...software, or that you should charge as little as possible — just enough to cover the cost. This is a misunderstanding. Actually, we encourage people who redistribute free software to charge as much as they wish or can. If this seems surprising to you, please read on. The word “free” has two legitimate general meanings; it can refer either to freedom or to price. When we speak of “free software”, we're talking about freedom, not price. (Think of “free speech”, not “free beer”.) Specifically, it means that a user is free to run the program, change the program, and redistribute the program with or without changes. Free programs are sometimes distributed gratis, and sometimes for a substantial price. Often the same program is available in both ways from different places. The program is free regardless of the price, because users have freedom in using it. Nonfree programs are usually sold for a high price, but sometimes a store will give you a copy at no charge. That doesn't make it free software, though. Price or no price, the program is nonfree because users don't have freedom. Since free software is not a matter of price, a low price doesn't make the software free, or even closer to free. So if you are redistributing copies of free software, you might as well charge a substantial fee and make some money. Redistributing free software is a good and legitimate activity; if you do it, you might as well make a profit from it. Free software is a community project, and everyone who...
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...Q1. a) The T-value is 3.5 and the P-value is 0.001. The chance of an association between Expend and Number of this magnitude occurring just by chance is around 1 in 1000. So we very strongly suspect that there really is an underlying association. b) The average or expected monthly expenditure on extras this year is $12.26 for customers who did not take any options last year. For every option the customer took last year you can add another $2.79 to this. c) The prediction equation is not very accurate. The model error measures the typical difference between the fitted values and the observed values. This is a rough estimator of the prediction error. The sample size was n=83 so there is a typical prediction error of [pic] which is the large in comparison with the typical size of expenditures in this data set (roughly $10-$30 judging by the given mean and standard deviation). The percentage of variation in expenditure explained by optional purchases last year is only 12%. d) We predict $12.26+5x$2.79=$26.21 e) This is a simple regression (single input variable) and chapter 15 gave an explicit formula for the slope estimate. The equation for slope is [pic] and we know this equals 2.787. We also know that the standard deviation of expenditure is 14.064 and of number is 1.828. Solving for the correlation gives the answer 0.362. For simple regression, you can calculate the slope from the correlation or visa-versa. For multiple regression, it is the partial correlations...
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...person must be able to forecast the outcome of each option as well, and based on all these items, determine which option is the best for that particular situation.” (Business Dictionary) A-Cat`s most popular product is VR500. This is a voltage regulator of 500 volt-amperes specifically used in households as a protective device for refrigerators and television sets. Function of VR500 is to protect these devices from a vagaries of load fluctuations and/or frequent power failures. VR500 is product which is selling in low end market segment, and main characteristic of this segment of market is that it is highly price sensitive. Thus, A-Cat Corp. is pushed to find out ways to decrease their cost. Thus, A-Cat Corp decided to choose best supplier for important component of VR500 (transformer). Until this point, A-Cat Corp., had four major suppliers Ideal, Dolphin, Boss, and Freedom. A-Cat Corp, decided to use pair-wise...
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...Organic Farm Business Plan Freedom Farm Submitted for Commerce 492.3, University of Saskatchewan 2001 Rosalind Ball Heather Hack Murray Nelson Myles Thorpe Executive summary Introduction Organic farming in Canada, and Saskatchewan in particular, has steadily increased especially in recent years. Reasons for the increase in organic food production are: market premiums of 2 to 2.5 times the conventional market price; an expansion in the consumer sector willing to pay the higher prices demanded by organic food; an expansion of markets in the developed world where Saskatchewan farm exports traditionally are targeted; and lower input prices due to organic production. This document is a proposed business plan, with a financial model, for setting up and operating an organic grain farm in Saskatchewan. The business is new, and is named Freedom Farm. Financial performance is projected for a ten-year period from 2002 to 2012. To sell organic produce at premium, Freedom Farm will obtain organic creditation from the Organic Crop Improvement Association (OCIA). The mission statement of Freedom farm is: To provide quality organic produce to suit customer demand while maintaining soil fertility and crop productivity. Operations Plan The proposal is for the establishment of a new organic grain production business in Kipling, South East Saskatchewan. The proposed business is a sole proprietorship...
