...HINDU MARRIAGE Who are ‘Hindus’? Under Old Hindu Law: In the case of Yagnapurusdasji vs Muldas, AIR 1966 SC 1119: The working formula of Tilak regarding the Hindu religion was accepted by the Supreme Court of India: Acceptance of Vedas with reverence, Recognition of the fact that the means or ways of salvation are diverse and Realization of the truth that the number of gods to be worshipped is large, That indeed is the distinguishing feature of Hindu religion. Under Modern Hindu Law: Under Hindu Law, The Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 governs the law relating to marriage and divorce. In order to understand whom The Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 (the HM Act) applies to, we must identify the classes of people covered by the term Hindu‘. This can be problematic, as it is difficult to ascertain the definitive meaning or scope of Hinduism — and so, there is no fixed criterion to determine who is a Hindu either. However, the HM Act assumes that certain classes of people are Hindus and excludes certain other classes from the ambit of this term. Nothing contained in this Act shall apply to the members of any Scheduled Tribe within the meaning of clause (25) of article 366 of the Constitution unless the Central Government, by notification in the Official Gazette, otherwise directs. After the codification of Hindu law, it gives the negative definition also: A person who was not a Muslim, Christian, Parsi or Jew was a Hindu. The following chart lists out the various categories of people...
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...Jainism vs. Sikhism Worksheet Rebecca Viramontes REL 133 June 2, 2015 Rev Dr Dwight Cooper ------------------------------------------------- University of Phoenix Material Jainism vs. Sikhism Part I Read the assigned chapters for the week and complete the following table. Be as specific as possible when identifying practices, beliefs, rituals, and historical elements. Cite sources in APA formatting. Core Beliefs | Jainism | Sikhism | | 1. Ahimsa- nonviolence belief means extremely gentle or harmless. This is the core belief in Jainism. It includes avoiding occupations that may harm other living animals including insects, using items made from animals such as leather and feathers. | 1. Have allowed for the religion to develop military defense. Because on the early Gurus was murdered as a martyr the military or body guard sect was formed. These soldiers are known as the Khalsa. | | 2. Non-Lying- Jains must practice telling truths. This means avoiding exaggeration and falsehoods. Nonstealing- It is practicing the basic concept of not taking any possession that is not one. Items must be giving freely. This is caused by desire and wanting to inflict pain on others. | 2. Sikhs are allowed to eat meat and do not have a diet system as strict as other Hindu religions. | | 3. Rejects the belief in a creator, instead believe that the universe was created by natural forces in motion | 3. Sikhs believe that the universe was created by one God. ...
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...University of Phoenix Material Jainism vs. Sikhism Part I Read the assigned chapters for the week and complete the following table. Be as specific as possible when identifying practices, beliefs, rituals, and historical elements. Cite sources in APA formatting. |Core Beliefs |Jainism |Sikhism | | |1.Ahimsa- Peaceableness which method is gentle or harmless. |1.Admit that religion is grown in military defense. Due to in | | |This is the core belief in Jainism. This allows avoiding |the beginning the Gurus was murdered as a martyr in the | | |activity that can harm living things along with insects. |military, or else in body guard form. The soldiers are known | | | |as Khalsa. | | |2.Non-Living Jains require to practice convincing truths. This|2.Sikhs endure to eat meat and do not have a diet system that | | |means they also avoid overstating false things. Nonstealing- |is disciplinary like the Hindu religion. | | |this means a repeat of action to the basic concept of not | | | ...
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...Chapter 19: Southwest Asia and the Indian Ocean, 1500-1750 (484-509) Thesis: From 1500 to 1750, Asians and Africans focused on conquering territory, however, stock companies, imperial wealth of monopolies, taxation, and intellectual creativity allowed fundamental luxury to circulate. I. The Ottoman Empire, to 1750 * After the Mongols, the Muslim Ottomans’ centralized governmental system proved to be somewhat ineffective for long-term control. A. Expansion and Frontiers * Osman, Gallipoli (connection b/t Euro & Asia), and army (Christian prisoners, gunpowder, cavalry) laid foundation for empire; initially focused on Chris. enemies, siege to Constantinople (Mehmed), Red Sea as well; Suleiman the Magnificent attacked Chris Europe, significant because he paved the way for conversions, some more brutal than others * Wanted to control Mediterranean tributary payments after conquer but allowed trading with acknowledgment; Portuguese threats remained unconsidered, as Ottomans cared little for merchant vessels attempting to usurp authority: important because lack of protection signified inevitable vulnerability in the Ottoman future. B. Central Institutions * Christian prisoners slaves/ Janissary from selection/ devshirme: children, language, promising received education, Islam/liberal/military arts produced scholars; cosmopolitan through Osmanli, grammar, vocab used by askeri/ mili. class (also included Jews), important because land...
