...Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 states equality in education must be enforced regardless of one’s sex or gender orientation. If Title IX claims that equality has to be enforced in school, why are the female student athletes still not being treated as equals to male student athletes? In an article, the schools and adminstrators in charged of regulating the funds for sports argues, “the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and high school administrators complained that boys' sports would suffer if girls' sports had to be funded equally.” Their claim of boys’ sports suffering of loss of athletic opportunities in fact is false, “Overall, men’s athletic opportunities since Title IX’s passage have increased. Title IX has...
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...Would you, as a person be confident enough to interact with people of the opposite sex at your work place or other such important places if you had studied in a segregated school and university? When an individual studies in a university or school that is segregated, they do not know how to interact with the opposite sex, making it much more difficult for them to interact with people in the real world. In today’s generation, one cannot find a job or a workplace that is completely dependent of men or women. It is highly important for the success of a company to have employees of both genders. Coeducation does not only teach students to interact and communicate with people of the opposite gender, but they also learn how others think and hence cover broader aspects of a subject since every individual has a different way of interpreting a topic and subject of discussion. Coeducation has a large number of academic and social benefits, which encourage students to work in groups with members of both genders, learning the skills of team work, interaction and communication (O’Malley, E. 1995, Feb 21). It is not only women who are shy to interact with men, but in universities it has been noticed that men find it easy to deal with women faculty but find it difficult interacting with female students, and this is a skill that needs to be developed (Moussly, R. 2010, Sep 12). Not only does segregation make it difficult for individuals in the real world, but also eventually brings up an awkwardness...
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...counterparts. To assist in that effort, Title IX of the Education Amendment of 1972 was created and implemented. How did Title IX really change the world? More importantly, how did Title IX impact females in the sports world. With that theory mind, the real question should be are women truly equal in the sport world? Is it a possibility to ever be truly equal with all of the obstacles in today’s society? Women in Sports “A strong woman believes that she’s strong enough to face her journey…but a woman of strength has faith that it is in this journey she will become strong!” Maya Angelo. 776 B.C. - The first Olympics are held in ancient Greece. Women are excluded, so they compete every four years in their own Games of Hera, to honor the Greek goddess who ruled over women and the earth. This is the first account of women competing in some type of sports. After many years of discrimination and not being offered the same opportunities, President Nixon signed the Title IX of Education Amendment on June 23th, 1972. Title IX must be explained and explored to how it affected not only women in general but more specifically, women in relation to sports. But after all of the advances with women’s right and freedoms, what struggles do women still face today? Can those struggles be eliminated or will society simple be satisfied and leave well enough along. Purpose of Presentation Women have always been seen as the lesser sex or gender but despite that, women have continually strived...
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...reasons for female achievement in education since the early 1990’s.” Concerns over the link between gender and educational attainment focus mainly on the extent to which males and females perform differently in education and their tendency to study different subjects. However it is not true that males attain more qualifications in general than females at school. Girls have outperformed boys in 16 + examinations since at least the late 1960s but these overall gender differences in educational achievement began to increase in the late 1980s after the introduction of the GCSE. Previously traditional ideas about the proper role of women in society prevented them from achieving their full potential, yet now women have different priorities and are no longer destined to be only housewives and homemakers; women are now expected by society to go to school and get an education. Female aspirations have changed dramatically from the 1970’s to the present; Women have become more than just bearers of children, cooks, cleaners and wives. They are now educated; becoming surgeons, pilots, physiatrists and anything they want to be. An ethnographic study done by sociologist Sue Sharpe: ‘Just like a girl’, found a change in the aspirations of females in an interview conducted in the London borough of Ealing in the 1970’s and early 90’s. Her findings display a major shift in the views of women and education. In the 1970’s women had lower ambitions...