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...LA Literary Analysis Essay “He was bewitched by a sense of freedom and beat his wings frantically so that they could carry him higher and higher to heaven itself. The blazing sun beat down on the wings and softened the wax”(33). Maybe flight just isn’t right for humans; isn’t it why the Wright brothers invented airplanes. This well-liked myth is about a builder whose name is Daedalus and his beloved son Icarus. When Theseus escape from King Minos, the ruler becomes greatly vexed at Daedalus and locks him in a tall tower in the middle of the ocean. But, Daedalus does indeed escape from the tower but he then becomes incarcerate on an island near Crete. The builder then constructs an incredible idea of creating wings and flying through the...
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...Hong Kong Liberal Party Party Manifesto 1. Our vision and mission Freedom is of paramount importance to our citizens, our communities and to Hong Kong. We, the Liberal Party, strongly believe that freedom is the core value that we should safeguard and preserve to make Hong Kong a more prosperous and thriving international metropolitan. Without freedom, Hong Kong would not be the freest economy in the global arena for many years. Without freedom, Hong Kong citizens and other mass media would not have a channel to convey their ideas and opinions openly. Without freedom, there would not be Liberal Party. Pursuit of freedom has never been an easy task, therefore since our establishment, we have been endeavored to pursue freedom wholeheartedly. We believe that only by preserving this value ceaselessly can Hong Kong maintain her prosperity and stability. Pursuit of freedom is by no means our exclusive mission. In order to make Hong Kong a better place to live in, we also place great emphasis in upholding some irreplaceable values such as equality in opportunity, cultural diversity, justice, love and care. The Liberal Party is committed to attain all these goals by an unshakable spirit, which is to serve the Hong Kong citizens at all cost. The Liberal Party will inherit the proud history and continue to serve Hong Kong with our sincere attitude. We will actively listen to different opinions and voices, and grasp every opportunity to improve ourselves to a higher level...
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...Forecasting Gold Price, using linear regression model and ARIMA DIANE MAHAMEDOU Department of Economics, Business and Finance, Brooklyn College, 2900 Bedford Avenue Brooklyn, N.Y. 11210, USA Instructor:Prof. Yusheng Peng Abstract: Forecasting is a function in management to assist decision making. Forecasting arises when you need to estimate future unknown situations, such price of commodities, GDP, unemployment rate etc, for the coming period. We can’t accurately predict without referring time series estimation. Gold is a precious yellow commodity once used as money. Illegal couple years ago, now once again is accepted as a potential currency, because of the falling of dollar against the Euro and also the rising of uncertainty in our geopolitical environment. Objective of this study is to develop a forecasting model for predicting gold prices based on two currency price movements and the oil price movements. Following the melt-down of US dollars, investors are putting their money into gold because gold plays an important role as a stabilizing influence for investment portfolios. With the increasing demand of the Gold around the world, we have fund necessary to develop a linear regression model that reflects the structure and pattern of gold market and forecast movement of gold price. The most appropriate approach to the understanding of gold prices is the multiple linear regression (MLR) models. MLR is a study on the relationship between a single dependent variable and one...
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...Topic: Perspectives of GPE The theory of Adam Smith´s “invisible hand” states that the market is conformed by consumers and producers, who create the demand (competitors) and supply. The basic element of the market (consumers – producers – demand – supply) is freedom, each consumer and producer chooses freely what to buy and what to produce, as a result a healthy and natural competition. Freedom makes demand and supply more efficient because production methods are focused to maximize profits, by using the resources efficiently. The essential part of this system is that competition is automatic and balanced, not controlled by external factors. Adam Smith and various liberal thinkers support that the economic system and competition of any country or area should work like this; without manipulating any of the factors that affect demand and supply, in order to create the best profit in the market and utilize resources efficiently. Mercantilism supports the prosperity o a nation, the nation authorities or government is responsible of the capital supply. Capital is supported by bullion (example gold) which creates a positive and “healthy” balance trade among nations. Mercantilism supports government as the “father” of the market, where they must protect certain actors as producers or consumers in order to achieve a balance in the economy. Therefore the point of view of the mercantilists brings as a result unfair competition, compared to the liberals...
