...Dr. Baumrind gives great insight into four main parenting styles. They consist of the authoritarian parent who rules with an iron fist. They believe what they say is law and there will be no straying from their rules. Their children are also expected not to disagree in any manner. The second style discussed by Baumrind is the permissive parent. These parents are a little more laid back and do not provide any consistency in their rules or consequences. “They place little or no limits or control on their children’s behavior” (Feldman,p.252). The third type she discusses is the authoritative style. These parents create set boundaries for their children while remaining firm and loving. They try to be as supportive as possible, but also use methods of reasoning with their children. The last style is the...
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...Authoritarian Parenting Style: The Negative Effect On Children Abstract The Authoritarian Parenting Style is one of four parenting styles used to rear children. Authoritarian Parenting style is described by Feldman (2011) as “parents that are controlling, punitive, rigid, cold. Their word is law, and they value strict, unquestioning obedience……; they do not tolerate expressions of disagreement (p.251).” Because children are unable to explore their own feelings, values and opinions, they, grow up with various negative effects. Some of those effects are anxiety, low self-esteem, lack of social skills and bullying other people. The negative effects, that these children inherit, naturally follow them into their adulthood. Feldman (2011) confirms “Children of authoritarian parents tend to be withdrawn…..they are not very friendly….boys are unusually hostile (p. 251).” The parenting style we choose to raise our children is so pivotal because it will shape the traits, personality and mannerisms of our children. As parents, ultimately we want to produce Godly, respectable, successful children that will one day be an asset to society. Parenting Styles Children reared with an authoritarian parenting style are laden with various negative effects that produce: anxiety, low self-esteem, over-aggression in males, dependence in females, lack of social skills, and becoming a bully. Although for this paper we will be focusing primary on the negative effects...
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...Running Head: AUTISM, ATTACHMENT AND PARENTING 1 Article Critique on Autism, Attachment and Parenting Jennifer L. York Liberty University AUTISM, ATTACHMENT AND PARENTING 2 Abstract This paper examines Rutgers et al.’s research article regarding autism, attachment and parenting. It is a comparison of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Mental Retardation (MR), Language Disorder (LD), and non-clinical children. This article addressed the issues of autism, attachment security, and parenting among the clinical and non-clinical groups. The author’s attachment security research was conducted using a variety of both screening questionnaires, and several parental self-report questionnaires assessing their parenting styles, parental efficacy, experiences of daily hassles, social support and psychological problems. Through the use of these questionnaires, observations by pediatric psychologists, and a follow-up at approximately four years of age, it was demonstrated that the children with ASD were rated less securely attached than both other clinical and non-clinical groups. Also, the parents of children with ASD reported a less authoritative parenting style and felt they received less social support than the parents of non-clinical children. This paper will delve deeper into their research and consider the results as it applies to the discipline. AUTISM, ATTACHMENT AND PARENTING 3 Article Critique...
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...is to help our child become self-reliant, respectful, and self-controlled. Relatives, schools, churches, therapists, health care professionals, and others can help. But the primary responsibility for discipline rests with us parents. Take a look at current parenting styles. According to Baumrind there are three styles of parenting: • An authoritative parent has clear expectations and consequences and is affectionate toward his or her child. The authoritative parent allows for flexibility and collaborative problem solving with the child when dealing with behavioral challenges. This is the most effective form of parenting. • An authoritarian parent has clear expectations and consequences, but shows little affection toward his or her child. The parent may say things like, "because I'm the Mommy, that's why." This is a less effective form of parenting. • A permissive parent shows lots of affection toward his or her child but provides little discipline. This is a less effective form of parenting. How do I proceed with this challenge? And how I use discipline. The discipline techniques I choose always depend on the type of inappropriate behavior my children display, my children's age and temperament, and my parenting style. I am typically an...
