...Into to Sociology Who Am I Part II Due: 9/14/14 Religions of India Religion just might be the biggest social institution I can think of in the world. There is no part of the world where religion doesn’t exist. The biggest thing religion and India have in common is the freedom and diversity. All of India’s people have the right to religious freedom and can practice and worship any religion they please, but religion plays a central role in Indian daily life through its temple ceremonies, festivals, pilgrimages, family religious traditions. Diversity of religion is what I would like to focus on as I look deeper into the foreign country of India. Just like the United States, India also shares freedom of religion. India is diverse in its own since when it comes to religious beliefs. India is the birthplace of four of the world’s major religions; namely Hinduism Buddhism Jainism and Sikhism. According to a 2001 census, out of 1028 million population, little over 827 million (80.5%) have returned themselves as followers of Hindu religion, 138 million (13.4%) as Muslims or the followers of Islam, 24 million (2.3%) as Christians, 19 million (1.9%) as Sikh, 8 million (0.80%) as Buddhists and 4 million (0.4%) are Jain. In addition, over 6 million have reported professing other religions and faiths including tribal religions, different from six main religions (Religion, Census of India 2001, censusindia.gov.). With India being the second largest nation population wise, coming in second...
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...Short essay on diversity in Indian Culture SROUTI MODHA India is a land of diversity in race, region, caste, language, mate, landform, flora and fauna and so on. From ancient time till day India has repaintained this diversity from very ancient time. Mature has shaped the country so. Rightly this land has been termed as "the epitome of the world." The fundamental diversity in India is gleaned from the following. Geographical Diversity: India is a vast country with great diversity of physical features. Certain parts in India are so fertile that they are counted amongst the most fertile regions of the world while other are so unproductive and barren that hardly anything car be grown there. The regions of Indo- Gangetic Valley belong to the first category, while certain area of Rajasthan falls under the later category. From the point of view of climate, there is sharp contrast. As Minoo Massami has said that, "India has every variety of climates from the blazing heat of the plains, as hot in places as hottest Africa-Jacobabad in Sindh- to freezing point (the Arctic cold of the Himalayas). The Himalayan ranges which are always covered with snow are very cold while the deserts of Rajasthan are well known for their heat. The country also does not get uniform rainfall. There are certain areas like Cherapunji in Assam which get almost 460" of rain -fall per year which is considered to be world's highest record on the other hand, Sindh and Rajasthan get hardly 3 inches...
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...prosperous nation. India is a country with innumerable diversities, an entity composed of many communities, races classes, languages and subcultures. In any such nation, there are many obstacles to the achievement of national integration. In India the following hindrances are obstructing the growth of national feeling, casteism, communalism, linguistic fanaticism, social disparity, economic inequalities and immorality, regionalism etc. 1. Casteism: Caste is an imported part of our social fabric. This was developed in the past on the basis of division of labour in the society. But now casteism has segregated the society. Unity and integrity has become a dream in a caste ridden society. The feeling of socially neglected scheduled castes under the suppression of upper caste ruined the sense of we feeling and unity. It becomes a problem for national integration. 2. Communalism: Religions antagonism has posed a i serious challenge to national integration in India. India is a multi- religious land. Political manipulation has projected one religion against the other which resulted in communal riot, bloodbath, mutual, distrust and disintegration of the country. Large scale illiteracy and superstition are responsible along with other causes for raise communalism in the country. It is very difficult to promote national integration under these situations. 3. Linguistic Fanaticism: Multi-linguism is one of the important characters of India. India has fifteen officially...
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...Religion in India is characterized by a diversity of religious beliefs and practices. India is the birthplace of four of the world's major religions; namely Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism. Throughout India's history, religion has been an important part of the country's culture. Religious diversity and religious tolerance are both established in the country by the law and custom. According to the 2001 census,[1] 80.5% of the population of India practice Hinduism. Islam (13.8%), Christianity (2.4%), Sikhism (1.9%), Buddhism (1.5%) and Jainism (0.4%) are the other major religions followed by the people of India. There are also numerous minor tribal traditions, though these have been affected by major religions such as Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam and Christianity. The amount of diversity in the religious belief systems of India today, is a result of both the existence of many native religions and also, the assimilation and social integration of religions brought to the region by travellers, immigrants, traders, and even invaders and conquerors such as the Mughals. Zoroastrianism and Judaism also have an ancient history in India, and each has several thousands of Indian adherents. India has the largest population of people adhering to Zoroastrianism (i.e. Parsis and Iranis) and Bahá'í Faith in the world,[2][3] even though these religions are not native to India. Many other world religions also have a relationship with Indian spirituality, such as the Baha'i faith which...
