...BRAC Bank Limited is a scheduled commercial bank in Bangladesh. It established in Bangladesh under the Banking Companies Act, 1991 and incorporated as private limited company on May 20, 1999 under the Companies Act, 1994. Its operation started on July 4, 2001 with a vision to be the market leader through to providing all sorts’ support to people in term of promoting corporate and small entrepreneurs and individuals all over the Bangladesh. BRAC Bank will be a unique organization in Bangladesh. The Bank consists of major divisions named 1) Corporate banking, 2) Retail banking, 3) Treasury, 4) Small & Medium Enterprise (SME). At present the Bank operating its business by 26 Branches. BRAC Bank is the first local commercial banks that proving online banking service to its customers from the very beginning of its starts. BRAC Bank, for the first time among local commercial banks, starts providing loan facilities to small and medium trading, manufacturing and service oriented enterprises all over the country. BRAC Bank Limited is a scheduled commercial bank in Bangladesh. It established in Bangladesh under the Banking Companies Act, 1991 and incorporated as private limited company on 20 May 1999 under the Companies Act, 1994. BRAC Bank will be a unique organization in Bangladesh. The primary objective of the Bank is to provide all kinds of banking business. At the very beginning the Bank faced some legal obligation because the High Court of Bangladesh suspended activity...
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...many other countries and has become a matter of international concern. The number of countries experiencing significant banking problems has increased substantially in recent years - hitting industrial and developing countries alike - and the high costs and macroeconomic disruptions caused by banking crises have become a matter of increasing concern to the international financial community. Not since the Great Depression of the 1930's have so many banks failed as in the 1980's and the 1990's. A recent survey by the International Monetary Fund reported banking problems in 131 of its 181 member countries over this period, ranging from outright systemic crises to isolated causes of failing banks. We all remember the collapse of the Bank of Credit and Commerce International (BCCI) in 1990. There was the much publicised savings and loan debacle in the United States which cost some $150 billion. In Latin America, banks in four countries - Venezuela, Brazil, Mexico and Argentina - have recently had to struggle with crises of varying degrees of severity. The Scandinavian countries have also had their fair share of problems. In addition to these, there have been some very serious individual problems such as the collapse in February, 1995, of Britain's Barings Bank under the weight of ill-advised derivative deals carried out by a rogue trader. We recall. also the case of Credit Lyonnais, a state owned French Bank, which ran up losses of some...
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...Preclude Credit is an arrangement whereby bank acting at the request and on the instructions of a customer or on its own behalf to make a payment to or to the order of a third party or is to accept and pay bills of exchange drawn by the beneficiary. In an economy banks play the role of an intermediary that channels resources from the surplus group to the deficit group. So obviously one of the core functions of Commercial banks is to sanction Credit facility to it’s customers as per requirement. UTTARA BANK LTD. Bank’s Mission is to actively participate in the growth and expansion of our national economy by providing Credit to various customers in most efficient way of delivery and at a competitive price. Risk is inherent in all aspects of a commercial operation; however for Banks and financial institutions, credit risk is an essential factor that needs to be managed. Credit risk is the possibility that a borrower or counter party may fail to meet its obligations in accordance with agreed terms. Credit risk therefore, arises from the bank’s dealings with or lending to corporate, individuals and other banks or financial institutions. In general, a banking system aggregates a high number of low value deposits to fund enterprises with a smaller number of high value loans. This intermediation through a well functioning bank helps to achieve some economic benefits for the depositors, the borrowers and above all -- the economy. The Bank must allocate loans effectively for achieving...
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...1 Introduction Retail banking is quite broad in nature - it refers to the dealing of commercial banks with individual customers, both on liabilities and assets sides of the balance sheet. Fixed, current / savings accounts on the liabilities side; and mortgages, loans (e.g., personal, housing, auto, and educational) on the assets side, are the more important of the products offered by banks. Related ancillary services include credit cards, or depository services. Today’s retail banking sector is characterized by three basic characteristics: * Multiple products (deposits, credit cards, insurance, investments and securities) * Multiple channels of distribution (call centre, branch, Internet and kiosk) * Multiple customer groups (consumer, small business, and corporate) Retail banking is banking in which banking institutions execute transactions directly with consumers, rather than corporations or other banks. A sound and evolved banking system is essential for sustained economic development. India is one of the fastest growing economies after financial and banking sector reforms since 1991. Banking sector evolution and growth has gone through innumerable twists and turns in the post independence era. Retail banking in the banking industry has always been important in India where banks were nationalized with the objective of reaching the masses. However, the growth in retail banking has been quite prominent retail in the recent years. Retail banking has been facilitated...