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...Parent Style Attachment An Overview of Parenting Styles and Attachment The quest to explore the connection between parenting styles and attachment styles was an eye opening journey. We have traveled with the psychologists who have helped us along the way in our pursuit to recognize the parent child dynamics, as it relates to parenting styles and attachment styles. Through the use of literature and my real world observations, I will show some links between attachment styles and parenting styles. The four basic parenting styles are as follows: Authoritative Parent An Authoritative Parent is described by Baumrind as parents who "monitor and impart clear standards for their children’s conduct. They are assertive, but not intrusive and restrictive. Their disciplinary methods are supportive, rather than punitive. They want their children to be assertive as well as socially responsible, and self-regulated as well as cooperative” (Baumrind, The Influence of Parenting Style on Adolescent Competence and Substance Use, 1991). This parenting style is the most popular in the United States, although in specific races, cultures and socioeconomic groups this parenting style may not be very popular. The authoritative parent is one who understands a child’s mind to be tabula rasa. These parents provide a positive emotional climate. They commonly use induction and socialization to mold, grow and correct a child’s behavior while preparing them to be responsible...
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...Infancy and Early Childhood Development Paper By: Pamela Smith March 8, 2014 PSY 375 Life Span Human Development Introduction While researching this topic I found it to be interesting that there is a controversy about this topic. When Judith Rich Harris published her book in 1998 "The Nurture Assumption" which in the book Harris revels that parents have little to no influence over the long-term development of their child's development. Therefore, developmental psychologist have found themselves on the defense about this topic. Harris believed that the child developed more by the people around them and the surrounding around them outside the home. Her ideas went widespread and gained media attention and therefore the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation sponsored a conference on parentingr." The fruit of this conference is a book, "Parenting and the Child's World: Influences on Academic, Intellectual and Socio emotional Development," to be published next year by Erlbaum. Chapters by Harris and behavioral geneticist David Rowe, PhD, present data to support Harris's view, while a cadre of developmental psychologists detail decades of research that they feel demonstrates the role parents play in influencing children's development" (Azar, pg. 62). Parents do matter, from the way they parent, to the foods they let the children eat, academics, socially, and personality development in a child. ...
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...norms. The root of these improper tendencies could be traced to family background, personality disposition, child socialization and genetic make up. Research spawned by Tamminen (2006), Shows that early lack of people skills could aggravate violent, rude and arrogant tendencies amongst children later in life. These skills include empathy, impulse control, problem solving, and anger management (Cole & Cole, 2003). In order to combat dissipation and bad behavior in children, parents must device complete long-term programs to teach children social skills and align their characters in accordance with the social norms. Many theories have been hypothesized to postulate why children behave in reprehensible discourteous and uncouth manners. This paper will offer biological, psychological and social explanations as to why children exhibit unexpected behaviors and how their mannerism is related to their parents and family background. There are numerous fundamental assumptions that cut across all psychological theories for explaining abnormal child behavior. To begin with, psychologists believe that the individual with the deviant behavior are responsible for their abnormal acts. Secondly, the individual’s temperament and disposition contributes towards the behavioral tendencies they exhibit. Finally, children who exhibit bad behaviors suffer from personality deficiencies. Considering those facets, the conclusion drawn can thus be stated; bad behaviors stem from abnormal, dysfunctional...
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...Parenting Styles Infancy and early childhood is one of the most serious and complicated stage of development because in this span of ages, the human being’s world still evolves in its parents’ means of taking care of them. “Each phase of the parent- child interaction can alter the status of the child so that during the subsequent phase of interaction the child stimulates the parent in a different way or reacts differently to parent behavior. In turn, parents discover that previous behaviors are no longer appropriate, and they are faced with finding new ways of guiding and interacting with the child” ( Hamner, 2001). Parenting is a huge responsibility. Some parents choose to practice an authoritative style of parenting. This type of parenting has high control but low responsiveness. Parents are often strict and have high expectations for their child’s behavior. They also value obedience and discipline and sometimes use punishment when their children do not do what is expected of them. The parents that practice this type of parenting do not explain the reasoning behind the rules they set. If the child asks why things and rules are like they are, the parents’ response will simply be because they said so. These parents are “obedience- and status-oriented, and expect their orders to be obeyed without explanation” (Baumrind, 1991). The product of such parenting is children that are obedient and good student but are also unhappy, anxious, and withdrawn...