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...The most striking feature of India is its unity amidst great variety and diversity. We have in India all types of topograply, climate, soil and rainfall. All the major religions of the world are practised here. We have several varieties of costumes, food habits and social customs. We have about one thousand six hundred fifty two languages and dialects afferent parts of the country. India is often called a geographical, social, etimological and cultural museum. Despite all these differences India is a political entity, every part of which is governed under the same Constitution. We have to co-exist with each other peacefully, respect the culture and religions of our fellow Indians. Our Constitution is the most important force that binds the nation together. It has given recognition to eighteen languages as National langauges. Our national festivals also act as an important unifying force. Independence Day, Republic Day and Gandhi Jayanti are festivals that are celebrated by all Indians and in all parts of the country, regardless of languages, religion or culture. They remind us of our common nationality. Our national symbols like the National Flag, the National Anthem and the National Emblem also help to remind us that we are all one. They are important symbols of our national identify. Interdependence among states once again establishes the fact that we are one. Different regions of the country are dependent on each other for supplying and consuming various kinds of products...
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...place of worship Religious organisations – some religious organisations are happy for people to follow without belonging - NRMs membership is increasing scientology, televangelism, NAM’s- crystal therapy, tarot card readings etc Believing: (people are believing, their practices have changed, not necessarily secular) • Decreasing church attendance – however people have private practice (David Voas) Grace Davie • Religious education • Laws are based on 10 commandments • NRM’s – people believe but don’t necessarily go for formal worship. Wallis • Rise in world faiths – their attendance stats aren’t considered • Postmodernist – religion is changing – televangelism, spiritual shopping, jesus in Disneyland, supply led religion, civil religion eg USA • Methodological evaluation of church stats – are they valid indicator of secularisation? Belonging: (secularisation is happening) • Wilson – secularisation – religious beliefs, practices and institutions are declining • Brierly • Bruce • Attendance, membership, age, women, social class • Rationalisation • Disengagement • Technological worldview – Weber • Structural differentiation – parsons • Social and cultural diversity • Religious diversity • Criticisms of secularisation theory – Eurocentric and ethnocentric Conclusion – agree/disagree with the statement and summarise your argument why “Religious practice varies from...
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...International Journal of Manpower 17,4/5 76 Sources of diversity and the challenge before human resource management in India C.S. Venkata Ratnam and V. Chandra International Management Institute, New Delhi, India Introduction The common refrain about India is that “it is such a diverse country whatever you say of it, the opposite is equally true”. “In India”, Stern (1993) observes, you will find “a society that has, like Europe’s, the diversities of a continent and the unities of a civilization”. Such is the measure of the magnitude of the nature of diversity in Indian society whose features Indian industry had inherited. Societal diversity is not an unmixed blessing for corporations and their management. It is argued that in India, generally speaking, the weaknesses of societal diversity such as caste, for instance, are superimposed on its business and industrial organizations and exacerbated. The marketplace and workforce in India are becoming more diverse every day. In fact, workplace diversity is considered a major challenge and opportunity for human resource management. It makes integration both difficult and easy depending on how diversity is viewed and used. The sources of diversity and its uses make a difference to what it means and how it impinges on organizational purpose and human behaviour at the workplace and beyond. Workplace diversity in India may have been partly inherited from centuries of customs and practices, partly imposed from colonial heritage and...
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...Assess the impact of cotemporary ideas of the present state of religion in the world. Clearly, the diversity of religions in the world has been a fact throughout the entire history of all the world's major living religious traditions. Nevertheless, this diversity has been made the basis for contention rather than community in many cases, and the monotheistic religions have often been among the worst offenders on this score. The strong tendency to display hostility toward different religious positions is connected with a strong tendency toward xenophobia and ethnocentrism. The study of religion in the modern world calls for theories, approaches and methods that engage with the issues and processes that have affected the world within the last two hundred years, such as the impact of colonialism and subsequent postcolonial developments, globalization and the rise of global religious movements. For a start, it is worth asking if secular states and their underlying ideology, political secularism, are really under siege everywhere. Secularism was severely jolted with the establishment of the first modern theocracy in 1979 in Iran. By the late 1980s, Islamic political movements had emerged in Egypt, Sudan, Algeria, Tunisia, Ethiopia, Nigeria, Chad, Senegal, Turkey, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and even in Bangladesh. Movements challenging secular states were hardly restricted to Muslim societies. Protestant movements decrying secularism emerged in Kenya, Guatemala, and the Philippines...