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...exception between the two different decades is the magnitude of such adverse side effects that not only impacts the teenage mother, but others as well. In a majority of instances some sort of family member, or social worker, need to intervene and care for the child (since the mother can still be called one herself). As for my situation, I was very grateful to have both sets of my grandparent’s take over the responsibilities and duties that an adult mother and father typically account for. Granted, there was sufficient assistance to aid my teenage parents, but their irresponsibility, immaturity, and lack of knowledge for the future, divided both families forever. Which brings me to this; should the teenagers be blamed for the high pregnancy rates, or should the blame be laid at the feet of sex education programs and society around them, or rather a culmination of both? I believe we can’t just blame the individuals themselves. I feel it is the utmost responsibility and collective effort from the government, programs, parents, and role models around them to lay down the knowledge they need in order to make appropriate decisions so they can make the most out of their lives as possible. I make this claim because I have involuntarily contributed to the statistical history of such epidemic pregnancy rates and have also witnessed firsthand why my opinion remains...
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...protected the recipient of the bullying, or if they were put in place to not hold schools or districts responsible for the suffering these children went through. In my research I have found there is no federal law that addresses bullying directly. However, schools have an obligation to resolve the harassment, majority of bullying concerns aren’t adequately resolved. Sometimes the bullying escalates after the bully is reprimanded for their actions. When families feel the issue hasn’t been resolved and/or the bullying has worsened, they are able to file a lawsuit against the school or school district. Although there aren’t any federal laws against bullying, there are instances in which bullying overlaps with discrimination which are covered under federal civil rights laws. These laws are enforced by the U.S. Department of Education and the Department of Justice. Whether it the harassment is referred to as bullying, hazing, or teasing, schools are obligated to provide a safe learning environment for all students. This is to be done regardless of race, religion, disability, or sexual orientation. When schools fail to address the harassment appropriately, they are violating the civil rights that are enforced by the Department of Education and Department of Justice. Based in the cases that I’ve studied, as long as the school has investigated and documented the harassment, the school is often not held liable for a student’s emotional...
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...“Affirmative action” means positive steps taken to increase the representation of women and minorities in areas of employment, education, and culture from which they have been historically excluded (Fullinwider, R. (2013). Affirmative Action. In The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved from http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2013/entries/affirmative-action/). In the private sector the affirmative action policies are voluntary and enforced internally, while government mandated policies can be enforced through the courts. Many programs that enforce affirmative action were chosen because of their supposed benefits to the individual, institution or to society. The amount of consideration given to minorities can vary; some employer and schools may give a small amount of weight while other may give a great amount of weight. A low level of affirmative action could be as easy as increasing the number of applicants for jobs or education, while this may bring in more minorities it offers no guarantees that the applicants will be chosen. A step up from the previous action plan would be to give slight preferences to minorities; it would be used as a tiebreaker between two equal applicants, with the job or admission going to the minority. And the plan that most of us are familiar and which is the most aggressive is when a certain number of minorities are chosen regardless of qualifications. This basically means that non-minorities can lose jobs and college admission...
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...Frederick Akoun ENGL 102 Aaron Percich December 6th, 2011 Women’s Rights in Saudi Arabia One of the most driving forces in the world today is the issue of power and who should have it or not have it. Power relates to rights and applies to both males and females alike. Power transcends to human rights and the free will to do as a person wants to do as long as it’s within the boundaries of the rules and regulations that govern a particular place. However, we know that power has been held by an overwhelming majority by males which has led to women being deprived of some of the basic privileges that should be afforded to every human being. There have been varying reasons why women’s rights and privileges have been denied ranging from their biological inferiority to religious reasons. Saudi Arabia is known as the birthplace of Islam. Consequentially, the country adheres to a strict interpretation of Islamic religious law called the Sharia. For example, in Saudi Arabia, men and women are not permitted to attend public events together. Furthermore, men and women are segregated in the work place with men getting finer office spaces and women getting offices that alienate them from public view. In Saudi Arabia, there is an obvious divide of gender roles where men basically have majority of the power while women are afforded very limited rights (Mackey 10). I will be evaluating women’s rights in Saudi Arabia to show how they are denied their basic rights as human beings like economic...
