...The thought of being washed is rather scary and even being brainwashed is equally as frightening. Believe it or not, we have all been brainwashed at one point in our life, wether it was intentional or not. dictionary.com defines such word:This method has been around for thousand of years but the first to coin it was Edward Hunter in the early 1950’s when describing the efforts of the Chinese communist, when they were taking control of the thoughts and minds of the Chinese people after their takeover in 1949. Brainwashing is usually used in prisons to change the mindset of a prisoner, make them think in a right manner and change their behaviour. In order to brainwash someone they need to be completely under your control. Their mind can’t...
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...Argumentative Writing Rubric 9-10 | Advanced | Proficient | Basic | Not Yet | Claim: The text introduces a clear, arguable claim that can be supported by reasons and evidence. | The text introduces a compelling claim that is clearly arguable and takes a purposeful position on an issue. The text has a structure and organization that is carefully crafted to support the claim. | The text introduces a precise claim that is clearly arguable and takes an identifiable position on an issue. The text has an effective structure and organization that is aligned with the claim. | The text introduces a claim that is arguable and takes a position. The text has a structure and organization that is aligned with the claim. | The text contains an unclear or emerging claim that suggests a vague position. The text attempts a structure and organization to support the position. | Development: The text provides sufficient data and evidence to back up the claim as well as a conclusion that supports the argument. | The text provides convincing and relevant data and evidence to back up the claim and effectively addresses counterclaims. The conclusion strengthens the claim and evidence. | The text provides sufficient and relevant data and evidence to back up the claim and addresses counterclaims fairly. The conclusion effectively reinforces the claim and evidence. | The text provides sufficient data and evidence to back up the claim and addresses counterclaims. The conclusion ties to the claim and...
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...MADE IN PRISON: SOCIAL JUSTICE OR INJUSTICE by CLASS TITLE CLASS NO. # PROFESSOR NAME SCHOOL NAME DATE TABLE OF CONTENTS SUMMARY 3 PROBLEM 3 BACKGROUND 4 DISCUSSION 5 CONCLUSIONS 7 WORKS CITED AND REFERNECES 8 SUMMARY MADE IN PRISON! How would you like to see this stamped on the bottom of one of your kids toys? This is reality. For thousands of years prisoners throughout the world have been subjected to prison labor. Whether it is the building of the Egyptian Pyramids or the chain gangs of the Deep South, the convenience of prison labor has not been overlooked. In our current social dilemma, we see a labor force that is being bolstered behind the heavy-steel gates, mountainous walls, and razor-sharp bobbed wire fences. More and more, private industry along with public-and-private correctional facilities are joining forces to create jobs for inmates, while at the same time increasing profits for private organizations. Some may argue that prison labor is a legitimate form of retribution to society, but there are the others that believe that a forced or coerced prison labor force is a sign of modern day slavery. PROBLEM What exists here is a dilemma between justice and the perception of justice. Prisons and jails continue to overcrowd and the population of inmates is now somewhere in the two million range (Atkinson p. 1). Society is seeking retribution for the crimes...
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...Prison Overcrowding In today’s society, crime happens nearly every 5 seconds. Depending on the type of crime determines where an individual is placed either in jail or prison. This leads to an ongoing problem today, prison overcrowding. Prison overcrowding is when the demand for space in prisons in a jurisdiction exceeds the capacity for prisoners in the place. Prison Overcrowding has many dangers that can lead to major destruction to society and those captivated behind bars The dangers of overcrowded prison, is that it can become very toxic for both prisoners and guards. Overcrowded conditions contribute to stronger inmate misconduct, more competition for prison services such as educational or vocational training programs and a lack...
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...one culture will view tattoos from another culture differently than tattoos worn within their own culture. When comparing tattoos between Russian prison inmates and everyday North American tattoos, several similarities and differences can be seen. North American and Russian prison tattoos are similar in many ways in regards to what motivates them to obtain them. One major similarity is that tattooing is a means of signifying identity. Inmates living in the Russian prison system as well as North Americans receive tattoos in order to be identified as a member of a certain group. Russian prison inmates can have coded tattoo designs such as cathedrals, stars, eyes, and skulls that serve as symbols, each with their own meaning, which nonmembers do not understand. These coded tattoos are used to form commitments and are a way to bond with people within the group. This reason also serves as a motivation for people in North America. Another similarity when comparing these two cultures is that tattoos serve as memorials or represent a specific, important event in their life. For example, in North America, a person may obtain a tattoo of a lost loved one to honor their memory. If a tattoo of a rose is seen on a prison inmate this indicates that the inmate turned eighteen (a significant birth date too many) while incarcerated (“Russian prison tattoos”). Other parallels that these two cultures share concerning tattoos are physical endurance, rebellion, and self-expression. It can be thought...