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...ETH/125 Donna Elaine Mann November 29, 2013 Religious and Ethnic Groups Hinduism is a complex religion. It is the world’s largest religion, after Christianity and Islam, with over a billion followers. It originated in India and is a mixture of religious, philosophical, and cultural ideas and practices. Hinduism is characterized by the belief in reincarnation (Samsara), the multiplicity of deities, the laws of cause and effect (Karma), following a path of devoutness, and the desire for freedom from the cycle of births and deaths (Moksha). It is a way of life called Dharma, which is the law that governs all action. Hindus regard their religion as eternal (Sanatama). Hinduism is thought to have gotten its name from the Persian word Hindu, meaning river. It has no founder or date of origin. Scholars believe that Hinduism may have existed in circa 10000 B.C. with the earliest scriptures, The Rig Veda, composed well before 6500 B.C. The word Hinduism is not found anywhere in the scriptures. The term Hindu was introduced by foreigners referring to people living across the River Indus or Sindhu, in the north of India where the Vedic religion is believed to have originated. Christianity and Islam consider Hinduism as evil because it is a humanistic religion permitting enormous liberties within a few rational and humane boundaries. Because Hinduism is thought to worship and perform rituals to many gods, it is considered paganism. Hinduism gained popularity...
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...India, or Bharat, the fifth largest and the second populated country in the world, is one of the few countries which can boast of an ancient, deep-rooted and diverse culture, which stretches back to 5000 years. In ancient times, India was known as 'Bharata Varsha', the country of the legendary king of Puranic times called Bharat, and was believed to be a part of the island continent called 'Jambu Dvipa'. Geologically speaking, India formed part of the Gondwana land and was attached to Antarctica and Australia, before it was liberated from the Antarctica complex about 135 million years ago and started drifting towards the north and finally joining South Asia about 45 million years ago. The Siwalik foothills of the north-western Himalayas served as home to the fossil primate genus known as Ramapithecus, which lived some 14 million years ago. Researches have also found that a species resembling the Australopithecus lived in India some 2 million years ago. Some anthropologists believe that the Chotanagpur region witnessed the transformation of Homo Erectus to Homo Sapiens. This claim is based on the findings of hand axes and blades in the region of Pathalgarwa and the discovery of Harappan pottery in the nearby areas. Early Civilisations Extensive archaeological excavations carried out at Mohenjodaro in the present Pakistan in 1922 brought to light the existence of a highly sophisticated and urbanized culture known as the Harappan Civilization in India, which dominated the north-western...
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...Frankfurt Leadership in Global Environment Project LEADERSHIP : WOMEN IN LEADERSHIP POSITIONS Masters of Business Administration in Aviation Management Semester 3 Mukul Ringe, Reg No. 1042245 Deputy Chief Aircraft Engineer, Air India Limited Professor: Dr. Yvonne Ziegler 25 March 2014 Table of Contents 1. Introduction ……………………………………………………………5 1.1 Background …………………………………………………………5 1.2 Scope ………………………………………………………………..5 1.3 Structure of Report and Methodology …………………………...6 2. Women in Leadership Positions ……………………………………6 2.1 Women in Leadership in Indian Industry ………………………...6 2.2 Women in Leadership in world Industry ………………………….7 3. Higher education in women in India ……………………………….8 3.1 Sequential Growth ………………………………………………….8 3.2 Society perceptions and limitations ………………………………9 3.3 Government Initiatives ……………………………………………10 3.4 Economic Considerations ………………………………………..10 4. Carrier Family Balancing …………………………………………...10 4.1 Gender Discrimination ……………………………………………11 4.2 Historical Gender Bias ……………………………………………12 4.3 Duties of motherhood and Homemaker ………………………..12 5. Diversity Management Programs …………………………………12 5.1 Gender Diversity …………………………………………………..13 5.2 Diversity as a result of Religion, caste and Education ………..13 5.3 Managing Diversity ……………………………………………….13 6. Conclusion ……………………………………………………………14 References …………………………………………………………….15 Page i Table of Figures Figure 1: Positions held by women in Fortune 500 companies................8 Figure 2: Ratio of...
