...many ways; by exploiting their workers, their customers, and even the public at large. Some businesses get indulge in exploitation for the sake of increasing profits at the expense of their workers. Workers may get low wages, by encouraging them to subsidize their income with food outlets and welfare at the tax payer’s expense. Unknowingly, they are being cheated. Migrant workers in the cleaning industry are exploited in Finland. The exploitation of migrant labour can be defined as any form of misuse of acts against foreigners. Some serious forms of exploitation may be the use of force or threats against workers to make them abide by the rule. Usually youngsters don’t know much about the rights of employment. They are not aware of the remedies available to them when they are working overtime and paid less. To prevent such situation from happening, employees who are under 18 years old should have a written consent of a parent before signing an employment contract. In Zimbabwe women are victims of sexual exploitation at the workplace. Legislation is trying to prevent gender discrimination at the workplace, but women are still placed at the lowest level in the world of work and they are also victims of sexual harassment. Women prefer not to report sexual harassment at work because they are afraid of losing their job and becoming independent on their husbands. Human trafficking is defined as “recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring/receipt of persons, by coercion for...
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...employees, and the state’s position on measures to deal with sexual harassment. It will only examine these subsystems of the employment relations system as they apply in the private sector where the majority of employees work, this sector is considered the main driver of Malaysia’s economy. The Trade Union Movement The relationship between employers and employees in Malaysia is regulated by a number of laws which were introduced prior to independence (1957) and in the first decade immediately thereafter. The colonial economy prior to World War II (1939-45) was based on tin mining and rubber plantations. The need for labour in these two industries changed the human landscape of Malaysia (Malaya as it then was) for ever. The colonial government either allowed or actively encouraged the importation of labour from China and India, thus creating the multi-racial society which is Malaysia today. The wages of this growing group of employees were low and working conditions were mostly abysmal. Jomo and Todd explained the lack of governmental interference to improve the lot of workers by saying, ‘As a major employer 1 Maimunah Aminuddin (m_aminuddin@hotmail.com) taught industrial relations, employment law and human resource management for 34 years in Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. Employment Relations 305 itself, the government had a vested interest in keeping labour costs low.’2 In...
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...SHIV SHAKTI International Journal in Multidisciplinary and Academic Research (SSIJMAR) Vol. 1, No. 4, November-December (ISSN 2278 – 5973) VIOLATION OF WOMEN HUMAN RIGHTS IN INDIA RITU DHANOA* * ASTT. PROFESSOR,G.G.S.C.W. SECTOR – 26, CHANDIGARH, MOBILE – 9872431166, dhanoaritu@gmail.com 1 www.ssijmar.in VIOLATION OF WOMEN HUMAN RIGHTS IN INDIA ABSTRACT: Human rights are those minimum rights which are compulsorily obtainable by every individual as he/she is a member of human family. The constitution of India also guarantees the equality of rights of men and women. However, in the sphere of women’s human rights in India, there exists a wide gulf between theory and practice. Indian society is a male dominated society where men are always assumed to be superior to society. The women in India very often have to face discrimination, injustice and dishonour. Though women in India have been given more rights as compared to men, even then the condition of women in India is miserable. The paper will throw light on the human rights of women in India and that how all the fundamental rights given to the women are being violated in India, by focussing on the various crimes done against them. The constitution of India has granted equal rights to the men and women. According to article 14 – „The State shall not deny to any person equality before law or the equal protection of laws within the territory of India‟. And Article 15 states – „State shall not discriminate against...
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...Will Nike “Just Do It”? Name: Huzefa Poonawala Class: GM 675MC Instructor: Eric Baker Date: December 12, 2012 As one of the leading brands in athletic wear, it would seem that Nike would be in the frontlines promoting human rights in the factories where their products are made. There have been many reports of workers in Nike factories facing poverty, harassment, dismissal and violent intimidation (Wazir, 2001). The motto of “Just Do It” does not seem applicable to the company itself. Despite numerous reports and audits, Nike has yet to take action against human rights violations by their suppliers. In 1998, the CEO of Nike, Phil Knight promised six main improvements in conditions at Nike factories around the world. These were: all Nike factories would meet US air quality standards, the minimum age would be raised to 18 for workers in Nike shoe factories and 16 for those in clothing factories, Nike would include non-governmental organizations in factory monitoring, and the company would make inspection results public, Nike would expand its worker education program, with free secondary-school equivalent courses, a loan program would be expanded to benefit 4,000 families in Vietnam, Indonesia, Pakistan and Thailand and research on responsible business practices would be funded at four universities (Wazir, 2001). Despite such high aims by the company, there are still reports of human rights violations in factories manufacturing Nike products. In 2005, the company sent auditors...