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...Affirmative Case Stella Ladeinde, Caroline Njagi, Twila Shocknesse, SasheetaVinesh NUR/542 April 17, 2012 Lousie Rittmiller Teaching Values in Schools Prescribed by the State or Federal Government Who should assume the burden of teaching values? While acknowledging the role of parents as natural caretakers and guardians, an evolving American society has made the vital task of mentoring children increasingly difficult. There has been an apparent decrease in character and moral reasoning among today's youth. In light of this dilemma, the state government should introduce moral and character building content into the education code and standards as a beneficial alternative to the guidance provided by parents and guardians. Tay and Yildirim (2009) assert that schools have two important goals in the effort to develop morality within educational parameters: To teach the current values in the society and to cultivate positive, beneficial habits through this education. In addition, schools create opportunities for students to discuss these values and to help develop their own. The proposition states that a set of values must be prescribed by the state or federal government and taught in schools. Before determining whether a set of values formulated by government can have a positive impact in school as opposed to those instilled at home by the family, understanding the general framework of values is essential. According to Family Values International Encyclopedia of Marriage...
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...SEX EDUCATION Human sexuality has biological, emotional/physical and spiritual aspects. The biological aspect of sexuality refers to the reproductive mechanism as well as the basic biological drive, Libido that exists in all species, which is hormonally controlled. The emotional or physical aspect of sexuality refers to the bond that exists between individuals, and is expressed through profound feelings or physical manifestations of emotions of love, trust, and caring. There is also a spiritual aspect of sexuality of an individual or as a connection with others. Experience has shown that adolescents are curious about some or all the aspects of their sexuality as well as the nature of sexuality in general, and that many will wish to experience their sexuality. What is sex education? It is instruction on issues relating to human sexuality, including human sexual anatomy, sexual reproduction, sexual intercourse, reproductive health, emotional relations, reproductive rights and responsibilities, abstinence, birth control, and other aspects of human sexual behavior. Common avenues for sex education are parents or caregivers, formal school programs, and public health campaigns. Sex education ('sex ed'), which is sometimes called sexuality education or sex and relationships education, is the process of acquiring information and forming attitudes and beliefs about sex, sexual identity, relationships and intimacy. Sex education is also about developing young people's skills so that...
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...Name Professor’s / Tutor’s Name The Course Number 1 November 2015 Chinese Sex Ratio Imbalance issue 1.0 Introduction According to (Wallace, 415), Chinese economic growth and performance are facing increasing challenges such as contraction of the workforce and slow economic growth. These challenges have been attributed to complications resulting from increasing sex ratio at birth. China has been worst hit by high business cycles such as economic downturn due to the gender imbalance. The complications of gender imbalance have led to severe economic and social problems (Nazareth, 118). The consequences of sex inequality have also resulted in increasing proportion of the low skilled male population. It is estimated that this proportion of low-skilled men could be as high 1:4 by the year 2030.Economists have outlined that reducing sex ratio imbalance might take several decades to bore fruits (Wallace, 321). However, the positive impacts of the reduced population of small unskilled male crime and disaffection could overcome the losses accrued from the higher population and decreased savings (Golley, Jane & Rodney, 197). As per the UN population statistics, China sex ratio got to 120 in the period between 2005 and 2010 compared to an average sex world rate of 107.These statistics made China to a gender imbalance with a high number of women population. This action has been coined as “missing women”. “Missing women” have continued to increase worldwide as the proportion of...
