...Research, Statistics, and Psychology Research and statistics employ such meaningful roles in psychology whereas without both psychology may not exist. In psychology the importance of research is to help understand human beings and behaviors, but without research questions concerning human beings and behavior would go unanswered. Thoughts and theories concerning human beings and behaviors would go unanswered as well. Using and relying on the scientific method, psychology uses the research and statistics gathered to prove or disprove thoughts and theories. The importance of statistics in psychology is that they help in determining if research findings are not substantive or substantive. Not only do research and statistics play a part in psychology, the roles of the scientific method, primary data, and secondary data contribute as well. Research and the Scientific Method Research is the collection and evaluation of information or data about a particular subject (Nordquist, 2013). Psychology research is about values, variables, and scores. Values are categories or numbers, variables are characteristics or conditions that can have different values, and scores are a particular individual’s value on a variable (Aron, Aron, & Coups, 2009). Psychological processes confirmed by research to occur outside one’s awareness with several associations between behaviors, and feelings, or situations guiding one’s behavior, either unconsciously or implicitly (Kowalski & Westen, 2011). There...
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...Research, Statistics, and Psychology To understand thoroughly something a person must understand its background and conduct research. According to Bing Dictionary (2012), research is an organized way to study something; that can include an investigation to uncover facts, to create a theory or correct a previous one, or to make a plan based upon the discovered facts. A person cannot conduct or make connections in research without the use of statistics. Statistics can be just about any compilation of information on any subject in use with performance, time management, effectiveness, budgeting, and many more. Both research and statistics are important components in psychology. This paper will discuss the role of research and statistics within psychology. Examining what research and the scientific method are, comparing and contrasting the characteristics of primary and secondary data, and explaining the role of statistics within research. Role of Research and Statistics Research is a vital component in just about any field for advancement of a product or idea, especially in psychology. As stated above research is an organized way to study something. Because psychology is a field that tries to understand human thinking and behavior it is necessary that research be a vital component. Research is important to psychology because it provides pertinent information about the way a person may think or behave and forming an idea or opinion as a response from the conducted research. A...
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...should have been more variation in his measurements. The case, which led to two scientific papers being retracted, came on the heels of an even bigger fraud, uncovered last year, perpetrated by the Dutch psychologist Diederik Stapel. He was found to have fabricated data for years and published it in at least 30 peer-reviewed papers, including a report in the journal Scienceabout how untidy environments may encourage discrimination. The cases have sent shockwaves through a discipline that was already facing serious questions about plagiarism. "In many respects, psychology is at a crossroads – the decisions we take now will determine whether or not it remains a serious, credible, scientific discipline along with the harder sciences," says Chris Chambers, a psychologist at Cardiff University. "We have to be open about the problems that exist in psychology and understand that, though they're not unique to psychology, that doesn't mean we shouldn't be addressing them. If we do that, we can end up leading the other sciences rather than following...
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...Research, Statistics, and Psychology Psychology is the scientific investigation of mental processes and behavior (Kowalski & Westen, 2007, p. 3). During the late 19th century, psychology became an actual science because of the fascination of human behavior. Psychologists use observation to measure human behavior better to understand mental and biological processes, motives, and personality traits. Human behavior may be understood through applied and academic science (Psychology Majors, 2011). Based on this, research using the scientific method is necessary for statistical psychology. Early research and use of scientific method in psychology included the works of Edward Titchener. Titchener used structuralism to explore aspects of the mind. Research through this method focused on introspection, or individual conscious experience. Titchener used a table method similar to a chemistry periodic table to study human behavior. Titchener believed experimentation was the only scientific method to use for the study psychology (Northern Illinois University, 2003). A paradigm in psychology is a set of theoretical assertions that provide a model, abstract picture, or object of study (Kowalski & Westen, 2007, p. 11). A paradigm is a set of shared metaphors that compare any object of study through investigation. Many modern psychologists use innovative approaches to study human behavior to support traditional methods of psychology through use of research using the scientific method...
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...Support Material GCE Psychology OCR Advanced GCE in Psychology: H568 Unit: G544 This Support Material booklet is designed to accompany the OCR Advanced GCE specification in Psychology for teaching from September 2008. Contents Contents 2 Introduction 3 Scheme of Work - Psychology : H568 : G544 5 Lesson Plans - Psychology : H568 : G544 27 Other forms of Support 35 Introduction Background A new structure of assessment for A Level has been introduced, for first teaching from September 2008. Some of the changes include: • The introduction of stretch and challenge (including the new A* grade at A2) – to ensure that every young person has the opportunity to reach their full potential • The reduction or removal of coursework components for many qualifications – to lessen the volume of marking for teachers • A reduction in the number of units for many qualifications – to lessen the amount of assessment for learners • Amendments to the content of specifications – to ensure that content is up-to-date and relevant. OCR has produced an overview document, which summarises the changes to Psychology. This can be found at www.ocr.org.uk, along with the new specification. In order to help you plan effectively for the implementation of the new specification...