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...I do not expect India of my dreams to develop one religion, i.e., to be wholly Hindu or wholly Christian or wholly Mussalman, but I want it to be wholly tolerant, with its religions working side by side with one another.'' So said Mahatma Gandhi. India has been declared a secular state by its written constitution and it is every Indians duty to stand by and believe in this declaration. And yet recent political and social events have questioned this declaration. Is India a secular country only on paper or does secularism actually exist in India; or is in the form of pseudo- secularism, a term the BJP and its allies seem to repeatedly harp on. During the freedom struggle, secularism was emerging as the most dominant principle. The leaders of the Indian National Congress; Gandhi, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, Nehru and others were deeply committed to the ideal of secularism, though each expressed it in very different manners. Secularism became the mantra of the Indian nation, a nation exhausted by partition and sectarian riots and above all the assassination of Gandhiji, did not want any more divisive talk. The founding fathers represented the aspirations of the different sections of society and it is due to the struggles of these different people that secular principles got enshrined into the Indian constitution. Under Jawaharlal Nehru and later under his successors in the Congress Party, the concept of a secular nation-state was officially adopted as India's path to political...
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...SPECIAL ISSUE ON INDIA The Uniform Civil Code Debate in Indian Law: New Developments and Changing Agenda By Werner Menski ∗ A. Introduction: What Happens if One Asks for the Moon? Postcolonial India’s modernist ambition to have a Uniform Civil Code, impressively written into Article 44 of the Indian Constitution of 1950 as a nonjusticiable Directive Principle of State Policy, concerns not just an Indian problem but a universal predicament for lawyers and legal systems. What is the relationship between personal status laws and general state-made laws? To what extent should the formal law allow for, or seek to restrain, the legal implications of religious and socio-cultural diversity? To what extent does a state, whether secular or not, actually have power and legitimacy to decree and enforce legal uniformity? There are many more agendas at play here than simply the central issue of legal authority, focused on the power of the law, or simply “religion” v. “law”, or “culture” v. “law”, as we are often still led to believe. I present here the recent developments in India’s law relating to the much-debated Uniform Civil Code agenda to illustrate that Indian law today increasingly turns its back on supposedly European or “Western” models, and has been developing its own country-specific and situation-sensitive methods of handling complex sociolegal issues. This may contain some important lessons for European lawyers, specifically in terms of managing cultural diversity through plurality-conscious...
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...Diversity Some people’s social background and individuality are different. This is diversity, this term means society is diverse. Diversity is the way in which people are different from one another. Individuals differ due to individual’s religion, their language they speak, food and drink, disabilities, colour of their skin, social class and their physical appearance. Social class Social class is the grouping of individuals who share a common position in society. Social class is linked with an individual’s occupation, their income, wealth, beliefs and their lifestyles. They may have different health needs and opportunities, due to income. Lower class people tend to have poorer health and higher death rates. Family Structure Family structure is a social group of people that is made up of people who are related to each other through birth, marriage or adoption. There are lots of types of family’s, such as lone parent and nuclear. Religious beliefs Religious beliefs is a set of beliefs, symbols and practices. An example of this, could be praying, which is based on the idea of a sacred and very important being. Types of religion are, Christianity, Muslims, Sikhs tec. Secular Beliefs Secular beliefs is beliefs that are not connected to religion or the church, but are beliefs of other different natures instead. Examples of this, would be, a scientific explanation for illnesses etc., rather than God given. Sexuality Sexuality refers to a person’s sexual behaviour...
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...SPECIAL ISSUE ON INDIA The Uniform Civil Code Debate in Indian Law: New Developments and Changing Agenda By Werner Menski ∗ A. Introduction: What Happens if One Asks for the Moon? Postcolonial India’s modernist ambition to have a Uniform Civil Code, impressively written into Article 44 of the Indian Constitution of 1950 as a nonjusticiable Directive Principle of State Policy, concerns not just an Indian problem but a universal predicament for lawyers and legal systems. What is the relationship between personal status laws and general state-made laws? To what extent should the formal law allow for, or seek to restrain, the legal implications of religious and socio-cultural diversity? To what extent does a state, whether secular or not, actually have power and legitimacy to decree and enforce legal uniformity? There are many more agendas at play here than simply the central issue of legal authority, focused on the power of the law, or simply “religion” v. “law”, or “culture” v. “law”, as we are often still led to believe. I present here the recent developments in India’s law relating to the much-debated Uniform Civil Code agenda to illustrate that Indian law today increasingly turns its back on supposedly European or “Western” models, and has been developing its own country-specific and situation-sensitive methods of handling complex sociolegal issues. This may contain some important lessons for European lawyers, specifically in terms of managing cultural diversity through plurality-conscious...
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