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...UNIFORM CIVIL CODE AND ROLE OF INDIAN JUDICIARY CONCEPT AND MEANING OF UNIFORM CIVIL CODE The expression ‘Uniform Civil Code (UCC)’ consists of three terms- ‘Uniform’, ‘Civil’, ‘Code’. The word ‘Uniform’ means one and the same in all circumstances whatsoever; the term ‘Civil’ has been derived from the latin word ‘Civils’ meaning citizen when used as an adjective to the term ‘law’, it means pertaining to the private rights and remedies of a citizen, as distinguished criminal, political, etc. The word ‘Code’ is derived from the Latin word ‘Codex’ which means a book. Therefore, the term ‘Civil Code’ is read in conjunction with the adjective ‘Uniform’ it connotes a code which shall be uniformly applicable to all citizens irrespective of their religion, race, sex, caste and creed. Uniform Civil Code, therefore, generally refers to that part of law which deals with family affairs of an individual and denotes uniform law for all citizens, irrespective of his/her religion, caste or tribe. UNIFORM CIVIL CODE AND INDIAN CONSTITUTION Article 44 of the Constitution of India requires the state to secure for the citizens of India a Uniform Civil Code throughout the territory of India. India is a unique blend and merger of codified personal laws of Hindus, Christians, Parsis and to some extent of laws of Muslims. However, there exists no uniform family related law in a single statutory book for all Indians which are universally acceptable to all religious communities who co-exist...
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...Stereotypes against minorities through film Introduction: Stereotyping against minorities had been an issue since the 20th century and since then the minorities had been protesting against the discrimination and inequality in entertainment industries. This includes the discrimination in vote, ownership, basic human rights and social rights which led to the stride of the minorities to protest for the equal rights living in a country. For example in America, the black Americans were hunted and lynched by the white Americans and it was celebrated as a sport. So in mid of 20th century, although the black Americans got their freedom, they still faced the color racism by the majority of America. Stereotyping against minorities through entertainment started at the start of the entertainment industry in the world. Unfortunately, stereotyping against the minorities through media was also recorded by the film’s historians. Considering the example of Joseph Goebbels, who was the propaganda general during World War 2 and he was considered to be the founder of the discrimination portrayed in his directed films. During Nazi Regime, there were many stereotyping against the Jews and this discrimination was proudly displayed by the Goebbels propaganda they specifically targeted the Jewish controlled organization and they were negatively portrayed in the entire film. However these stereotyping ended by the end of National Socialist Party but sadly the practice of stereotyping the minorities...
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...course of the arts of India, and consequently, the rest of Asia. Arts refer to paintings, architecture, literature, music, dance, languages and cinema. In early India, most of the arts were derived Vedic influences. After the birth of contemporary Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism, and Sikhism arts flourished under the patronage of kings and emperors. The coming of Islam spawned a whole new era of Indian architecture and art. Finally the British brought their own Gothic and Roman influences and fused it with the Indian style. They have a culture infusion in their art. Contents [hide] 1 Architecture 2 Literature 3 Music 4 Dance 5 Sculpture 6 Painting 7 Cinema 8 Radio 9 Television 9.1 Major events 9.2 Professional events 9.3 Amateur events 10 References 11 External links Architecture[edit] Main article: Architecture of India This article contains wording that promotes the subject in a subjective manner without imparting real information. Please remove or replace such wording and instead of making proclamations about a subject's importance, use facts and attribution to demonstrate that importance. (October 2009) Indian architecture is that vast tapestry of production of the Indian subcontinent that encompasses a multitude of expressions over space and time, transformed by the forces of history considered unique to the sub-continent, sometimes destroying, but most of the time absorbing. The result is an evolving range of architectural production that nonetheless...
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...Instructor Name: Professor Alicia Plant Reference Cite for the book: Fisher, M. P. (2014). Living religions (9th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. Week 1 Discussion for World Religions – REL212 "Understanding Religions and Indigenous Sacred Ways" Please respond to the following: Define indigenous religion, and describe at least one aspect of indigenous religions that exists in a similar form in a traditional mainstream religion. Define religion, and discuss why it is useful in society. Explain why it is important for you personally to understand the beliefs of other religious groups. Unlike many of the world’s major religions, indigenous religions often centers their spirituality within the context of the natural world and on particular geographic features, including bodies of water, trees, mountains, animals and everything is perceived as being alive with sacred existence. The word indigenous means originated in, and thus the term indigenous religion means the original religion of a place. Indigenous religions in the majority include those not considered to be 'world religions', such as Christianity, Islam, and Buddhism, but instead are often rural in nature, do not seek converts, and identify with specific ethnic groups. One aspect of indigenous religions that exists in a similar form in a traditional mainstream religion is African indigenous tradition is conceived as continuum, that follows the process of birth, death and rebirth, the same as Christians...