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...Purpose and History Paper of Penitentiaries Ericka N. Williams CJA/234 May 14, 2013 Matt Holquin The development of prisons date as far back to the early Roman times, which forms of punishment were being used for offenders suspected or convicted of criminal activity. Prisons have developed and modified the effectiveness and appropriateness of punishment over time to function the way they do in today’s society. The correction process is among three of the major components of the criminal justice system, but could not be successfully complete without the police and the courts. There are two types of systems that prisons use to design and enforce punishment among offenders – Pennsylvania and Auburn. The systems tweaked and modified the original ideas, in order to form a prison system that would be effective and serve the purpose intended for criminals and impact and distinguish the amount of involvement of prison labor over time. History of punishment The history of the word punishment derives from the Latin word peonalis. Before the word punishment was used penology was the term used, which meant “punishment.” The term penology was later replaced by the term corrections. Our criminal justice system has a broad perspective of corrections for the criminal offenders convicted of criminal acts against another person or community. The use of punishment in earlier days resulted in public shaming, which was thought to prevent the accused from committing future crimes. These...
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...Elderly and in Prison Rhetorical Analysis Countless of elderly people pose little to no risk of committing a crime at this age. Therefore, elderly people currently serving a prison sentence should have it shorten. One editor, a writer of an organizer with Release Aging People in Prison/RAPP, Laura Whitehorn, wrote "Elderly and in Prison," published in January 5th, 2017 in the New York Times, and she disputes that elderly in prison have a diminutive to no risk of committing a new offense. Whitehorn begins to state and build her evidence with facts and statistics over the New York State prison, and successfully employs emotional appeal; in addition, toward the conclusion of her editorial speech, she demonstrates how it is possible and how reasonable it is and even so the government chooses not to do so. In her editorial speech, Whitehorn first sets her argument by describing how elderly are not a considerable threat and she thoroughly explains and backs up the prior Brennan Center for Justice Speech, the original speech, as to how there would be a positive outcome even though there must be an intervenience as she states, "... fewer and shorter prison sentences will surely improve public safety rather than damage it." However, she also examines the proposal as a whole as she says, "But...
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...Lee Bergen In The Prison Break genius and revolutionary Grayson Silverman discusses the positive economic, political and social impacts of the continued legalization of private Prisons. Grayson Silverman helps to inform those currently unaware on the issue while also providing deep factual information. He supports his research with hard boiled facts and study's. Ensuring that this report is both factual and interesting. The Prison Break It is quite easy to look at private prisons and see them as evil corporation which uses the captivity of people to generate a profit. There are many benefits that are commonly over looked by the media because they wouldn't generate nearly as many ratings if they...
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...Prison Life and Recidivism Karen Cavanagh CRJ303: Corrections Instructor: Gary Gonzales September 19, 2011 Prison Life and Recidivism Prison recidivism is a problem in the United States, resulting in prison overcrowding. As the government struggles to address the conditions in prisons, researchers have begun to look at alternatives to incarceration. These alternatives can result in lowering crime, recidivism and the prison population. The numbers of people in the United States spending time in prison and the amount of time people are spending is an enormous problem and cost for every state (Langan & Levin, 2002). Prisons correctional role is mainly formed from the special strict environment where sentenced people are placed for a certain period of time. The difference in life conditions, that are stricter, more formal as well as restricted, forces on the sentenced person and has a correctional and educational function on his consciousness of a person. Prisoners have less freedoms and rights than those who are out of prison. They are forced to obey the rules of the correctional facility that includes a strict scheduled daily life, limit time for outside activities out of the cells, limited access to visitors and limited time of the visits. Prisoners in the United States have a shorter period of time for visitors to visit prisoners compared to other countries. The life of prisoners in the correctional institutions is based on the authoritarian regime of the prison’s...
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...As more criminal offenders have been put in American prisons, the quality of treatment for prisoners has declined. Tonry (2016) explains that the overcrowding of prisons has created unpleasant living conditions behind bars, including sharing small cells, having very little privacy, and the use of supermax prisons and solitary confinement. Prisoner overcrowding has also resulted in a lower staff to inmate ratio, causing rehabilitation efforts to waver. Supermax prisons embody the “tough” approach towards criminals - using long periods of isolation and very small amounts of social contact. One of the first supermax prisons to open was Alcatraz in 1934. Though it closed in 1963 due to the expensive upkeep, supermax prisons began to open around...
