...In the first class lecture we focused on theories of attachment. We discussed two prominent researchers of developmental attachment: John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth. From Bowlby’s monkey experiment we understand the main keys of attachment: warmth and responsiveness. From their research we can begin to understand the importance of a secure base for development. Infants are motivated to seek proximity to caregivers as a survival tool. Closeness to parents improves infant survival, emotional health and organization of mental processes. There are four distinct labels in which attachment styles are categorized: secure, insecure avoidant, insecure ambivalent, and insecure disorganized. The attachment style adopted by the child is surprisingly not...
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...Reflection Paper Brian Jay Johnson Liberty University Over the last nine months my wife and I have been fretting because we have no experience raising children. Our first child is due within the next four days. Thankfully this book by Siegal & Bryson has shed some light on the subject. To be honest, this class is an answer to our prayers. Every night I have been taking notes and sharing all these profound and revolutionary techniques for developing a child’s brain with my wife before we go to bed. I have always known that my current actions and beliefs could be traced back to the way I was raised! My parents loved and provided for me but they had a very crazy relationship. There was parties, drugs, adultery, fighting, as well as physical and verbal abuse. It is obvious to me now why I have always struggled in relationships. According to Siegal & Bryson, the dysfunction I witnessed between my parents gave me an insecurity about myself, them, and relationships (2011). I am even confident enough to say that, as an alcoholic, my mirror neurons began connecting with their poor behaviors at an early age. Today, I am saved by His grace and being made new! One of my objectives in life is to have a lasting and influential effect on people. It is easy to understand how happy I was ten months ago when my wife told me that we were going to be parents. That meant, I was going to be given an opportunity to have the kind of influence on people that I had longed for!! If you couple...
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...Use integrated linguistic and literary approaches to discuss how Capote presents Mrs Hickock in this extract. Go on to compare how the presentation of mothers elsewhere in “In Cold Blood” and in “True History of the Kelly Gang”. In this extract Capote presents Mrs Hickock in a 3rd person narrative description of her reaction at the trial of her son, and also how she expresses herself and her feelings toward the matter. This extract is during the trial wherein they describe Dick’s crimes. Capote describes Mrs Hickock’s grief using verb phrases such as “simulated a smile” which is effective in emphasising how hard the smile truly was. The way in which Capote depicts Mrs Hickock and how she “expressed a need to confide” using the noun “need” in a way that exemplifies her how much of a necessity the talk was to her, which further represents her outlet of grief. Using several adjectives such as “rumpled” and adverbs such as “flimsily” suggest how weak she is feeling at this moment in time. Despite her grief Capote still uses the somewhat cheery adjectives “pudgy” and “agreeable” to describe Mrs Hickock which contrasts her inner turmoil which I feel somewhat represents Capote’s journalistic style at this time in contrast to his fiction style because throughout the extract he generally recounts it as a journalistic point, facts and his own memory of Mrs Hickock and then using those adjectives gives the impression he liked the woman, and was inputting a somewhat opinionated description...
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...to remake contemporary family life as the post-modern family, such a definition carries with it overtones from the definition of postmodern art and literature. In these fields the term post-modern signals the end of a familiar pattern of activity and emergence of new areas of endeavour whose activities are unclear and whose meanings and implications are not yet well understood. Thus, the post-modern is characterized by uncertainty, insecurity, and doubt (Stacey 1990). Full consensus on the definition of the emerging post-modern family structure has not been reached, despite recognition of the need for better understanding of the variety of human families in the post-modern period and insight into how large-scale social patterns affect personal and domestic relationships (Hossfeld 1991). The post-modern world is shaped by pluralism, democracy, religious freedom, consumerism, mobility, and increasing access to news and entertainment. Residents of this post-modern world are able to see that there are...