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...Bangladesh – German Development Cooperation PROGRESS House 10C, Road 90, Gulshan 2, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh Tel: +880 2 9887567, Fax: +880 2 8813769 E-mail: progress@gtz.de,[->0] Websites: www.gtz.de[->1], www.gtz-progress.org[->2] Working Paper No – 6 A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN THE BANGLADESH LABOR LAW 2006 AND 7 GENERAL CODES OF CONDUCT By Ameena Chowdhury Hanna Denecke Dhaka, October 21, 2007 PROGRESS (promotion of social, environmental and production standards in the ready-made garment sector) is a joint program of the Bangladesh Ministry of Commerce and the German Federal Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ), implemented by GTZ. Executive Summary The Readymade Garment (RMG) sector in Bangladesh is a highly export oriented sector and therefore extremely volatile to requirements of international buyers. Since the adherence to international social standards has become a mandatory requirement in the international business arena, the local suppliers have to be compliant to these standards in order to remain in business. There have been some significant revisions to the Bangladesh Labor Law in 2006. This newly revised law already covers a lot of the common standards like employment conditions, occupational health and safety issues as well as the ILO core labor standards. Besides being complaint...
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...must be holistic. That means considering the role of productive work in life as a whole and the distribution of unpaid work as well as the myriad questions relating to employment. This important anthology brings together the thinking of leading philosophers, economists and lawyers on this complex subject. Selected recent articles from the multidisciplinary International Labour Review are assembled for the first time to illuminate questions such as how we should define equality, what equal opportunity means and what statistics tell us about differences between men and women at work, how the family confronts globalization and what is the role of law in achieving equality. There is an examination of policy – to deal with sexual harassment and wage inequality, for example, as well as part-time work, the glass ceiling, social security, and much more. A major reference on the best of current research and analysis on gender roles and work. Martha Fetherolf Loutfi has been Editor-in-Chief of the International Labour Review, a Senior Economist for the Brandt Commission and in the ILO’s Employment and Development Department and an associate professor of economics. She has written books and articles on employment, women, energy, environment, capital flows and foreign aid. Price: 40 Swiss francs WOMEN, GENDER AND WORK 30.11.2002 ILO c.i+iv_WomGend&Work WHAT IS EQUALITY AND HOW DO WE GET THERE ? WOMEN, GENDER WORK Edited by Mar tha Fetherolf Lout...
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...An Overview of Working Conditions in Sportswear Factories in Indonesia, Sri Lanka & the Philippines April 2011 Introduction In the final quarter of 2010 the ITGLWF carried out research in major sportswear producer countries to examine working conditions in factories producing for multinational brands and retailers such as adidas, Dunlop, GAP, Greg Norman, Nike, Speedo, Ralph Lauren and Tommy Hilfiger (for a full list of the brands and retailers please see Annex 1). The researchers collected information on working conditions at 83 factories, comprising 18 factories in Indonesia, 17 in Sri Lanka and 47 in the Philippines. In Indonesia researchers focused on 5 key locations of sportswear production: Bekasi, Bogor, Jakarta, Serang and Tangerang. In Sri Lanka researchers examined conditions in the major sportswear producing factories, mainly located in Export Processing Zones, and in the Philippines researchers focused on the National Capital Region, Region III and Region IV-A. All of the factories covered are producing for export to the EU and North America, and many of those in the Philippines are also exporting to Japan. Collectively the 83 factories employed over 100,000 workers, the majority of whom were females under the age of 35. This report contains an executive summary of the findings, based on information collected from workers, factory management, supervisors, human resource staff and trade union officials. The research was carried out by the ITGLWF’s affiliates...