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...Research, Statistics, & Psychology Psy/315 January 9, 2012 Research, Statistics & Psychology The scientific, objective, and the methodic gathering of information for a theory is research. Statistics is collection of data, interpretation, the analysis, and presentation of the data. Statistical data is the important part to any good research. Psychology, statistics is the method of pursuing the truth (Aron, Aron, & Coup, 2009). The statistics methods is to make sense out of the large amount of data collected during research by psychologists. This paper will explore the role of research and statistics in psychology field. The paper will give the definition of the research and the scientific method, and the characteristics of the primary and secondary data that researcher use to help form an hypothesis. The paper will also explore the role of statistics in research. Research and Scientific Method Merriam-Webster Dictionary defines research has the, “studious inquiry or examination, especially: investigation or experimentation aimed at the discovery and interpretation of facts, revision of accepted theories or laws in the light of new facts, or practical...
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...Research, Statistics, and Psychology Paper Monique Green PSY/315 March 12, 2012 Victoria Green Research, Statistics, and Psychology Paper Research basically means the gathering of information and facts for the advancement of knowledge and the gathering of data. When an individual reads a book that is a factual book or when an individual does research on the internet these are two types of research an individual can perform. When an individual conducts his or her research the individual has to be systematic when doing their research and he or she must follow a series of steps in order to obtain information that is accurate and true. When an individual is doing research it is important that the researcher make sure that the information collected is a confirm fact or facts. Research can appear to be actual facts and turn out to be actual lies. When doing research an individual has the establish that the information is actually facts, they have to reaffirm that the results of someone’s previous work, try and solve new or existing problems, support theorems, or develop their own new theories. A new research can also be an expansion to a previous research or work that was done. The main reason an individual does research is for documentation, discovery, interpretation, or for the development of different methods and systems for the advancement of human knowledge. The scientific method basically is a set of principles and procedures that researchers use to collect data, develop...
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...Induction Research Methods exercise for AS Psychology! Does gender effect Exam results. In my opinion exam results are effected by gender this may be for many reasons. A lot of people may disagree with the hypothesis so I will be carrying out an experiment to see whether or not this is true. In my initial research "this year as girls once again extended their lead over boys" To find whether or not this research and hypothesis is true I will be performing an experiment. In this experiment I will get a group of teenagers between the age of 15-17 of different ages to perform an examination under the exact conditions as GCSEs. They will all be given strict revision timetables and will be under supervision to make sure these are followed to the letter. The exams will be of a random topic so the students cannot do any revision before the subject is released this will ensure the students have had the same time to revise. The exam will last around forty five minuets to one hour so other factors do not effect the students such as boredom and tiredness this will insure the test is fair. All that is needed for the experiment is a test paper a quite space such as a local schools examination hall and around 50 students (25 boys & 25 girls). In addition to this a team of adults to ensure that GCSES regulations are being met. From this experiment we will be able to whether gender affects exam results. If gender does affect exam results we will see a clear difference in the average...
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...Psychology, Only a Dream or Wise Career Choice? What career do I want to be a professional in? I aspire to become a Counseling Psychologist. Due to all the obstacles I have had to learn how to cope with I want to help others do the same. My passion for understanding how the brain works has become stronger in the recent years. I love learning about the brain, helping others and have a caring personality. I understand the challenges I will face on the road to becoming a counseling psychologist. Some of these challenges that could delay or prevent me from obtaining my career goal include change in major, academic and financial struggles. What is counseling psychology? According to the American Psychology Association, counseling psychology focuses...
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...Cassidy Hanson (W0495976) PSYC 101 SEC 1 Sport Psychology Sport psychology is simply the psychology that goes with athletic activity and exercise. This subfield of psychology is used mostly with athletes and coaches to test the athletes speed, agility and improve his or her motivation. This paper will provide some insight on how this subfield of psychology came to be, some examples of certain topics discussed and researched as well as some examples of research still used today. First let us begin on the history of sport psychology. Sport psychology is a relatively new subfield of psychology dating back to the 1920s. A psychologist by the name of Coleman Griffith organized the first American sport psychology laboratory at UIC. After a few years, in the 1930s the laboratory got shut down due to insufficient funding. This did not stop Coleman Griffith when he consulted with professional sports teams like the Chicago Cubs. Meanwhile three men from Stanford University, B.C. Graves, Walter Miles and football coach Glenn Warner, all created and experiment to find the fastest way to get the offense to run together once the center hikes the ball. Miles created a durable chronoscope to...