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...Comparison of Child Rearing Practices Donna Sarvis ANT 101 – Introduction to Cultural Anthropology Instructor – David Jenkins September 2, 2013 Comparison of Child Rearing Practices The purpose of this paper is to express the different ways culture affects child-rearing practices. Culture and child rearing are both essential in child development. Culture and ethnicity can have a deciding effect on the child-rearing techniques that families implement throughout the world. Differences such as methods of discipline, expectations regarding acceptance of responsibilities and transmission of religious instruction will vary among different cultures. The paper will include facts and information from three very different cultures about child-rearing practices. Culture is the customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits of a racial, religious, or social group (Greenwood, 2013). Child rearing practices are ways in which children in a society are raised (Greenwood, 2013).. Regardless of their cultural orientation, parents play a significant role in helping their children become honorable and contributing members of society. They accomplish this by nurturing their children, engaging in problem solving with them, and modeling by example of culturally acceptable ways of living and solving problems. A culturally evaluative theory called neo-Freudianism focuses on personal development in that it puts much importance on early childhood experiences being crucial to the development...
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...Developing a healthy child. 1. Nature versus Nurture: an ongoing debate describing the differences in child development. The prime question of this debate is whether genetic factors or environmental factors determine the development of a child. Nature or genetic factors refers to biological or hereditary genes imbedded in a child. Nature factor determines a child’s physical appearance like the eye color, hair color, height and other traits that are inherited. Nativists or a group of people who believe strongly in Nature, form an assumption that each individual is different due to his individual genetic code. Characteristics that are not observed at birth but which emerge later in life are formed due to maturation. On the contrary, environmental factors or Nurture refers to a child’s daily interactions with various people. The Nurture factor determines a child’s personality which he adapts due to his surroundings. Empiricists or people who are strong believers of Nurture, believe that a human mind at the time of birth is a blank slate or tabula rasa and is gradually formed due to environmental influences. They believe that psychological characteristics and behavioral differences that emerge through infancy and childhood are a result of learning. (Book) * A child’s reaction of a specific behavior and the influence of Nature-Nurture Anger, an emotion characterized by resentment toward someone or something you feel has deliberately done something wrong to you. Anger can...
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...1590/S0102-79722010000200002 DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY The influence of gender and birth order on parenting practices Gender and birth order the moderators parenting Izabela Tissot Sampaio Antunes Federal University of Santa Catarina * , Mauro Luís Vieira ABSTRACT This study evaluated gender and birth order as moderating variables of parenting practices and perception of parental preference from the point of view of the children. Participated in the survey 322 adolescents between 13 and 17 years. Parenting Styles Inventory (ESI) and a questionnaire developed by the authors: two instruments for data collection were used. Data were analyzed by non-parametric statistics (MannWhitney and Kruskal-Wallis). By analyzing the results, it was found that: (a) the gender of the children interferes significantly in rates of parenting style, (b) the first-born had significantly higher risk of suffering from negative parenting practices, and (c) the perception of preference parenting is influenced by gender and birth order of the children. Keywords: Gender, Birth Order, Parental Educational Practices. ABSTRACT This study Aimed at Assessing gender and birth order influence on parenting and Perceived parental favoritism from the children perspective. The participants were 322 adolescents aged between 13 and 17 years old. Two instruments were used to collect data - Parenting Styles Inventory and a questionnaire developed by the authors. Nonparametrical statistics (Mann-Whitney...