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...CH5. Natural Resource Utilization & Pollution of the Environment * Resource depletion: the consumption of finite or scarce resources. * Pollution: undesirable contamination of the environment by the manufacture or use of commodities. * Conservation: the saving or rationing of resources for future use. * Private costs: costs of production borne by the producer. * External costs: costs of production not borne by the producer. * Social cost of production: = private costs + external costs * Internalization: make producers bear the total social cost of production. * Ecological system: an interrelated and interdependent set of organisms and environments * Ecological ethics: ecosystems as having inherent rights or interests and we have direct duties to them. * Ecofeminism: socio-ethical theory which combines ecological ethics with a critique of paternalistic patterns of domination (top down hierarchical authority structures) in our political and economic institutions as contributing to environmental exploitation. * Unlimited resource view: view encapsulating the attitude of bygone times which regarded the earth’s carrying capacity as unlimited, and air and water as "free goods." * Sustainable growth: a level of economic and population growth which enables each generation to hand down a world no worse than it inherited to succeeding generations, which avoids the Doomsday scenario. * Doomsday scenario:...
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...Discrimination against Women Abstract This paper looks into the various forms of discrimination against women, which prevail in approximately all parts of the globe. Women usually bear the heaviest weight of exploitation and marginalization by society as a whole. In addition, women also often suffer from exploitation and oppression by men. Women are faced with discriminatory behavior in all stages of their adult life. Throughout history, women normally have had less career opportunities and legal rights and than men. In this paper, we look at how women are discriminated against based on their gender in public life, employment, politics, religion, education, marital status and family, social services, and before the law. Introduction Research data have revealed that discriminatory practices against women prevail in approximately all parts of the globe. Discrimination against women based on their gender occurs in public life, employment, politics, religion, education, marital status and family, social services, and before the law. Women make up half of the population of the world and carry out two-thirds of the globe’s labor hours. Women obtain a tenth of the income of the world and possess less than a hundredth of the world’s property. Women usually bear the heaviest weight of exploitation and marginalization by society as a whole. In addition, women also often suffer from exploitation and oppression by men. For example, women perform 50 to 70% of all agricultural...
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...standard of business conduct is a set of rules outlining the responsibilities of the employers and employees in a certain company. It requires a differentiation between right and wrong in the industry to help the owners run the business efficiently. The company chosen for analysis is McDonald's, which is the most popular fast food restaurant chains in the world, with more than 32,000 restaurants, employing more than 1.5 million people and serving more than 60 million people in more than 100 countries every day. For more than 50 years McDonald’s has been a company guided by core values. The founder, Ray Kroc, built this great company on the six basic principles that continue to guide employees’ behavior, actions and decisions every day. place the customer experience at the core of all McDonald’s do Product quality and safety: Food safety is McDonald's number one priority. McDonald's should sell the foods and beverages that adhere to a high standard of sanitation. In addition, They have a comprehensive program to ensure the safety of all toys and promotional items. All of products in McDonald's must meet the applicable government requirements. Meanwhile, The dining room provided to consumers must be clean as well. It is the responsibility of every McDonald's employees to follow all the strict food sanitation policies and procedures. Notify the manager if there is a problem relating to the safety of products. Be committed to employees Employment practices: The company does not...
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...deception, the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation. Exploitation shall include, at a minimum, the exploitation of the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labor or services, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude or the removal or organs (Human Trafficking, 2006). Many types of human trafficking and forms of exploitation exist and are constantly changing. The key types of human trafficking and forms of exploitation include sexual exploitation, labor exploitation of children, and exploitation for the purpose of begging. Sexual exploitation is generally considered to be the primary form of human trafficking offenses. Russia’s sex trade has spread; the sex trade industry currently employs 150,000 women (Human Trafficking, 2006). Sexual exploitation particularly affects women and children. They are coerced into prostitution. Child trafficking is a particularly grave form of child labor exploitation. Apart from their use in the sex industry and the production of pornography, the labor of children trafficked from poor regions and countries are frequently exploited in farming and construction. Begging is another common form of child exploitation. Many employers use child labor due to...
