...Whooping cough, also known as pertussis, is a serious infection that spreads easily from person to person. The infection causes coughing spells so severe that it can be hard to breathe, eat, or sleep. Pertussis can lead to pneumonia or hospitalization. Although whooping cough can make adults very sick, another big concern is that adults are the most common source of infection in babies, who are at the highest risk of dying from it. A. Mentally and emotionally: • Pertussis can cause considerable amount of distress to both child and adult. • Adults fear they are the sole cause of their child being sick with pertussis. • Pertussis can cause regression and loss of developmental milestones, leading to negative changes in mental and emotional health. • Parents have a fear for the life and health of their child with sever pertussis due to its ability to cause death. Speaker Notes--Untreated, adults can act as a reservoir for pertussis disease and infect younger children—where the disease can be fatal, especially in infants younger than 1 year old. Adults 65 and older who anticipate having close contact with an infant (e.g., grandparents, child-care providers, and health-care practitioners) should receive a single dose of T-dap to protect against pertussis and reduce the likelihood of transmission (CDC, 2011). B. Physically • One of the major symptoms of Pertussis is Uncontrollable cough. • Pertussis can cause thick mucus to develop in the lungs and clog air passages...
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...Roulette aired on April 19, 1982. The documentary questioned the safety and effectiveness of the diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine (DPT). It claimed that after investigating the pertussis portion of the vaccine they found that the DPT vaccine could damage to a devastating degree. Although many people believed the reports, the claim that the pertussis vaccine caused permanent brain damage was later found to be false. (Offit, 2011). A few years earlier in Britain, pediatric neurologist John Wilson, claimed that the pertussis vaccine caused brain damage in children. Further medical studies reported that 1 in 100,000 children suffered brain damage because of DPT. The media exploded with the results of these studies, an enormous number of lawsuits were filed, and the vaccine stopped being given. After years of replicating the initial study that found a correlation between the pertussis vaccine and brain damage, none of the studies could prove an association (Offit, 2010). Further research found that children with defects to a specific gene, SCN1A, would have seizures and mental retardation, independent of whether they receive vaccines. This research proved that the pertussis vaccine did not cause brain damage to children. However, the damage was already done - the media had already falsely alarmed parents about the harm of the pertussis vaccine. Once research had proved those claims wrong, no one noticed and no media outlet reported it to the public. This is the atmosphere...
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...particular disease. So this incident intrigue me to learn and do more research on this disease. The name of the disease and the etiology The name of this disease is Pertussis and also known as the Whooping cough. According to the CDC website, the etiology of this disease is caused by a type of bacteria called Bordetella pertussis. These bacteria attach to the cilia (tiny, hair-like extensions) that line part of the upper respiratory system. The bacteria release toxins, which damage the cilia and cause inflammation (swelling) (Pertussis, 2014)....
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...plane ride away. It is very important to be educated and informed about immunization, the risks versus benefits, so that we can be wise and immunize. Immunization Benefits Immunization against deadly diseases has been a hot topic for many years, and the public needs to be informed on both the benefits and risks that are associated with the vaccines, so that all people can make a well informed decision on whether or not to vaccinate. There seems to be many misconceptions about the vaccines, but the cold, hard, truth is that immunization prevents illness, disability, and death from vaccine preventable diseases such as: polio, diphtheria, pneumonia, rubella, tetanus, pertussis, measles, and rotavirus diarrhea. About 22.4 million infants did not receive the diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis vaccines in 2011. More than 70% of these children live in ten countries: Pakistan, Afghanistan, Nigeria, the Philippines, South Africa, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Chad, Ethiopia, India, and Indonesia. (“ WHO World Immunization Week,” 2014) Disease Control Approximately two hundred years after the discovery of vaccine by English Physician Edward Jenner,...
