...-submitted by: EkataBakshi To: Prof. Harish Naraindas Course: Economy and society in India. “What we became: Ruined Tools Infertile Holes Bloody Meat Exiled Silenced Alone… What we got called Ianfu-Comfort Women: Shugyofu- Women of Indecent Occupation (- SAY IT, The Vagina Monolouges- Eve Ensler,2008) Prostitution, pornography or sex work has been in history one of the most demeaned kinds of work. But today there is a drastic change in the way prostitution is viewed. There are demands from every corner about decriminalization of prostitution. In its draft statement ICPR (International Committee For Prostitute’s Rights) states, “Until recently, the women’s movement in most countries has not, or has only marginally, included prostitutes as spokeswoman or theorists. Historically, women’s movement (for example socialist and communist movements) has opposed the institution of prostitution, while claiming to support prostitute women. However, prostitutes reject support that requires them to leave prostitution, they object to being treated as symbols of oppression and demand recognition as workers. Due to feminist hesitation or refusal to accept prostitution as legitimate work and to accept prostitutes as working women, the majority of prostitutes have not been recognised as feminists. Nonetheless many prostitutes identify with feminist values such as independence, financial autonomy, sexual self-determination...
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...widespread in preindustrial societies. The exchange of wives by their husbands was a practice among many primitive peoples. In the ancient Middle East and India temples maintained large numbers of prostitutes. Sexual intercourse with them was believed to facilitate communion with the gods. In ancient Greece prostitution flourished on all levels of society. Prostitutes of the lowest level worked in licensed brothels and were required to wear distinctive clothing as a badge of their vocation. Prostitutes of a higher level usually were skilled dancers and singers. Those of the highest level, the hetaerae, kept salons where politicians met, and they often attained power and influence. In ancient Rome prostitution was common despite severe legal restrictions. Female slaves, captured abroad by the Roman legions, were impressed into urban brothels or exploited by owners in the households they served. The Roman authorities attempted to limit the spread of slave prostitution and often resorted to harsh measures. Brothel inmates, called meretrices, were forced to register with the government for life, to wear garish blond wigs and other distinctive raiment, to forfeit all civil rights, and to pay a heavy tax. In the Middle Ages the Christian church, which valued chastity, attempted to convert or rehabilitate individual prostitutes but refrained from campaigning against the institution itself. In so doing the church followed the teaching of St. Augustine, who held that the elimination...
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...A. Identification of Issues and Problems Overview The case is about people suffering from AIDS globally, especially in Brazil and India. In Brazil, almost half a million are affected with AIDS and millions more at high risk on acquiring it. This is due to the machistic society, where married man having marital affairs and woman not asking their husbands to use condoms because of fear of getting beaten and losing support. Also, the price of Condoms is expensive in Brazil compared to other countries. In India, 5 million are already infected with HIV 6 years after the first detection, which makes this country spreading the virus faster than in any country. But AIDS is not the primary concern due to other health problems. And some Indian states deny the existence within their areas. Tamil Nadu was the first stat is introduce AIDS education and awareness. The London International Group (LIG) is well known in its latex and thin-film barrier technology, which is used in Durex condoms. Durex is the only global condom brand and protecting its position by “feeling is everything”. LIG entered Japan with a joint venture with Okamoto Industries and promoting the Durex Avanti condoms, which is stronger than latex and can be made thinner and can make the experience more natural. Identification of the Problems 1. Brazil • Brazilians don’t like condoms, and females are afraid of getting beaten or loose support if they told their husbands to use it. • Due to Brazil being a...
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...the ways of the old. Now, the world is at that point in history where everyone should have learned from ancestors’ accomplishments and failures alike. Prostitution, commonly referred to as “the world’s oldest profession”, must have been solved as a social issue long ago, but similar to other issues it hasn’t been fully eliminated because it is a social problem. Social problems are deeply rooted in the nature of humans and society. As long as there are people willing to understand and work with these women towards social equity, there is a solution. There are efforts to remove prostitution and most of all the exploitation, harassment and abuse of those involved such as legal measures and private organizations aiding abused and procured prostitutes. The most important of these efforts are the ones done for the safety, social welfare and rehabilitation of the women unwillingly involved. II. Body Trafficking is a crime against humanity. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crimes (UNODC) defines trafficking in persons as the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of...