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...Psychology, Only a Dream or Wise Career Choice? What career do I want to be a professional in? I aspire to become a Counseling Psychologist. Due to all the obstacles I have had to learn how to cope with I want to help others do the same. My passion for understanding how the brain works has become stronger in the recent years. I love learning about the brain, helping others and have a caring personality. I understand the challenges I will face on the road to becoming a counseling psychologist. Some of these challenges that could delay or prevent me from obtaining my career goal include change in major, academic and financial struggles. What is counseling psychology? According to the American Psychology Association, counseling psychology focuses...
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...Phoenix Material Origins of Psychology and Research Methods Worksheet Part I: Origins of Psychology Within psychology, there are several perspectives used to describe, predict, and explain human behavior. The seven major perspectives in modern psychology are psychoanalytic, behaviorist, humanist, cognitive, neuroscientific/biopsychological, evolutionary, and sociocultural. Describe the perspectives, using two to three sentences each. Select one major figure associated with one of the perspectives and describe his or her work in two to three sentences. Type your response in the space below. Psychoanalytical is to make sense of the unconscious mind through therapy to release repressed emotions and experiences. This is therapy is usually used when a person is being treated for depression and anxiety disorders. Behaviorist Psychology emphasized objective, observable environmental influences on overt behavior. Humanistic Psychology is the study of free will. It is the study of voluntary and involuntary or reflex behavior. This is the fight or flight and survival of the fittest theory. Cognitive Psychology emphasizes thoughts, perception, and information processing. It is the study of how we view things in everyday life and how they affect us. Neuroscientific/Biopsychological examines behavior study of the brain, how the brain processes information electrically, and which part of the brain processes the information. Evolutionary Psychology is a study of natural selection...
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...It was learned during week one that forensic psychology is more than what you see on television. It has been the common misconception that the field of forensic psychology is just those we see investigating the crime scene looking for the criminal. It was learned that this specific field is used in many parts of the court system such as criminal and civil law. A forensic psychologist would need to determine the mens rea of the exact crime in a criminal suit whereas they would be looking at something different in a civil case. A civil case would be about the wrongs done to an individual. A forensic psychologist could be called as a witness in a criminal trial for either the prosecution or the defense to scientifically explain the evidence found during the investigation. They could be called to the stand to explain the behavior of a certain individual as long as it is in within the scope of their job,...
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...Chapter 2: Research in Psychology Francine Shapiro/Critical Thinking Tested if eye movements have caused the change in her emotions During and after these eye movement sessions, their reactions to unpleasant thoughts faded away Their emotional flashbacks decreased dramatically Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing: EMDR Critical Thinking: The process of assessing claims and making judgements on the basis of well supported evidence What am I being asked to believe or accept?- If EMDR reduces or eliminates anxiety related problems What evidence is available to support the assertion?- Experienced a reduction in her own emotional distress following certain kinds of eye movements Are there alternative ways of interpreting the evidence?- Dramatic effects might not have been due to EMDR but to people’s desire to overcome their problems or perhaps their desire to prove her right The ruling out process leads to the next step in critical thinking: conducting scientific research What additional evidence would help to evaluate the alternatives?- The ideal method for collecting further evidence would be to identify three groups of people with anxiety- related problems who were alike in every way except for the anxiety treatment they received What conclusions are most reasonable?- The research evidence collected so far hasn’t yet ruled out alternative explanations for the effects of EMDR Only reasonable conclusions EMDR remains a controversial treatment It seems to have...
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...Describe the cognitive approach in psychology and evaluate the research methods used. In the cognitive approach, lab experiments are reductionist because it’s focusing on basic processes and compares human cognition to computer functioning; ignoring the complexity of the human mind. The cognitive approach often takes this narrow focus and ignores social and emotional factors which may impact on cognition. This is evident from studies such as Ebinghaus experiment where he investigated forgetting and how memory ‘decays’. Although there are some explanations that relate to the brain and how our brain deals with information to remember it, there is another explanation that supports the reductionist side. Humans are like computers and if we don’t recall the information to remind ourselves of something, like in a computer drive we will simply get overloaded with other information that will overshadow this one and simply make us forget. This therefore shows how lab experiments can be reductionist. Furthermore, because it was a lab experiment where Ebinghaus knew what to expect from his inference we can say it was unfair and invalid because he was appreciative. The use of case studies in the cognitive approach is longitudinal which is good as it allows information to be gathered over a period of time and can therefore show changes in behaviour or thoughts over the set period. The Ebinghaus study, where he collected data over several weeks to see if he was capable of remembering things...
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