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...Unit 1 Hindu Law From thousands of years people living in the Indian subcontinent have been leading their lives by following the guidelines and concepts given in the Vedas. These guidelines have evolved into rules followed by the people and enforced by the rulers and have thus become de facto law. In this modern times, the same laws have been retrofitted to suit present conditions and have been codified in the form of several acts of which the important ones are - Hindu Marriage Act 1955, Hindu Adoption and Maintenance Act 1956, Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act 1956, and Hindu Succession Act 1956. Application of Hindu Law A precise definition of Hinduism does not exist. Hence, it is impossible to define a fixed criteria for determining who is a Hindu. So a negative definition of 'who is not a Hindu' is used. Further, in this land, several religions have been born and they they follow the same customs and practices. So it cannot be said that Hindu Law can be applied only to people who are Hindus by religion. Due to these reasons, in general, the following people are considered to be Hindu with respect to application of Hindu Law. 1. Hindu by Religion - A person who is Hindu, Jain, Bauddha, or Sikh by religion. In Shastri v Muldas SC AIR 1961, SC has held that various sub sects of Hindus such as Swaminarayan, Satsangis, Arya Samajis are also Hindus by religion because they follow the same basic concept of Hindu Philosophy. Converts and Reconverts are also Hindus...
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...UNRAVELLING THE NORTH-SOUTH DIVIDE DISCUSSION GROUP IV Content Page Content Page 1. Introduction.…………………………………………………………………………… 1 1.1 Methodology…………………………………………………………………. 3 2. North-South Divide 2.1 Language Binary..…………………………………………………………….. 2.1.1 Northern Indians, Sanskrit, Hindi and Influence of English.………..4 2.1.2 Northern Indians, Sanskrit, Punjabi and Influence of English………4 2.1.3 Southern Indians, Tamil and Influence of English….…………...…. 5 2.1.4 Southern Indians, Telugu and Influence of English…………………6 2.2 Religious Binary.………..………………….………………………………… 7 2.2.1 Hinduism ………….……………………………………………….. 7 2.2.2 Islam.………….……………………………………………………. 12 2.2.3 Inter-religious Interaction.…….…….……………………………… 13 2.2.4 Evaluation..…………………………………………………………. 13 2.3 Economic Binary.………………………………....…………………..……… 14 2.3.1 Introduction………………………………………………………… 14 2.3.2 Indians in Colonial Singapore……………………………………… 14 2.3.3 During Japanese Occupation……………………………………….. 17 2.3.4 Post War to Present Day Singapore………………………………… 17 2.4 Cultural Binary.………………………………………………………………. 18 2.4.1 Word “Raga”.………………………………………………………. 19 2.4.2 South Indian Music…………………………………………….…… 21 3. Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………….…….. 23 4. Bibliography …………………………………………………………….……………... 26 5. Appendix A…………………………………………………………….……………….. 28 1. Introduction India, the second most populous country in the world, is home to a rich diversity...
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...SECULARISM IN INDIA : CONCEPT & PRACTICE Dr. Shriram Yerankar Associate Professor & Head, Deptt. of Political Science, Jijamata College, Buldana (M.S.) shriramyerankar@gmail.com Historical Background : The concept of secularism as we take it to mean today had originated in the 13th century Europe. But we can trace the philosophical concept of secularism in the writings of Kautilya, a thinker of ancient India, who lived in the 3rd century B.C. The history of Indian secularism the protest movements in the 5th century B.C. The three main protest movements were by the Charvaks, Buddhism and Jainism. All three of them rejected the authority of the Vedas and any importance of belief in a deity. It can thus be seen that the ancient thought had a profound impact on the development of the theory of secularism over the centuries. Writers differ about the origin of the concept of secularism as to whether it had its roots in the eastern or the western thought. D. E Smith says, “The Secular State is, in origin, a western not an Asian Conception. This is not to deny the obvious fact the certain elements of the ‘secular state – have a long tradition in Asia.’ The term “Secularism” was first used by the British writer George Holyoake in 1851. Although the term was new...