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...mistresses) or slaves. Courtesans and concubines often had a high position in the traditional society. But in modern society this profession is being neglected and various social problems are occurred from it. One of the most serious problems is associated with the prostitution is the fact that the sex trade is surrounded by illegal, abusive and dangerous activities. One view maintains that such situations occur because prostitution is kept illegal and the industry operates on the back market. Besides these prostitutes are also sufferings in society. They have no status. Even their client also hates them. Prostitution: The word “prostitute” or more frequently “whore” is used as an insult towards a person (typically a women or girl) who is perceived as being sexually promiscuous (http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/prostitute). Prostitution is the act or practice of providing sexual service to another person in return for payment. People who execute such activities are called Prostitutes. According to Anthony Giddens, Prostitution can be defined as the granting of sexual favors for monetary gain. A key aspect of modern prostitution is that women and their clients are generally unknown to one another. Although men may become regular customers, the relationship is not established on the basis of personal acquaintance. Prostitution is one of the branches of sex industry. The legal status of prostitution varies from country to...
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...children in Bombay, India. The film makes a brave jump from the typical, happy-go-lucky, capitalist representation of life on the streets, to a more convincing one. Following the daily struggles of children living on the streets of Bombay, this film sheds light on the socio-economic realities of their lives. In this paper, I will analyze “Salaam Bombay!” in terms of its ability to provide a near accurate depiction of urban poverty in India, and the lives of its street children. “Salaam Bombay!” follows the story of a young boy, around the age of twelve, named Krishna. Shortly into the movie we find Krishna living on the streets of the largest city in India, Bombay, surrounded by drug addicts, prostitutes, pimps, and other homeless children like him. Through a conversation Krishna has with a drug addict he befriends, we discover that Krishna was abandoned by his mother at an Apollo Circus where she tells him that he can only come back home once he raises five hundred rupees to pay his brother back for destroying his bicycle. Krishna, named Chaipau by those around him, starts working as a tea deliverer for a local teashop so he can earn enough money to go back home. As the film traces Krishna’s struggles to earn enough money and survive on the streets of Bombay, his story clashes with three other prominent ones: one is based around Chillum, the drug addict Krishna befriends on the street; second revolves around Manju, the five year old daughter of a prostitute named Rekha and a...
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...“prostituting oneself” or “whoring oneself” the services or acts performed are typically not sexual. A person who works in this field is called a prostitute, and is a kind of sex worker. Prostitution is one of the branches of the sex industry. A person who works in this field is called a prostitute, and is a kind of sex worker. Prostitution is one of the branches of the sex industry. The legal status of prostitution varies from country to country, from being permissible but unregulated, to an enforced or unenforced crime or to a regulated profession. Prostitution is sometimes also referred to as “the world’s oldest profession”. Estimates place the annual revenue generated by prostitution worldwide to be over $100 billion. Both women and boys engaged in prostitution. Female prostitutes could be independent and sometimes influential women. They were required to wear distinctive dresses and had to pay taxes. 2. Origin: In ancient days, prostitutes were often foreign slaves, captured, purchased, or raised for that purpose, sometimes by large-scale “prostitute farmers” who took abandoned children. Indeed, abandoned children were almost always raised as prostitutes. In the early 17th century, there was widespread male and female prostitution throughout the cities of Kyoto, Edo, and Osaka, Japan. To entertain their clients, prostitutes practiced the arts of dance, music, poetry, and calligraphy as well as sexual services, and an educated wit was considered essential for sophisticated...