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...BUSINESS ETHICS BY SHAW TEST BANK A+ Graded Tutorial Available At: http://hwsoloutions.com/?product=business-ethics-by-shaw-test-bank Visit Our website: http://hwsoloutions.com/ Product Description PRODUCT DESCRIPTION Business Ethics by Shaw Test Bank, Business Ethics by Shaw – Test Bank A+ Graded Chapter 1—The Nature of Morality MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following characteristics distinguishes moral standards from other sorts of standards? a. moral standards are purely optional b. moral standards take priority over other standards, including self-interest c. moral standards cannot be justified by reasons d. moral standards must be set or validated by some authoritative body 2. Choose the statement that gives the most accurate description of etiquette: a. the rules of etiquette are a fundamental branch of morality b. conformity with the rules of etiquette is sufficient for moral conduct c. etiquette refers to a special code of social behavior or courtesy d. the rules of etiquette are backed by statutory law 3. Our relationship with the law is best described by which of the following? a. To a significant extent, law codifies a society’s customs, norms, and moral values. b. The law is a completely adequate guide to the moral standards that we should follow. c. The law makes all immoral conduct illegal. d. Violating the law is always immoral. 4. Which of the following is not one of the four basic kinds of law? a. statutes b. constitutional...
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...Chapter 4 Addressing Individuals’ Common Ethical Problems Contents: (Please note: the Instructor Guide for every chapter will follow this structure.) 1. Chapter Outline 2. Teaching Notes 3. In-Class Exercises 4. Homework Assignments 5. Additional Resources Chapter Outline I. Introduction A. Indentifying Your Values – and Voicing Them II. People Issues A. Discrimination B. Harassment, Sexual and Otherwise III. Conflicts of Interest A. What Is It? B. How Can We Think About This Issue? C. Why Is It an Ethical Problem? D. Costs IV. Customer Confidence Issues A. What Is It? B. How Can We Think About This Issue? C. Why Is It an Ethical Problem? D. Costs V. Use of Corporate Resources A. What Is It? B. How Can We Think About This Issue? C. Why Is It an Ethical Problem? D. Costs VI. When All Else Fails: Blowing the Whistle A. When to Blow the Whistle B. How to Blow the Whistle VII. Conclusion VIII. Discussion Questions IX. Short Cases Teaching Notes - Discussion Questions 1. What do you value? Can you make a list of the three or four values you would stand up for? How will you explain to others what your values are and why? This is the perfect place to begin linking the values exercises you (hopefully) did with your students in Chapter 2, with why it is important to identify...
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...experiences, and the ability to innovate within organizations. Advantages of Goodwill: Since 1902, when Goodwill started its charitable work, the organization maintained a good reputation. Today, the biggest advantage of Goodwill is the good reputation the organization still enjoys. Goodwill success arises from the organization's management ability to focus on their employee’s morale in order to maintain the organization's reputation. Another great advantage of Goodwill is the high rate of satisfaction among their employees. The company hires from the weak sections of the employment market by focusing on the immigrant population, individuals with disability, individuals with criminal background, applicants with no experience, and employees with low English skills. Goodwill succeeded in providing adequate training to its workforce, supporting strong culture of respect, providing employees with a great benefit package, and maintaining a positive work environment, which resulted in high employees' morale...
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...used with reference to social and cultural differences rather than biological ones). Often gender and sex are used interchangeably, but gender is socially constructed and sex is biologically determined. The word gender has been used since the 14th century but this did not become common until the mid of 20th century. In human societies sex differences are experienced as gender differences. Concepts of gender are cultural interpretations of sex differences. Gender is related to sex differences. Gender depends on how society views relationship of male to man and female to woman. Every culture has prevailing images of what men and women are ―supposed‖ to be like. The concept of an ideal woman exists in every culture and in every society. The sexual division of labour according to Friedrich Engels, (―The Origin of the Family, Private Property, and the State 1845)‖, showed how changes in the material conditions of people affect the organisation of their family relations. The man took control over the land and later put forcible claims on individual women as their personal...
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