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...Infancy and Early Childhood Development Paper DeAnna Buckley Psy 375 November 17, 2014 Linda O'Connor Infancy and Early Childhood Development Paper Introduction Parents get excited to hear their baby’s first words and wonder will it be mama or da da? To see their first steps to experience the moment when they use the potty for the first time to when they go for their first day of preschool. All of these brief experiences are unforgettable precious moments. There are so many important aspects as an infant grows and develops into early childhood. There are several essential aspects that affect how a child develops such as how families affect development. In addition, this paper will discuss in further detail how specific parenting styles such as authoritarian, authoritative, permissive, and uninvolved can affect childhood development. Furthermore, another influential factor can be early childhood education and its influence on cognitive development. Families Affect Development Families can help aide in the development of children but can hinder learning and development also. Families possess more influence on a child’s development than any other person or situation at that current time or any other period of life. “Nurturing relationships in a family are critical for the healthy development of a child. If a child feels safe, secure, and loved in their family, it helps with the formation of their self-esteem and well-being. It can also lead to a child who is more socially...
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...FAMIPOP Reflection Paper Name:_________________ Section:_________________ Date:____________ Reflection Paper Number:________ FAMIPOP Reflection Paper Name:_________________ Section:_________________ Date:____________ Reflection Paper Number:________ The topic my group chose for our research paper, and consequently our talk show, was the effects of parenting styles on the students’ perception of their academic performance. We chose this topic because, as students, we found how different students study in different styles interesting. We wanted to dive into the more specific details of these students study habits and work ethics. From studying early in the morning to reading various text books late at night, we though this could probably be caused by how they were raised and the environment they grew up in, especially regarding their parents’ treatment toward these students. Initially, we got major information we could use for our research during class. It was found that children behaved and grow up depending on how they were treated at home, after all, most of our lives start at home. Children with authoritarian parents, which entail parents who are very strict and implement rules just because they are the parent, tend to be rebellious and aggressive. Children with authoritative parents, or parents who stand in the center of strict control and leniency, tend to be obedient, responsible...
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...Secure attachment and its correlation with violent behavior Kisha Serrano March 12, 2016 PSY 235 1N2 Professor: Lisa Routh Abstract The study of adolescence and the changes puberty can ensue are the topic of this paper. Puberty lasts approximately 5 years from beginning to end. This changes can influence how a child views life and the surrounding environment. In May 2015, a Colorado boy was involved in the attempted murder of his mother. This paper discusses the possible parenting style, attachment and environmental influences that might have perpetuated this situation. Insecure attachment and parenting styles correlate with an increase risk factor of violent behavior in adolescents. There are longitudinal studies linking attachment security and parenting with a child’s aggressive behavior. Also influencing such behavior is the media, who have been desensitizing children for the last two decades. When the 12-year-old offender was question, he could provide significant information as to why he attempted to kill his mother, which suggests the child might not have been aware of his externalizing tendencies. Secure attachment and its correlation with violent behavior May 01, 2015, Deputies from the El Paso County Sheriff’s office responded to a stabbing involving an 11-year-old and his mother. According to the information obtain the 11-year-old fell 20-30 feet from the window within the home. It is unknown whether...
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...American vs. Chinese Child Rearing Krystle Hawkins July 13, 2014 ANT 101 Introductions to Cultural Anthropology Christopher Deere In different cultures, there are different styles of child rearing practices. “Child rearing practice is the process of promoting and supporting the philosophy, emotional, social, and intellectual development along with the educational experiences of a child from infancy to adulthood. Parenting refers to the aspects of raising a child aside from the biological relationship” (Webster, n.d.) Parenting is rooted in not only where the child grows up and lives in but also it has a lot to do with the child’s childhood experiences. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention cultures can have a Hugh affect on the practices and parenting styles. For example, culture that both parents that share parenting responsibilities and work full time are really different from a culture that has a stern disciplinarian father in which he is the breadwinner of the family will actually have different types of affects on child- rearing practices. Child rearing is broken down into four categories, which are Behavioral Expectations, Affection, Education and Physical Punishment. In this paper, I will be comparing Chinese and American child- rearing. I find after researching the both of them, they are quite different in a lot of ways. Chinese child rearing philosophy are to have a very organized system where the government take on the responsibility of...
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