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...[pic] Intro___________________________________________ Born into Brothels; a documentary directed, produced and written by Zana Briski and Ross Kauffman which revealed one of the darkest sights of rising INDIA. It is based on eight children of prostitutes in Calcutta’s red light area. This American documentary film was released in 2004 won the academy award in the Best Documentary Feature category. The film was also honored into various prestigious film festivals such as- Bermuda International Film Festival (2004), Cleveland International Film Festival (2004), National Board of Review Award for Best Documentary (2004). The Happenings_____________________________________ Basically the documentary started when Briski, a documentary photographer, went to Calcutta and made friendship with eight little kids (Kochi, Avijit, Shanti Das, Manik, Puja Mukerjee, Gou,r Suchitra and Tapasi Mamuni). Briski taught those kids basic photography and the children quickly adopted the lesson. In the movie the children talked about their fear, dream and sorrows. As an example- Suchitra tells about her fear that she could be forced to join as a prostitute worker, Avijit tells about his dream and his family. Zana Briski and Ross Kauffman tried to bring out the picture of the life of those children who dare to see dreams. Briski also showed her effort to send the children’s to the school and to help them create their new identity. Technical Insights________________________________ ...
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...originally written by the author named Ananthamurty in 1965. It was then translated into English by a world known poet named A.K.Ramanujan in 1976. It is a novel based on a true society that lives in the north of India called Brahmins. Brahmins are part of the Hindu religion predominately living in the hills of India. This story tells a tail about the spiritual leader of the agrahara having to decide the rites of a fellow villager. Women play a huge role in this book but that is not customary in reality. Hinduism make up about 82% of the India population which is about 800 million people. It is one of the oldest religions in the world and the authors of the sacred text is still unknown. They follow the words of followers that have filtered the texts down the past 4000 years. One of the most famous followers of modern times would be Mahatma Gandhi. There is a documentary that has been written about Gandhi that is highly criticized by some in India saying that he was not as great of a man that most people make him out to be. One of the caste that is an area of study for this book is about the Brahmin caste. The best way to describe the caste system is that it is very much like the class system here in the United States. The Brahmins are the high class caste in India. In the Hinduism, there are different stages that need to be addressed in life. The first stage would be to become a student, the next stage is to start a family with a wife and children and then once your life’s...
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...Through her expressive photographs, Mary Ellen Mark takes us on a journey without barriers into the lives not often seen of others. My main focus in this paper is to analyze Mary Ellen Mark’s social documentation through the connotative and denotative aspects of her photographs, which capture a scene but say a thousand words. A humanization to all her photographs, which is a true gift of Mark’s and is a style that seems to be disappearing today. I have always been in “aw” of Mary Ellen Mark” since I was 12 years old. I wanted to travel around the world and capture life in a different perspective. She was my inspiration on many photographs I have taken in my life. When I was 14, I was living in another country and joined my first photography group. I used Marks inspiration to photograph poverty, war, and to capture portraits of lives not seen by others. At 15, I was given my own exhibit and I was able to show others photographs that said a thousand words. It was a success and after that moment I knew what path I wanted to take in my life. Mary Ellen Mark has a very distinct style, typically narrating the lives of people that are in extremely heartbreaking situations, such as physical abuse, prostitution, poverty, and drug addiction. Marks ability to capture the brutal honesty of her subjects is extremely unique to her style of photography. She blasts through the scarred walls of her subjects and exhibits their raw vulnerability leaving no room for sentiment. Mark...
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...Does prostitution have economic justification? What will you think of someone who goes through physical and mental torture to earn a piece of bread? If for survival you need money and its cost was bad reputation status of second grade citizen, constant violence and persecution not just physically but mentally too, presenting your life to incurable diseases, destroying your present and hereafter what would you do, is it a fair deal? 2012 Submitted by: Bakhtawar jamil 12/31/2012 Does prostitution have economic justification? What will you think of someone who goes through physical and mental torture to earn a piece of bread? If for survival you need money and its cost was bad reputation status of second grade citizen, constant violence and persecution not just physically but mentally too, presenting your life to incurable diseases, destroying your present and hereafter what would you do, is it a fair deal? 2012 Submitted by: Bakhtawar jamil 12/31/2012 Table of Contents ACCOUNT2 WHAT IS PROSTITUTION?2 PROSTITUTUION THEN AND NOW3 REASONS OF PROSTITUTION WITH EYE OF DIFFERENT PEOPLE4 CONCLUSION6 BIBLIOGRAPHY7 Account: Prostitution from ages have been linked with money as its key definition states it to be exchange of sexual act for payment.in the present era the rise in many social issues such as number of patient with HIVAIDS, increased divorce rates, loosing of virginity, increase in number of suicide attempts and usage of drugs and all of these having their strings...