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...Pertussis, also known as whooping cough is an extremely contagious respiratory tract infection. It is commonly noted by a severe hacking cough directly followed by a high-pitched intake of air that sounds like a “whoop”. Many years before a vaccine was made, pertussis was considered a deadly childhood disease. Today, pertussis generally affects children who are too young to have fully completed a full course of vaccinations; however, in recent years, (2012) the United States reported nearly 50,000 cases of pertussis which accounted for the most cases since 1955. Symptoms Once infection sets in, it can take seven to ten days for signs and symptom to appear. It can even take a little longer. At first one can expect: •Runny Nose •Nasal...
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...Evaluation of a Website Chamberlain College of Nursing NR500: Foundational Concepts and Applications Summer 2014 Evaluation of a Website “The Center for Disease Control and Prevention is one of the major operating components of the Department of Health and Human Services” and it that offers health and safety information regarding health issues” (CDC.gov, 2014, organization, para.1). CDC.gov is a free on-line communication that is available to individuals, researchers, students and health-care providers. According to their website, the CDC.gov (2014) offers approximately 500 million pages and averages 41 million views per month. The purpose of CDC.gov (2014) is to offer reliable health information about data and statistics, diseases and conditions, emergencies and disasters, environmental health, and many more topics to all individuals who are interested (CDC.gov, purpose of website, para. 1). The particular section of the CDC.gov researched is about Vaccines and Immunizations. The search engine used to locate this information was Google Scholar. Its URL is http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/?s_cid=cdc_homepage_topmenu_002. Website Criteria Five criteria’s must be present when performing an analysis of a reliable website. The CDC’s website clearly addresses each of them. There are several qualified authors responsible for the material on this website who are experts in the area of vaccines. The CDC.gov website indicates the content source for vaccines as the National Center...
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...informs you about the disease pertussis or whooping cough as others may call it. This disease has been around for a very long time and even though there has been a vaccine for over 50 years, this disease seems to still be a problem. Experts are always working around the clock to find new and improved vaccines to rid the world of the pertussis bacteria. In the first section of the text the author will describe the history of the bacteria that cause the whooping cough and exactly what it is comprised of and the toxins that it carries which make the bacteria so deadly and hard to figure out and treat. The signs and symptoms of this disease are very similar to those of the common cold so many people often mistake it as such and do not seek medical advice until it is too late. The second portion of the text is going to tell you about the recent and past trends of the disease in the United States. The numbers are unpredictable and no one can seem to put a finger on the actual reason why this is, there are a few opinions however. There are a few new vaccines that have been introduced to the world and the hopes are that they will be as helpful as the old vaccine that was given over 50 years ago. “Whooping cough affects approximately 48.5 million people every year, of whom 295,000 die.” (Nordqvist, 2014) Pertussis is a very severe and highly contagious respiratory disease commonly known as the whooping cough caused by the bacteria Bordetella Pertussis. Until recently it was known...
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...1. You are a physician assistant taking care of a 30-year old pregnant woman. b. What immunizations would be contraindicated in this patient? Provide a short description of the disease that each of these vaccinations would have prevented, including type of pathogen (virus, bacteria, fungus, parasite, toxin), route of transmission, short description of disease (clinical manifestations). Contraindicated Immunizations during Pregnancy Description of disease that the vaccination would have prevented Type of Pathogen Route of Transmission Short Description of Disease (Clinical Manifestations) Varicella Chickenpox is the disease the varicella vaccine would prevent. Chickenpox is the initial activation of the varicella-zoster virus. Occurs mainly in children. Usually lasts about 10 days. Virus Chickenpox is a highly contagious disease spread by an infected person coughing or sneezing causing a person who has never had chickenpox, or been vaccinated, to get chickenpox. Itchy vesicular eruptions/rash and fever. Lesions first begin on the back of the head and ears then spread to the rest of the body. Zoster Shingles. Shingles is the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus. Usually occurs around age 50 after the initial onset of the varicella-zoster virus. Virus It is the reactivation of latent varicella-zoster virus. The disease can only happen if they were exposed to the chickenpox earlier in life. The painful eruption of vesicular lesions along with inflammation. Can last for...