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...In 2011, the United States had about 6,977,700 inmates in its correctional facilities. Correctional facilities can also be referred to as jails, state prisons, and federal prisons. There are also many different security levels within jails, state prisons, and federal prisons. Let’s start by discussing what jails are, as well as a brief history. * The term “jail” is used by counties and cities to house criminals for short periods of time. Jails normally house individuals who have been convicted to serve a short sentence, awaiting trial, people who have not yet posted bond and detainees who have been arrested on suspicion of committing a crime. * The first jail, also known as “gaol” was built in England by King Henry II in 1166. The gaol’s original purpose was to detain individuals awaiting trial, however, vagrancy had become a problem in the fourteenth and eighteenth century, and jails were used to house displaced persons, mentally ill, and the poor (Seiter, p. 72, 2011). Individuals housed in these early jails lived in deplorable conditions. They were filthy, had horrible food, and little medical care. John Howard, who became the sheriff of Bedfordshire in 1773, saw these horrible conditions and drafted the Penitentiary Act of 1779. The Penitentiary Act created four requirements for English prisons and jails: 1. Secure and sanitary structures, 2. Systematic inspections, 3. Abolition of fees charged to inmates and 4. A reformatory regime in which inmates...
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...Resettlement has been an important element in prison life throughout England and Wales for many years. It is when “prisoners and their families receive assistance and support from the prison and probation services and voluntary agencies to help them prepare for life after prison” (Justice, 2002). The objective is to hopefully lead prisoners towards recidivism, which will hopefully return ex-offenders to normal life, employment and housing. Criminological and social research done by Social Exclusion Unit (SEU) identified the following factors to be what influenced reoffending. These are; education, employment, drug and alcohol misuse, mental and physical health, housing, financial support, debt and family networks. The aim of this essay is to...
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...will evaluate the past, present and future trends pertaining to the development and operation of institutional and community based correction. As part of the evaluation I will identify and analyze current and future issues facing prisons and prison administrators today. I will also identify and analyze the role/issue of alternate correction systems as a developing trend. Trends within the criminal justice system continue to influence the development and operations of institutions and community-based corrections. As mandatory sentencing laws can cause an increase in prison population, prison administrators face a daunting task in addressing the issues that overpopulation causes. “Apart from the highest priority of addressing prison population growth, prison managers are often confronted with an array of issues relating to imprisonment practices and their consequences” (Greenfeld, Beck, & Gillard, 1996, p.9). Development and Operations of Institutions The development and operations of institutions appears to operate around two opposing philosophies if punishment versus rehabilitation. The evolution of the development of corrections past, present and future has seen many changes throughout the inception of prisons. In the past the trends for prisons were solitary confinement with little concern for the rehabilitation of inmates. The well-being of the inmate was not a major concern. After all they got what they deserved, right? Society wanted criminals to be punished for his...
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...In today's society, the prisons of America appear to cause more problems than assistance. The country penal system is expensive, overcrowded, and some argue that it is ineffective as well as inefficient. The cost to build, staff, and support these facilities increases dramatically each year. Prisons, which were created to be humane correctional facilities, are currently filled with violence, hostility, and a communal fear. These institutions are meant to control crime by deterrence, incapacitating criminals. This may protect society from potentially dangerous individuals, but these institutions' level of accomplishment is askew. The financial burden attached to the building, maintaining, and staffing of prisons constantly plagues the penal system. During the late 1960s, New York built prisons at a price of $2 million each. Since then, prices have risen dramatically. In 1990, each prisoner required $15,496 to support (“Bureau of Justice Statistics”). A prison containing 2,000 inmates amounts to over $31 million to operate on an annual basis. The United States spends an estimated $60 billion each year on corrections (Prisons in the United States). The operation price is synonymous with the level of security, ranging from the supermax, containing serial killers, to the minimum security, containing drug offenders. Violence is not confined to outside prison walls. In 2005 alone, federal and state prisons reported 885 incidents of sexual violence. Of the aforementioned...
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...APRIL 2003 THE INTERRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE PRISONS: DOES THE EXISTENCE OF PRISONERS UNDER PRIVATE MANAGEMENT AFFECT THE RATE OF GROWTH IN EXPENDITURES ON PRISONERS UNDER PUBLIC MANAGEMENT?* James F. Blumstein** Mark A. Cohen*** * Work on this project was funded by the Corrections Corporation of America (CCA) and by the Association for Private Correctional and Treatment Organizations (APCTO). ** Centennial Professor of Law, Vanderbilt Law School; Director, Health Policy Center, Vanderbilt Institute for Public Policy Studies. B.A. (Economics), Yale College; M.A. (Economics), Yale University; LLB, Yale Law School. Institutional affiliations for identification only. *** Professor of Management (Economics), Owen Graduate School of Management, Vanderbilt University; Director, Vanderbilt Center for Environmental Management Studies; Leverhulme Visiting Professor and Visiting Professor of Criminal Justice Economics, University of York (U.K.). B.S.F.S., Georgetown University; M.A. & Ph.D., Carnegie-Mellon University. Institutional affiliations for identification only. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This study investigates the relationship between (i) the fact that a particular state houses some of its prison population in prisons that are privately owned or operated and (ii) the growth in costs per prisoner in publicly operated prisons. The core objective has been to determine whether the existence of prisoners under a state’s jurisdiction that are held in private facilities...
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