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...communication blunders. For example, in my workplace the phrase “killing the sacred cow” is often used as a business term to indicate a radical change in thinking about a longstanding process. When we were a small company located in the wild west populated mostly with Americans this wasn’t a big deal. We now have a staff augmentation workforce from India. As you can imagine, the phrase “killing the sacred cow” is no longer appropriate. Our cultural insensitivity reached an all time low when the Director of Information Services decided to take his new Indian workforce out to a special celebration dinner. He took them to a traditional southwest steakhouse. Coming from a culture that reveres cows, they found a restaurant dedicated to the slaughter and eating of cows to be an abomination. This was not good for team morale. Cultural insensitivity has produced some major slipups over the years. The alcoholic beverage Irish Mist had abysmal sales in Germany, where the word mist translates to manure. The Japanese sports beverage Pocari Sweat doesn’t sound very appealing to english speakers. The Nokia Lumia translates to prostitute in spanish. CocaCola’s Fresca product had reduced sales in Mexico because it translates to Lesbian in some spanish dialects. Richard Weaver highlights a case of cultural misunderstanding where a bride and groom wore chrysanthemum...
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...Human Trafficking Article 3, paragraph (a) of the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons defines Trafficking in Persons as the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation. Exploitation shall include, at a minimum, the exploitation of the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labor or services, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude or the removal of organs ( www.unodc.org). Human trafficking has become a major problem worldwide which affects many people it is also a serious crime and a violation in human rights. An estimated 600-800 thousand people are moved unwillingly between international borders each year). There is an even larger number of 12.3 million people who are estimated to be forced to work in agriculture, manufacturing, and the sex trade. A majority of the people forced into labor, especially into the sex trade, are children, most of which are women, at an estimated 1 million children per year. There is a large amount of violence and abuse involved in sex slavery, many times leading to death. Globalization seems to have played a major role in the rise of sex...
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...their earliest days as prostitutes, domestic servants and farm workers. In the present day, Asian American women have a representation in the most prestigious professional and managerial jobs. Today, Asians are looked at as a "model minority" whose growing mobility stands as an illustration for other racial-ethnic groups (Amott & Matthaei, 1996). The first Asian immigrants arrived in the United States from China, with the first huge wave coming in the mid-19th century. As with other cultural minorities, the Chinese and later the Japanese, Asian Indians, Filipinos, Koreans, and a host of other groups immigrated to the United States to serve mainly as a source of cheap labor. These migration trends were related to bigger worldwide transformations started by Euro-American colonialism and industrial capitalism. By the start of the Great Depression, these groups formed the prevalent Asian populations in the United States. According to United States census data and other available reports, there were close to 56,000 Filipinos, 140,000 Japanese, 75,000 Chinese several thousand Koreans and Asian Indians and living in America in 1930, most living on the West Coast (Amott & Matthaei, 1996). The Asian populace in the United States numbered over 6.5 million in 1988. That is about three percent of the entire U.S. population. It includes people whose cultural roots are in Japan, Vietnam, Korea, Laos, China, Cambodia, the Philippines, Burma, Thailand, Pakistan, India, Malaysia, Bangladesh...
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...social status (Abcarian, Richard, Marvin Klotz, and Samuel Cohen. Literature: The Human Experience: Reading and Writing. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2007. Print.). There are a few similarities and differences between what is worshiped in Latin Women Pray and Things Cheaply Had. “If they get a jewel for their nose they lick feet for seventy days or so…” (Nasrin,T.C.H.). The women will become so desperate that they will do almost anything for material objects. “They pray to an Anglo God with a Jewish heritage” (Cofer, L.W.P). The Latino community worships more or less non-material objects whereas the Indian prostitutes worship jewels and oils for their hair. “If they get a small bottle of alta for their feet they spend three nights sleepless for sheer joy” (Nasrin, T.C.H). “Before his image they kneel Margarita Josephina Maria and Isabel…” (Cofer, L.W.P). The Prostitutes of India are willing to put their bodies through torture just to get a small ration of food or...
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