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...555.1 | 2,621.0 | 4 | Net exports of goods and services | -524.4 | -515.8 | -523.1 | -509.0 | 5 | Government consumption expenditures and gross investment | 3,193.5 | 3,150.7 | 3,124.1 | 3,121.9 | Table 2. Real Gross Domestic Product (in Billions of chained dollars) Real Gross Domestic Product (real GDP) is a macroeconomic measure of the value of economic output adjusted for price changes. | | 2012 | 2013 | | | III quarter | IV quarter | I quarter | II quarter | 1 | Gross domestic product | 15,534.0 | 15,539.6 | 15,583.9 | 15,679.7 | 2 | Personal consumption expenditures | 10,541.0 | 10,584.8 | 10,644.0 | 10,691.9 | 3 | Gross private domestic investment | 2,456.5 | 2,441.8 | 2,470.1 | 2,524.9 | 4 | Net exports of goods and services | -436.5 | -412.1 | -422.3 | -424.4 | 5 | Government consumption expenditures and gross investment | 2,988.8 | 2,938.8 | 2,907.4 | 2,904.5 | During the inflation the nominal GDP is higher than real GDP, because real values are adjusted for inflation, while nominal values are not. The real GDP is adjusted by dividing the nominal GDP by a price deflator, which we can find by dividing the nominal GDP by the real. According to results I received, the nominal GDP was greater than nominal GDP in each four quarters, because there was an inflation factor that...
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...in today’s world is the social and economic inequalities leading up to the American Revolution. The cause of the Revolution was due to many of the grievances that colonists had for the British. Knowing this fact, we can better understand how this is useful and relevant in understanding the economic inequalities in Egypt which led to the Revolution in 2011. The American Revolution was fought because of numerous unresolved conflicts that the colonists had with the British. Even after the war, there were problems still lingering. Some of these issues included freedom of expression, voting rights and political participation, and the Inflation of goods. Many of these disagreements resulted in rioting and protests, as well as boycotting of goods and such. Let’s start with freedom of expression. Speech was limited in Britain, but if referring to the boundary outside of Parliament, then there was no legal protection for freedom of speech. Moreover, an individual could be beheaded for criticizing the king and the government. Even before the Revolution, voting rights and the political participation was very limited when electing government officials. There were property qualifications in order to vote in America. For example, “nearly every adult male could meet the voting qualification of fifty acres of land”. This meant that only the rich or middle class had any say in politics during this time. After the Revolution, the states became more lenient in the voting rights by allowing all...
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...Therefore, freedom is not absolute. In the West where personal freedom is held in the highest esteem, there are still definable limits. Freedom of speech, in the words of an American jurist, does not include the freedom to yell “Fire!” in a crowded theatre, unless of course there is a fire. America has enshrined in its constitution the Bill of Rights with the specific purpose of protecting the civil liberties of its citizens. Among its provisions are the freedoms of speech, religion, and peaceful assembly, together with the rights of due process. These statutes notwithstanding, they did not protect Japanese Americans from being forcefully relocated and incarcerated during World War II, and more recently, the detention of thousands of Arab-Americans following the 9/11 attacks. Today the injustices perpetrated on those Japanese-Americans are widely acknowledged, but significantly, the Supreme Court decision affirming the legality of that mass detention has yet to be overturned. There will always be limits to freedom; the pertinent question is where those lines are drawn and the role they play in the ordinary lives of the citizens. Limits on human freedom can be viewed likewise. In America there are definite limits but they are more like the moat; the citizens are hardly aware of them. They are not intrusive. Executive powers to establish military tribunals for example, are definite boundaries and gross infringements on the citizens’ freedom. Similarly Canada has its War Powers...
