ------------------------------------------------- older adulthood (65+)
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Then the final stages of life. Conception- Human life begins with conception. Pregnancy-Pregnancy consist of three 3 stages. The first trimester is from 0-12 weeks. The second trimester is from 13-28 weeks and the third trimester is from 29-40 weeks.
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During the first trimester the baby’s body structure and organ systems start to develop. It is essential that the mother is taking her vitamins and is eating a healthy balanced diet .This ensures that the child is getting the right nutrients that it is needed in order for the baby to grow and not develop any health problems. The mother body will be changing to accommodate the growing baby and it’s very common for her to experience symptoms, such as nausea, fatigue, breast tenderness.
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During the second trimester the baby develops hair, eyelashes and eyebrows. By 24 weeks, the baby Weights approximately 1 to 1.5 pounds. During this stage of the trimester most of the symptoms the mothers was experiencing slowly begin to disappear.
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The third trimester is the last stage before the mother gives birth. The baby is very active at 28 weeks and is ready to be delivered into the world.
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Birth
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Birth and infancy- About nine months after conception the baby will be born. The newborn baby has to take easily digestible food such as mother's milk in the first weeks in order to grow. A newborn baby does not have a fully developed brain but can usually hear sounds, tell differences in the way things taste, and identify the smell of their own mother or carer. Infants are born with various temporary and primitive reflexes. Nine months after conception the baby is born. The individual would have been unable to digest food apart from his mother’s milks or an alternative. This is essential in the first weeks in order for the baby to grow .The mother milks contain special vitamins and nutrients which is essential in order for the baby to survive and develop during the early stages of the baby’s life. * -------------------------------------------------
It is during this life stage does the baby develop and grows at a rapidly. * -------------------------------------------------
Infants are born with various temporary and primitive reflexes this enable
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The baby would have the physical ability to:
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-Recognise and interact with people
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-Nelson would take interest to the sound of human voices and soon be able to
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Recognise the sound of is his mother voice. At 3 months the baby would start to have able to sit with his head held steady for a few seconds if supported. At 6 months he would have the ability to roll over. At 9 – 12 months the baby is more likely to have been able to stand for a few moment holding on to something for support. From 15 months Nelson would have been able to walk & crawl upstairs.
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Babies cannot hold up their head, roll over, sit up or use their hands to move objects deliberately. They develop these abilities as they grow older and physically develop. On average infants develop the ability to lift their head slightly at 0-1 month, the ability to pass an object from one hand to another and roll over at 6 months, the ability to crawl at 9-10 months and the ability to stand alone at the age of 12 months.
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Intellectual
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Intellectually a baby should have the ability to recognise sounds as their brain continues to grow rapidly. They are also able to makes sound when they are being spoken.
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At 9 months old the baby is more likely to begin to practice different sounds as they try to repeat syllables like mama and papa. The baby’s have a certain reflexes they are born with was born with the ability to sense objects due to the range of reflexes and mother skill which allows them to control the bodies’ muscles.
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Emotional
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As the babies grow they gradually development different kinds of emotions. As they get older they develop a wider range of responses to emotions.
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When infants reach the age of 2 years old the infant is less able to control how they respond to their emotions and will often have tantrums when frustrated, but by the age of 3 they are better able to control their emotions.
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Social
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At 6 weeks old newborn can smile at the main hurtle this is the first sign of babies’ first social interaction .Infants are very intrigued by different faces and soon would be able to recognise their main career giver.
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Childhood 4- 10 years old
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Physical
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During the Childhood life stage children experience growth spurt between the ages of 5 – 7 years old. Children develop better motor coordination .Foe example they improve their co-ordination & control, can skip, throw & catch accurately & hit a ball with a bat. Children balance improves and they are more stable when partaking in activities e.g. they are less likely to fall over.
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Intellectual
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During childhood a child learns how to talk better. They learn vocabulary which allows them to participate in conversation and understand different concepts .As children go to school they are able to demonstrate their listening and speaking skills,they are able to learn new words in class and they less egocentric this means that the child start to see things from different perspective and not from their point of view only .
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Emotional
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Children develop a wide range of different emotions such as angry, frustration, jealously and happiness. Children are also better at controlling the way they respond to their emotions. They learn they should express their emotions differently in different situations .Children look up to and depend on their main career for love, care, stability and sense of self-worth.
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Social
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By the age of 4 children need to interact with children around the same age .Children are less distress when being separated from their parents and they learn how to share things with their friends and siblings.
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Adolescence & Adulthood (19-65 years)
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Adolescence- Adolescence is a general stage of lifespan development that includes puberty. Puberty is a development stage which prepares the body for sexual reproduction. Puberty in girls often starts between the ages of 11 and 13, although it may begin earlier in some girls. Girls generally start puberty before 13 but boys generally start puberty later, often between 13 and15 years of age. It is triggered by the action of hormones that control sexual development. Both boys and girls may experience a 'growth spurt', where they grow taller at a faster rate than before. Girls' sexual development during puberty includes the enlargement of breasts, the development of pubic hair, increased fat layers under the skin and the start of menstrual periods. Boys will experience the enlargement of their testes and penis, the development of pubic and facial hair and increased muscle strength. Boys' voice boxes also grow causing their voice to 'break' and become deeper in tone. These major changes mean that adolescents look and behave very differently from children. The formal operational stage from 11+ years is thinking using logic and abstract thought processes (adult thinking). With formal logical reasoning, an adolescent/adult can solve complex problems in their head, learn to think in different ways and understand more difficult concepts than children.
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Adulthood starts at 19 and ends at the age of 65. When a young person becomes an adult, there is a likelihood that their social life will change. They will have more focusing on their career and starting a family. During adulthood many people seeks emotional comfort from the opposite sex. At the age 24, the individual is more likely to get married to their partner and their emotional needs were/are fulfilled.

Older adulthood (65+)
The final stages of life- The longest any human being has been verified to have lived is just over 122 years. In round figures 120 years is often accepted as the maximum lifespan for a human being. A range of processes may limit our lifespan. It seems that our body cells have a limited ability to renew themselves. If cells cannot renew themselves, then we cannot repair ourselves and stay healthy.

At this stage people think about death and dying in different ways. Some individuals are scared of death and try not to think about it at all, and others have strong religious beliefs which tell them not to worry about it and some individuals may get upset emotionally because they are scared of dying and leaving their loved ones and letting them go through the grief of the fact that they are going to die. Some older people may prepare for their death by achieving things in their lives that they have wanted to do all their life. Individuals who are facing death may want their family and friends around for comfort.

To increase your potential lifespan you should avoid exposure to toxic substances such as tobacco smoke. Nicotine from tobacco smoke may directly damage cell DNA. Eat a healthy diet with a good balance of fruit and vegetables and fiber. A balanced diet may help to limit the impact of toxic substances that may damage body cells. You should also take regular exercise. Research suggests that people who exercise regularly have a lower risk of degenerative diseases such as heart disease.