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...Pell makes a clear argument that patients and parents of young minors are not fully informed on the truth about vaccines and that they should think twice before making a decision to be injected before they are informed upon the true effectiveness and safety claims of the manufacturer. Pell believes that those with a “pro-vaccine mentality” are in danger and need to rethink their decision before unknowingly going through with a vaccine that could possibly not help, but rather hurt them. Rob Pell is able to support his anti-vaccine argument through the use of statistics and facts. One important statistic he recognizes is” In the US and England, the death rate from Pertussis (whooping cough) dropped from about 60 deaths per thousand in the mid-1800s to about 2 per thousand in the early 1950s, even before the Pertussis vaccine was used. Deaths from measles from the mid-1800s until the 1963 introduction of the measles vaccine fell at a nearly identical rate.” Rob Pell uses this specific statistic in order to show that even before vaccines were administered, in both cases the death rate was already decreasing rapidly throughout the United States and England. An extremely important fact Pell uses to further his point is “A 1978 survey of 30 states showed that more than half of all children who contracted measles had been fully vaccinated. Sweden abandoned its whooping cough vaccine after it examined 5,140 cases of whooping cough in 1978 and found that 84 percent had been vaccinated...
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...Cheung Kong MBA Thesis Oral Defense Jul 30/31, 2011 Takeda’s Vaccine Business Strategy CKMBA0621 Jenny Jie PENG 彭洁 Agenda 1. 2. 3. Why Vaccines? – – Key Trends – – – – Maximize value of current assets Major Drivers for Growth Why Takeda? Why Vaccines Create Opportunity for Takeda Current pipeline opportunities Short and long term growth potential Capability mapping for future growth How? Roadmap to Establish Takeda’s Global Vaccines Business – – – Opportunities and barriers to entry Strategic roadmap to enter global vaccines market and address capability gaps Proposed action plan Why Vaccine? Vaccine Has Become an Attractive Market • • • Vaccine is the most cost-effective tool for disease prevention and reduction of healthcare costs Investment in partnerships and other deals to develop and manufacture vaccines has been on a tear: dollars in government and non-government grants are bringing – Billionways to develop and manufacture new and improved vaccines better, faster worldwide emphasis on – Rising are purchasing a broader preventive health care: Government and private sector set of modern vaccines – Acceleration of vaccine development since the birth flu, SARS, swine flu – The advent of the first multibillion-dollar vaccines, have further boosted their appeal Vaccines now are viewed as a crucial path to growth, as drug makers look for ways to bolster slowing prescription medicine sales amid intensifying generic competition and government pressure to cut...
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...Background and context Vaccines are among the most cost-effective health interventions of all time. Despite this, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 1.7 million annual deaths among children under 5 years of age are due to diseases that could have been prevented by routine vaccination (WHO, 2010). For example, although it is estimated that Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) vaccines reach about 80% of children globally, the number of unimmunized children under 1 year of age who did not receive the three-dose diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis vaccine (DTP3) was 23.2 million in 2009 (WHO, 2010). Seventy per cent of these children live in ten countries: Chad, China, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, India, Indonesia, Kenya, Nigeria, Pakistan and Uganda (WHO, 2010). There are many factors that prevent children from being immunized, including political instability in a country, the strength of the immunization programme (e.g. number of health-care workers, facilities, cold chain), geographical location, and communication/ perceptions about the safety of vaccines. These barriers have been addressed in other documents (WHO, 2009a). The focus of this report is on increasing vaccine access though increased production. In addition to the children who miss out on basic vaccines, there are huge inequalities in access to new vaccines between children in developed countries and children in developing countries. Furthermore,...