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... | | |6-9 |2 points | |10+ |3 points | The importance of self-awareness in social work practice is emphasized in Standard 2. Self-Awareness of the NASW Standards for Cultural Competence in Social Work Practice “Social workers shall develop an understanding of their own personal and cultural values and beliefs as a first step in appreciating the importance of multicultural identities in the lives of people….Cultural competence includes knowing and acknowledging how fears, ignorance, and the “isms” (racism, sexism, ethnocentrism, heterosexism, ageism, classism) have influenced their attitudes, beliefs, and feelings.” The skill of self-awareness refers to the ability to recognize our own thoughts, beliefs, emotions, personality traits, personal values, habits, biases, strengths, weaknesses, and the psychological needs that drive our behaviors. It includes the ability to recognize how we react to cues in the environment and how our emotions affect our way of relating to others. Social work is a profession that is founded on the ability to cultivate positive relationships with people who may be very different from us. There may be differences in age, race, personality, gender, socioeconomic status, health, sexual orientation...
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...RUNNING HEAD: CULTURE AND PARENTING Culture and parenting Introduction Parenting is the first and likely most important mechanism through which culture is reproduced (Cauce, 2008). Every child is born into a certain circumstance and learns through interactions with the surroundings. Parents are generally the first and key people in a child’s life, so it should come as no surprise that parenting has influences on the development of children’s temperament, which later impacts their school performance. This article is going to explore how parenting varies among different ethnic groups including Asian Americans, African American, Latinos, and European Americans. More specifically, what factors should be included when considering the parenting characteristics of a unique ethnic group and what implications might they have for schooling today. Theories Two of the modern theories that are concerned with cultural influences on human development are Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory and Ecological Systems Theory proposed by Urie Bronfenbrenner. First, Vygotsky’s theory defined culture as the values, beliefs, customs, and skills of a social group. His Sociocultural Theory focuses on how culture is transmitted to the next generation. According to Vygotsky, social interaction – in particular, cooperative dialogues with more knowledgeable members of society – is necessary for children to acquire the ways of thinking...
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...Introduction In this essay, I will discuss my experience of interviewing a family and constructing a genogram guided by their narrative. For this task, I purposely chose a family that is very different from my family of origin in terms of their cultural heritage. I will reflect on differences and similarities between our families as well as my prejudices and hypothesis that I inevitably constructed before and during the process. To identify this family, I had to approach some colleagues proposing to them to participate in the interview. Fortunately, one of them introduced me to her friend. Francesca had an interest in psychology, and since she was free and not much committed, I did welcome her with a cup of coffee to share more about the interview. After I formally introduced myself to her, I laid down to her the framework of the interview, and she agreed to participate with her husband, Matteo. Family context The family I interviewed comes from Italy, but they moved to the UK 3 years ago. I noticed that knowing these few details I was already constructing hypothesis based on stereotypes. I was dreading the interview because I was expecting to have difficulty in stopping them talking since I was concerned about getting enough information to construct the genogram. I also hypothesized whether being new to the UK makes them consider participating in projects like mine to increase a sense of belonging. Another hypothesis where I imagined them to have very firmly attachments to...
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... her parents, her sister Lena and her brothers, big Alec and George William. The story shows how a child sees and experiences different situations, and how they separate good and bad. Childhood and parenting are clear themes in the text. In the essay there will be analyzes of the setting, the narration and point of view, the language, make a characterization of the main character, and write about the structure. I will focus on the narrative techniques and the narrator’s language. At lasts an interpretation in the conclusion. The setting of the story is happy, but still with a scary atmosphere. The kids love to play at the surroundings of the house, but can’t get dirty because of the mother. The narrator finds it exciting to be up at the attic, but she has to be careful. If her mother finds out she is there, she will be very angry. “If I was a boy like my big cousin Wilf or like my babby brother George William, I could get filthy dirty. But I don’t want Mammy to shout at me again today –and when I get mucky, she rubs me red raw in the bath...” (p. 1 lin. 28-30). It is cold in the rooms, maybe because they are poor. The narrator in the text is a first person narrator. The narrator is the little girl, Elizabeth, and she is the “I” in the story. This makes the story personal, but also subjective, because we only hear the story from her point of view. We also hear her thoughts. “I think I’ll leave the door open. The lacy collar of my frog is too tight around my neck and it...