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...theory that they proposed was based on mudaraba and musharakah contracts as mechanism to operate Islamic banking system. “The early contributions on the theory of Islamic banking were only discussed as part of the subject in Islamic economic system. For example, the book by Qureshi on Islam and the Theory of Interest (Qureshi (l946)) which looked upon banking as a social service that should be sponsored by the government like other public institutions such as public health and education.2 His view was based on the point that the bank could neither pay any interest to account holders nor charge any interest on loans advanced. He also suggests the possibility for both Islamic banks and entrepreneur to create a partnership. No mention was made of profit-sharing.” Other economists were come up with different ideas at earlier stages such “the principle of mudarabah was appealed systematically by Uzair (l955). His main contribution lay in suggesting mudarabah as the main premise for 'interest less banking'. However, his argument that the Islamic bank should not make any capital investment with its own deposits rendered his analysis somewhat impractical. Al-Arabi (l966) also suggested a banking system with mudarabah as the...
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...Economics and Management in Developing Countries INSEAD P4 Assignment MICROFINANCE in INDONESIA By Dewi BRAMONO Ming CHUNG Yoonmi EOM Kevin LAM Yenn Khan Executive Summary • • Microfinance in Indonesia can be traced back to more than a century ago, where village credit organizations (BKDs) offered small loans to villagers. Today, BRI unit desa of Indonesia is one of the most successful and profitable microfinance institutions in the world with more than 3.1 million borrowers with a gross loan portfolio of more than USD 1.7b as of Dec 2003. Indonesia’s successful experience in microfinance is further shown during the hard-hitting Asian Financial Crisis in 1997 to 1998. At a time when commercial banks were collapsing, savings in microfinance institutions rose from IDR 8 trillion in 1997 to about IDR16 trillion in 1998, as depositors sought the stability of these institutions. There are however some outstanding issues: o Inadequate outreach to the rural community o Politics impact the microfinance efforts negatively o Lack of awareness of microfinance among stakeholders o Microfinance may not be the answer for the poorest of the poor. Recommendations include: o Greater co-ordination required with the NGOs to target the poorest of poor, especially in the rural areas(through aid, training and provision of the infrastructure) o Increase the awareness of the benefits of microfinance, and to educate stakeholders accordingly. • • • Page 1 of 12 Economics and Management...
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...Business and Industrial Analysis June 1997 ESA/OPA 97-6 Structural Change in Banking: the Role of Information Technology Structural Change in Banking: the Role of Information Technology ABSTRACT Commercial bank investment in information technology (IT) equipment has grown rapidly, from $104 million in 1960 to more than $10 billion in 1994. These investments in “hard” technologies (computer hardware, software, telecommunications equipment, etc.) have been accompanied by increases in "soft" technologies, for example, complex financial innovations that were infeasible on a large scale without IT hardware. These developments, together with deregulation, are creating new competitors, new financial markets and instruments, and a new role for commercial banks as providers of financial services. This study documents how changes in information technology have affected the role of banks in financial markets and have influenced changes in the structure and performance of the U.S. banking industry. The analysis also covers new, fast-growing financial innovations linked to IT investment e.g., asset securitization and derivatives. IT’s effect on the banking industry has been positive. Increased competition has caused banks to lose traditional customers, but IT enabled the banks to offer new products, expand into nontraditional areas, operate more efficiently, and minimize risk. The aggregate economy is better off because of a more efficient financial industry and because of the increased...
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...Intern Report On Customer Service analysis with the overview of marketing and promotional activities of BRAC BANK LTD. SUBMITTED TO 1. Mr. SUNTU KUMAR GHOSH SENIOR LECTURER BBS BRAC UNIVRESITY 2. Ms. Sharmin Shabnam Rahman Lecturer BBS Brac University SUBMITTED BY JOYDEEP SINHA ROY 06304025 DATE OF SUBMISSION: 11th MAY, 2010 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL 11th May, 2010 To Mr.Suntu Kumar Ghosh Senior Lecturer Brac University Subject: Internship Report submission Dear Sir, With due respect, I have the pleasure to submit my internship report on “Customer Service analysis with the overview of marketing and promotional activities” to partially fulfill the requirements of the bachelor degree under your supervision. It has been a worthwhile experience for me undertaking such a report work to get exposure to the real life of a banking organization. I have tried my best to satisfy the academic requirements. In my report, I have tried to reflect a partial scenario of the activities of local private banks of Bangladesh. I have used both primary and secondary data and have tried to prepare the according to your instructions. I also confess that this report has some limitations as well because I got limited resources. So I hope that you will be kind enough to...