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...Diphtheria Treatment: If the health care provider thinks you have diphtheria, treatment should be started immediately, even before test results are available. Diphtheria antitoxin is given as a shot into a muscle or through an IV (intravenous line). The infection is then treated with antibiotics, such as penicillin and erythromycin. People with diphtheria may need to stay in the hospital while the antitoxin is being received. Other treatments may include: * Fluids by IV * Oxygen * Bed rest * Heart monitoring * Insertion of a breathing tube * Correction of airway blockages Anyone who has come into contact with the infected person should receive an immunization or booster shots against diphtheria. Protective immunity lasts only 10 years from the time of vaccination, so it is important for adults to get a booster of tetanus-diphtheria (Td) vaccine every 10 years. Those without symptoms who carry diphtheria should be treated with antibiotics. Expectations (prognosis): Diphtheria may be mild or severe. Some people may not have symptoms. In others, the disease can slowly get worse. The death rate is 10%. Recovery from the illness is slow. Complications: The most common complication is inflammation of the heart muscle (myocarditis). The nervous system is also frequently and severely affected, which may result in temporary paralysis. The diphtheria toxin can also damage the kidneys. http://www.umm.edu/ency/article/001608trt...
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...WHOOPING COUGH Pertussis/Whooping Cough Mary Beth Gibson Ashford University August 27, 2012 Instructor Kristin Akerele What is pertussis? What describe the epidemiology of pertussis? Who provides services to patients with pertussis? The Government mandates we have policies and procedures in place? Identify barriers that might make it difficult for treatment or patients to access services needed? Communication sometimes causes challenges for the public. In order to maintain our safety we should have strategies for communication to follow. The federal government makes sure the states and local levels are following protocol. What is pertussis, commonly known as “whooping cough”? Whooping cough is an infection of the respiratory system causes by bacterium bordetella pertussis. Pertussis is characterized by severe coughing spell, which makes a “whooping” sound when you breathe. Pertussis usually affects infants younger than 6 months old that are not adequately protected by immunizations. It also affects youth 11 to 18 years old, because their immunity is starting to fade. Some of the first symptoms of whooping cough are similar to common cold, such as runny nose, mild cough, and low grade fever and sneezing. “After about 1 to 2 weeks, the dry, irritating cough evolves into coughing spells. During a coughing spell, which can last for more than a minute, the child may turn red or purple. At the end of a spell, the child may make a characteristic whooping sound when breathing...
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...What is the mechanism that Bordetella pertussis uses to invade epithelial cells in the lungs? The bacteria, Bordetella pertussis causes cough which becomes serious cough as the bacteria stays in the upper respiratory track and releases toxins which lead to the inflammation. The lungs consist of the Epithelial cell lining which is invaded by this bacteria. There are two stages for this disease the first stage is the colonization of the bacteria in the upper respiratory track. And the second stage is known as toxemic stage. During the first stage fever, cough is observed and during the toxemic stage there will be prolonged cough. We need to identify in the first stage itself as the medication will be working but the medication will not be working in the second stage. Why does this Gram-negative bacteria cause the characteristic cough that it does? Dry cough and sore throat are the common symptoms which are seen with Gram- negative bacteria. Cough lasts for almost 7-10 days. The Gram negative bacteria enters in to the respiratory track and involves in production of mucous and this results in the excess mucous production due to which cough effects the patient. Respiratory track is blocked by this mucous which leads to the breathing hard and whopping sound is also observed while coughing. Why is infant mortality high? All age groups might be affected with the disease; infants are at the high risk. As vaccination is not done infant mortality rate is high. Booster vaccines...
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...host environment conducive for their survival. The toxins harm the cells of the host organism, thus leading to different illnesses. The illnesses caused are normally very infectious, and they may lead to epidemics. This paper will compare and contrast the pathogens causing whooping cough and zygomycosis. Causal pathogens Whooping cough and Zygomycosis are some of the infectious diseases caused by different pathogens. In whooping cough, the pathogen infects the respiratory system, causing severe coughing in the victims. It is caused by the bacteria Bordetella pertussis. Zygomycosis is a broad range of fungal infectious diseases that affect the face; particularly the nasal cavity, and the eyes as well as the skin. It is caused by fungi in the Mucorales and Entomophthorales (Vazquez Para 1). The pathogens causing whooping cough and Zygomycosis have several similarities and differences. Classification Bordetella Pertussis belongs to the Kingdom Bacteria, and it is in the phylum Proteobacteria. The bacteria are in the class Beta Proteobacteria and order Burkholderiales. It belongs to the Alcaligenaceae family under the...
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