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...Clinically, Kelly developed a psychotherapy technique called fixed-role therapy. In fixed-role therapy, the therapist asks the client to adopt a different identity for a two-week period. The client is asked to act the part of someone whose constructions and behaviors are significantly different from the client’s. Because the client is only playing a role, any threat that might occur as a result of violating one’s own personal identity are minimized. After all, the client is simply playing a part. However, in so doing the client experiments with alternative ways of construing and behaving that may produce personal growth. Personal construct psychology has become associated with theories of constructivism, which emphasize that people know the world indirectly through constructed understandings. Radical constructivism views the person as a closed system, one in which a person’s internal psychological structure determines experiential reality. One’s structure is only sensitive to specific kinds of stimulation from the external world. People do not experience the world as it is, but rather experience it only in the ways their internal structure allows. On the other hand, social constructionism deemphasizes individual knowledge construction and instead stresses that human understandings spring from ongoing relationships. Through discussion and interaction with each other, people negotiate and reach consensus about what is real and true. Discourses, defined as ways of talking about...
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...himself or herself by not eating the foods their friends have at parties, outings, etc. She also works with the families on how to educate the schools (child's teachers) about the illness and how the school could embrace the child and create an atmosphere where the child feels more comfortable socially and the other students are not intimidated by child's wheelchair and/or presence of personal assistant or nurse. Ronit also, spent 7 years practicing in the foster home/adoption field. She worked with prospective adoptive parents during the time they meet the child they decide to adopt from the foster care system. She utilizes a brief systemic model of therapy. In her approach, the client is the expert and we work with the strengths and resources the client already possesses. In this approach (solution-focused therapy is one model of systemic therapy she uses), she and her client’s look at what has worked in the past and what was the client doing differently to achieve these exceptions when the "problem" was not present or controlling the client's life. A very similar model is the Narrative approach (client and therapist discuss an "ideal future" and look for the "unique outcomes" when the problem is not so present in the client's life. In this model, metaphors are used during the conversation. In solution-focused...
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...Reading Between the Lines: An analysis of Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, or, the Modern Prometheus, using Horace Walpole’s The Castle of Otranto as an example of male discourse about women Louise Othello Knudsen English Almen, 10th semester Master’s Thesis 31-07-2012 Tabel of Contents Abstract ................................................................................................................................................ 3 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 5 Historical Context .............................................................................................................................. 10 The View on Women and Their Expected Roles in the late 18th and 19th Century ....................... 11 - Mary Shelley disowns herself .................................................................................................. 11 - Mary Shelley’s Background .................................................................................................... 12 Women’s Role in Frankenstein ..................................................................................................... 13 Men’s Role in Frankenstein ........................................................................................................... 13 - Women in Society and Women as Writers .........................................................
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...Sensitive mothering is essential to the social and emotional development of the child. Discuss this statement in the context of relevant developmental theory. Explain what is meant by the term sensitive mothering. Explain why sensitive mothering is important in building a positive emotional base. (15) - Give a definition of sensitive mothering (also consider insensitive mothering). - Link this to a positive or non-positive emotional base. Link this explanation to Bowlby’s attachment theory and Ainsworth’s studies. You will need to show an understanding of the internal working model of attachment and how sensitive mothering impacts on the quality of attachment. (25) - Outline Bowlby’s theory of attachment, showing evidence of how the ethological studies of Harlow and Lorenz, and his own research with war orphans and evacuees and juvenile delinquents impacted his theory. - Determine the phases of attachment and the development of the internal working model of attachment. - Consider Ainsworth’s research and the types of secure and insecure attachments that resulted from the research. - This needs to be linked back to mothering style and the internal working model of attachment that each infant is developing. Links also need to be made to Erikson’s relevant psychological stages of personality development, emphasising the importance of a supportive social environment. (15) - Consider Erikson’s psychosocial theory of personality, especially the first stage...