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...Executive Summary Banks and other financial institutions play an important role in the financial intermediation and thereby contribute to the overall economy. Standard Bank Limited started banking operation on 11th of May, 1999 & commenced commercial operation on 3rd June, 1999; and since then it is trying to satisfy customers’ needs in full speed. The credit department of the bank plays a vital role in keeping its operation smooth. In the case, the relationship of banker & customer take the form of creditor and debtor. Standard Bank offers different types of loans and advances, which are mainly, categorized under 2 heads, namely Small Enterprise Loan & Consumer Financing. The various types of loans that fall under the category of Small Enterprise Loan are: Easy Commercial Loan, Retailers Loan, Transport Loan, Commercial House Building Loan, Possession Right Loan, Contractor’s Loan, Letter of Guarantee, Working Capital Loan, Letter of Credit, Loan against Imported Merchandise, Loan against Trust Receipt, Builders’ Loan, & Project Loan. And the loans under Consumer Financing are: Easy Loan, Consumer Durable Loan, Parua Loan, Thikana Loan, Flexi Loan, Peshajeebi Loan. This report highlights the loan policies of Standard Bank Limited; explain different issues regarding the disbursement of loans such as: sector where loans are provided, purposes of the loan, eligibility to get loans, documents required, interest charged on loans, & also the rate of penal interest in case of...
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...Indo-U.S. Relations in the Post Cold - War Period (1992-2006) By Debasish Nandi Supervisor : Dr. Abhijit Ghosh October, 2012 Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment to the Ph.D (Arts) Degree in Political Science Department of Political Science, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan, Pin - 713104, West Bengal, India. Content Page No. 1. Preface 2. Acknowledgement I-II III 3. Abbreviations IV-VI 4. Chapter - 1 : Introduction 1-10 5.Chapter - 2 : Indo-U.S. Relations in the Cold War Period 11-41 6.Chapter - 3 : Indo-US Diplomatic Ties in the Post- Cold War Period 42-79 7.Chapter - 4 : Indo-U.S. Economic, Technological and Scientific Co-operation 80-131 8.Chapter - 5 : 9/11 Incident: US Attitude towards Terrorism Vis-à-vis India and Pakistan 132-169 9.Chapter - 6 : India’s Nuclear Links with the USA 170-204 10. Chapter - 7 : Conclusion 205-214 11. Select Bibliography 215-237 Preface Indo-U.S. relations constitute important and influential relations in this world politics. It influences not only the U.S.-Pakistani and the Sino-Indian relations to a great extent; ‘Indo-U.S. relations in the post-Cold War period (1992-2006)’ has been the title of the present dissertation. Beginning against the back ground of the U.S.-Pakistani Arms Assistance Agreement of 1954, the Indo-U.S. relations had witnessed many ups and down in the following years. For example, there had been flourishes...
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.................16 2.2. The M&A practice in European countries…………………………………….16 2.3. The M&A experience in USA…………………………………………………22 CHAPTER 3 Mergers and acquisitions in Ukraine.....................................................32 3.2. Legislature of Ukraine in the sphere of M&A………………………………...32 3.3. M&A of Ukrainian corporations…………………………………………........33 3.4. M&A of Ukrainian banks……………………………………………………..40 CONCLUSION...........................................................................................................46 REFERENCES...........................….………………………………………………...48 PREFACE Strategic factor in the success of companies on global markets and increasing international competitiveness is the growth their market value. Current global trends show an increasing relevance of financial management, which deals with the dynamics of cost and capital structure of companies, institutions of financial flows. Achieve business objectives may be able through funding than their own and borrowed funds and restructuring of companies through mergers or acquisitions. Recently, throughout the world there is an increasing trend on transaction captures, purchase, friendly acquisitions and allocations, corporatization and privatization, diversification. Grim relentless competition requires from Ukrainian producers to making strategic decisions on expansion...