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...individuals and business firms carry out production and exchange of goods and services through complex transactions involved in prices and markets. By extension called capitalist higher social class of this economic system ("bourgeoisie"), or to the common form would the individual interests of capital owners in both companies, shareholders and patterns, also called capitalism entire social and political order (law, idiosyncrasies, etc..) that orbits the system while structurally determines the possibilities of its content. Capitalism is based ideologically in an economy in which the market prevails, it is usually given, although there are important exceptions in addition to the controversy over what should be called free market or free enterprise. In it are carried out economic transactions between individuals, companies and organizations that provide products and that demand. The market, through the laws of supply and demand regulates prices under which goods are exchanged (goods and services), allowing the allocation of resources and the distribution of wealth among individuals. Freedom of enterprise proposes that all companies are free to obtain economic resources and transform them into a new commodity or service to be offered in the market that they have. In turn, they are free to choose the business that wish to develop and when to enter or exit from it. Freedom of choice applies to businesses, workers and consumers, as the company can manage its resources as it sees fit, workers...
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...special financing. Microeconomics On an economic scale was not in the family budget. One of the things that had to be considered was pricing of a new vehicle. This included the cost of the vehicle the financing of the vehicle and the duration to own the vehicle. One thing that played a big factor in purchasing the vehicle was the bad credit that I had. I know the interest rate was going to be very high due to this factor. “According to Economic Freedom Americans, continue to lose economic freedom. Following declines in seven of the past eight years, the United States this year has equaled its worst score ever in the Index of Economic Freedom. Ratings for labor freedom, business freedom, and fiscal freedom have flagged notably and the regulatory burden is increasingly costly”. Buying a car used to be so easy at one time. All dealerships will have the same vehicles at the same price. In today's market with the economy the way it is you may go to one dealership and another dealership may have the same vehicle but at a different price. This makes the buyer very skeptical about purchasing a new vehicle due to the economics; many buyers have bad credit because they are...
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...Being a member of the military, I have quickly learned why freedom is so valuable. When I was 17, I raised my right hand and swore the Oath of Enlistment, “I, Roger Simon, do solemnly swear that I will support and defend the Constitution of the United States against all enemies…that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the same…”. At the time these words were just sentences repeated after the officer in charge and I didn’t really understood what the true meaning and consequences would be until I shipped off to training. My journey to appreciate freedom began, when it got stripped from me, when I experienced and observed a community without it, and when I realized how much we, as members of the western society, take it for granted. Immediately...
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...is the aim of the good life, and that the happy person is living the good life, but that is not the only requirement for the good life. One other thing that is needed for the good life is a purpose. The center of Aristotle’s teaching is his belief that people, as everything else in nature has a distinctive end to achieve and a purpose/faction to fulfill. With these two requirements we are working toward earning the good life 3. Freedom itself does not impose any limits and boundaries the limits and boundaries are set by the society we live in and also by each individual. The three limits to freedom are: social, moral and limits to nature. Social limits are limits that are imposed by society and authority., (ex. Dress code, curfew). Moral limits are based on are actions. Acts are moral or ethical because they come from our freedom, but freedom is not duty free. Limits to nature are the areas of life that our freedom cannot budge. Our freedom needs to work with the limits set by our bodies, and our physical environment. Freedom has a price and the price is responsibility. 4. Utilitarianism is the opposite of Kantian ethics as it is duty free, and it is defined as that which provides for the greatest pleasure or well being for the greatest number. Utilitarianism has to distinctive parts, and they are: appetite and desire. Utilitarianism is irrational, it deals with finding a pleasure that is short term and not good will that is long term, so 5. Prudence is what makes us moral...
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