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...myself, especially if it is murder. Nonetheless, in the field of psychology, a psychologist can argue that Thompson and Venable portray character traits of a psychopath, especially since they do not portray empathy towards others around them. Not to mention that a psychologist can also argue that Thompson and Venable’s oxytocin circuit in their brain were not properly natured, because of their child abuse trauma. Such abuse prevents one’s oxytocin circuit from developing properly (Zak, 2011, p.2). Thompson and Venable had a difficult childhood—that consisted of neglect—this is child abuse: “A narrative emerged of two childhoods influenced not merely by the flaws of parents or the absence of a father, but by the environment in which these boys lived”(“Did bad parenting really turn these boys into killers?,” 2000, Para 7). Raising one’s children to become successful individuals in their personal and professional life is difficult; in fact, being parents is not an easy job. Not to mention, recently, I got the opportunity to realize that in life, human beings make mistakes, no one is perfect, especially me, for example: oftentimes, I sit down and realize that I can be a hypocrite at times. This one of my flaws, as well as something that I have to work on; therefore, who am I to judge Thompson and Venable for being murders or to judge their parents for the way in which they chose to raise their sons? To conclude, in two weeks, I will become a member of the Catholic Church. During my Rite...
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...Module code: HRPYC81 Research report for Project: 4805 Assignment number: 27 Title of Study: The Determinants Of Moral Development In Curbing Adolescents’ Moral Decay. Surname: Zondo Initials: G. L. Student number: 43097855 Examination period: October/November 2015 1 The Determinants Of Moral Development In Curbing Adolescents’ Moral Decay. Abstract The study explored the determinants of moral development in curbing adolescents’ moral decay. These determinants included identity development, gender, parental (mother) relationship with adolescent, and ethical and moral values. A mixed-model method (both quantitative and qualitative) was used to conduct the study. Participants were sampled through convenience sampling. The sample of a total of 1387 from the pooled data was used for the quantitative part of the research. While for the qualitative study a sample of 20 adolescents (10 boys and 10 girls) who were high-school students (in grade 10 and 11) from 12 to 18 years of age from Gebeni High School in Swaziland was used. The researcher aimed to investigate the extent of determinants of moral development in curbing adolescents’ moral decay and to make recommendations on the development of socialization structures to curb adolescents’ moral decay. Findings revealed that the determinants played a major role in adolescents’ moral development. However, further research is needed to be conducted with a lager sample for the qualitative study. 2 From a scholarly point of view...
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...Maruna Response Paper 1) The idea of desistance is talked about throughout the course of the Maruna book. Desistance can be defined as a sudden end of criminal behavior. Understanding desistance has been a challenge for many years, with many criminologists publishing theories. Matza and Glazer believed that criminal behavior was sporadic. Matza was one of the first people to explain the idea of desistance and theories of criminal behavior. Glazer described criminal behavior as a “zigzag path” because criminals often go back and forth between committing crimes (Maruna, 2001). These criminals can commit a crime and then obey the law for the next couple weeks. The problem with defining desistance is the question of what really constitutes as legit desistance. Like stated before, someone can go months or even years without committing a crime, but does that mean the offending behavior is terminated? Farrall and Bowling view desistance as the ending of a criminal career (Maruna, 2001). Farrall and Bowling describe this type of desistance almost the same way that a person quits a job where one stops doing a routine. The factors that had the most impact on the desistance process would be choice or rational choice. When criminals were asked why they stopped committing crimes most became sick of the lifestyle and hit rock bottom so they wanted to start a new chapter in their lives. This is important because the ex offenders are making rational decisions to stop committing crimes. These...
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