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...Bangladesh Bangladesh is important to world energy markets because of its large potential natural gas reserves. Bangladesh's location near India, plus southeast Asia, also makes it a potentially important regional energy trading hub. Note: information contained in this report is the best available as of February 2002 and can change. GENERAL BACKGROUND Bangladesh has received more than $30 billion in disbursed grant aid and loans from foreign donors (including the World Bank, the Asian Development Bank, the U.N. Development Program, the United States, Japan, Saudi Arabia, and Western Europe) since its independence in 1971, but remains one of the poorest and most densely populated countries in the world. Bangladesh historically has run a large trade deficit, which it finances largely through foreign aid and remittances from the many Bangladeshi workers abroad (largely in the Persian Gulf region). Overall, foreign aid provides Bangladesh with around 40% of government revenues and 50% of foreign exchange. The World Trade Organization (WTO) has stated that Bangladesh's main problems include civil unrest and political instability, natural disasters, and inadequate infrastructure. Bangladesh is primarily agricultural (around two-thirds of the labor force and 35% of the gross domestic product -- GDP), although urbanization is proceeding rapidly. This heavy reliance on agriculture makes Bangladesh vulnerable to natural disasters such as cyclones, floods, and droughts, as well...
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...which are known as its foreign affiliates. According to a report of international labour office the essential nature of multinational enterprises lies in the fact that its managerial headquarters are located in one country while the enterprise carries out operations in a number of other countries as well.´ CHARACTERISTICS OF MNC: * Large size * Worldwide operations * Centralized control * Sophisticated technology * Professional management * International market * High brand equity ROLES OF MNC 1) MNC’s help to increases the investment level & thereby the income & employment in host country. 2) The transnational corporations have become vehicles for the transfer technology, especially to developing countries. 3) They also initiate a managerial revolution in host countries through professional management and employment of highly sophisticated management techniques. 4) The MNCs enable that host countries to increases their exports & decreases their import requirements. 5) They work to equalize cost of factors of production around the world. 6) MNC’s provide and efficient means of integrating national economies. 7) The enormous resources of multinational enterprises enable them to have very efficient research & development systems. Thus, they make a commendable contribution to inventions & innovations. 8) MNC’s also stimulate domestic enterprise because to support their own operations, the MNC’s...
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...Armed Conflict in Syria: Background and U.S. Response Jeremy M. Sharp Specialist in Middle Eastern Affairs Christopher M. Blanchard Specialist in Middle Eastern Affairs September 6, 2013 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RL33487 Armed Conflict in Syria: Background and U.S. Response Summary The popular-uprising-turned-armed-rebellion in Syria is in its third year, and seems poised to continue, with the government and an array of militias locked in a bloody struggle of attrition. Members of Congress and Administration officials are debating options for responding militarily to President Bashar al Asad’s forces’ reported use of chemical weapons in attacks on rebel-held areas and civilians. After the U.S. intelligence community concluded that Asad’s forces used weapons in limited attacks earlier this year, the Obama Administration had signaled a pending expansion of U.S. civilian and military assistance to the opposition. Earlier in the conflict, U.S. officials and many analysts asserted that President Asad and his supporters would be forced from power, but had difficulty articulating how that outcome would take place within the timeframes they set forth. Recent developments suggest that both the opposition and the Asad regime face considerable challenges in their attempts to assert greater control over Syria. Increasingly, analysts have focused on the potential for the regime and its opponents to carve out strongholds and prolong the fighting. Rapid escalation...
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...crhttp://www.reportlinker.com/p0168574-summary/Country-Analysis-Report-South-Africa-In-depth-PESTLE-Insights.html Introduction The country analysis report on South Africa provides a wide array of analytical inputs to analyze the country’s performance, and the objective is to help the reader to make business decisions and prepare for the future. The report on South Africa analyzes the political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental (PESTLE) structure of South Africa. The report provides a holistic view of South Africa from historical, current and future perspective. Insightful analysis on critical current and future issues is presented through detailed SCPT (strengths, challenges, prospects and threats /risks) analysis for each of the PESTLE segments. In addition, the PESTLE segments are supplemented with relevant quantitative data to support trend analysis. The PESTLE country analysis report series provides an in-depth analysis of 50 major countries. Features and Benefits • Understanding gained from the country analysis report on South Africa can be used to plan business investments or market entry apart from a holistic view of the country. • Political section on South Africa provides inputs about the political system, key figures in the country, and governance indicators. • Economic section on South Africa outlines the economic story of the country to provide a balanced assessment on core macro-economic issues. • Social section on South Africa...
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