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...THE EFFECTS OF EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY AND AFFIRMATIVE ACTION IN WOMEN SPORTS March, 2007 TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Page i Table of Contents …..……………………………………………………………………2 Section I. Introduction 3 Section II. Review of Literature 4 Equal Employment Opportunity Laws 4 Affirmative Action 6 Effects of EEO and AA on Women Sports 7 Effects on EEO and AA on women playing sports 7 Effects of EEO and AA on women coaching sports 9 Effects of EEO and AA on women in administration………………...11 Section III. Summary and Conclusions 14 References ............... 17 INTRODUCTION Women in sports have indeed come a long way. Years ago it was socially unacceptable for women to do anything other than cook and clean. Men dominated the work place and the sports industry. But eventually women got fed up with being treated less significant than their male counterparts and began protesting. Not until the mid-1950s and early 1960s did nondiscriminatory employment become a strong social concern (Bohlander & Snell, 2004). While women were just beginning to make a name for themselves, the government began regulating Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) by passing a series of laws, in an attempt to correct social problems of interest to particular groups of workers, including women. EEO laws have made a major impact on women in all industries, but especially on women in sports. While EEO laws focused on non-discrimination, affirmative action went beyond...
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...refers to movement between different position within a system of social stratification 1. Horizontal 2. Vertical 3. Structural 4. Exchange Why the class structure is changing -Massive growth in inequality between the rich and the poor. Called the “Great U-Turn” -Shrinking of the working class, with some growth in middle class and working poor. -Growth of poverty and the “underclass” -Rate of poverty is increasing twice as fast as population growth Why income inequality is increasing -Largely due to the increasing concentration of wealth at the very top of the income distribution. consequences of income inequality -High levels of income inequality reduces social cohesion, overall health, overall wealth, and education -Increases crime, debt, and political polarization Social construction of race -Instead, social scientists argue that “race” is socially constructed. Racial categories and the meaning of race vary over time and geographically. Racial status is differentially connected to systems of social inequality. The meaning and inequalities connected with race are constantly defined and contested. Race- Externally imposed, involuntary, hierarchal, exclusive, unequal vs. ethnicity- Cultural/National, voluntary, self-defined, fluid, non-hierarchal...
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...her family. It shapes the child's understanding of self in relation to others. The schools and the teachers play a very important role in a child's formative years The child starts to understand her/his identity beyond the family, role that each one in the society assumes, through friends, teachers in school and most importantly books that they read in class room. A child's understanding of gender specific role gets almost fixed when schooling starts and get re-enforced every day by the behaviors towards them by the teachers, staff, member of the school. They start being actor of the patriarchal system and carry it along much after they have left school. School's ideological stance shapes up the stances of the children. The way children would look at gender relation and role, caste, class, history, etc are depended on how the schools look at these issues. The teachers at the school despite of being a separate identity outside school carry the same ideology of the school within the schools premises. So if a teacher is very caste biased then the children tent to see caste very differently, if a certain teacher has strong and traditional notion towards girls then the students' starts learning them and inculcating them in their life. But what is important is to see what influences the teachers to be what she / he are within the school when she/he might be a totally different person outside the school. The teacher is the figure of authority within the classroom. They have the power...
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...the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance..." —United States Code Section 20. There are most definitely people that would oppose this law, but most can agree. There should not be discrimination to women, and there shouldn’t have been from the start. Title IX provides women freedom to be able to do whatever men can do. Discrimination among women is huge and men feel that some sports should be kept for just men only. “The 1960’s were an especially important decade for transformations in American society, which supported the institution and protected of broad civil rights.” (Title IX: An Overview, Aliprandini, Michael) In 1972, less than 30,000 women nationwide participated in college athletics, while 170,000 men participated, according to the Washington Post. Now that Title IX is active, today more than 180,000 women play sports sponsored by their colleges. ”Women are 45 percent of the athletes at NCAA Division 1 institutions…” (Title IX: An Overview, Aliprandini, Michael) This shows that women have wanted to be involved in sports for a while. The number of women playing in college sports has increased 150,000 since Title IX started. This shows that women really have fought and are completely against the discrimination. “The law is applicable to all schools, colleges, and universities that receive...
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