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...Implementation and Standardization Strategies Success in today’s business world implies that all aspects of planning be utilized to the fullest. This includes the analysis segmentation and targeting of a potential market to facilitate sales whether retail, local, or global. When these protocol are combined this results in implementation and standardization strategies. Current research also show that, “targeting implementation also implies developing media and message strategies to reach each selected segment”(Johansson, 2009). Team A will construct a document that reviews the implementation strategy for their products which includes the protocol to be used in the global standardization of the merchandise. Factors influencing local and foreign buyer behavior There are many factors that could influence the local and foreign buyer behavior but in this paper, we will focus on four major aspects of influencing. The four key components that we will elaborate on are Cultural, Social, Personal, and Psychological factors. These four key components can be interchanged on the local and foreign buyers market. Understand these particular factors will not only be a good basis for a successful product launch but it can also help bridge the gap within global affairs and communication. Cultural factors involve many situations depending on the country of orgin, or if there is a specific need for the product within that country. According to Perrau, Culture is essential when it comes...
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...PAPER 28 THE HISTORY OF THE INDIAN SUBCONTINENT FROM THE LATE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY TO THE PRESENT DAY READING LIST: 2012-13 C. A. Bayly cab1002@cam.ac.uk 1 The History of The Indian Subcontinent From The Late Eighteenth Century To The Present Day A fifth of the world's population lives in the Indian subcontinent. While today the region’s place in the global world order is widely recognised, this is in fact only the most recent chapter in a longer history. This paper offers an understanding of the part played by the Indian subcontinent role and its people in the making of the modern world. From the decline of the great empire of the Mughals and the rise of British hegemony, to the rise of nationalism, the coming of independence and partition, the consolidation of new nation states despite regional wars and conflicts, and the emergence of India as the largest democracy in the world, this paper is a comprehensive and analytical survey of the subcontinent's modern history. The dynamic and complex relationships between changing forms of political power and religious identities, economic transformations, and social and cultural change are studied in the period from 1757 to 2007. In normal circumstances students will be given 6 supervisions in groups of 1 or 2. Key themes and brief overview: The paper begins by examining the rise of British power in the context of economic developments indigenous to southern Asia; it analyses the role played by Indian polities and social groups...
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...Vincent Coughlin PATHE 200 Final Project Spring/15 RELIGION AND SPIRITUALITY IN MEDICINE THESIS STATEMENT: Patients with multiple religious beliefs are treated everyday by emergency care workers which creates a void in respect towards the patient and their beliefs if the proper training and knowledge are lacking. INTRODUCTION When the subject of religion and spirituality come up in conversation in the governmental arena most people will argue that they are both on separate planes and should remain that way. But when people were asked if there is a place for religion in the medical field, the majority of those asked will say that they would prefer their physicians inquire about their individual faith and beliefs. In fact, polls indicate that the U.S. Population is highly religious; that most people believe in Heaven and hell. The same people also believe in the healing power of prayer and the capacity of faith to aid in the recovery from disease (N.E.J.O.M. 342). Religion and Spirituality have become an intricate part of patient care in the last 20 plus years. Religion is understood as a set of beliefs, rituals and practices usually embodied within an institution or an organization. Religion is more generalized and all-inclusive. Spirituality is more defined and specific to each individuals Religion. Spirituality is thought of as a search for what is sacred in life, one’s deepest values, along with a relationship with God...
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...HONOUR KILLING: MURDER IN THE NAME OF HONOUR CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Honour killing is a deep rooted brutal and burning human rights issue in India and other countries. Women particularly are the victims of the gross violation. They exist all over the world but no religion stipulates them. Outdated traditions and alleged honour violating behaviour are the motive for these crimes. The victims are almost always female. Young, unmarried women can "dishonour" their families easily. Every year hundreds of women are killed in India in the name of honour and many cases go unreported and almost all of them go unpunished. The criminal justice system is unable to combat it though it is claimed that the criminal justice system is the most legitimate institution to control this practice in the country. Honour is the most precious moral attribute of mankind. It is deeply ingrained in its nature. Defence of honour even at the cost of life has been prevalent in human beings since ages. It is a commonwealth of close blood relatives. Defilement of honour is taken as the most atrocious social crime and its redemption becomes a joint and sacred duty of close-knit people. Debased groups have a soft approach towards transgression of honour. The sentimental chord dormant in them may react at times; its degree may vary from group to group. Tradition-bound rural societies invariably react violently for the redemption of their honour. To them honour is dearer than life. Honour killings...
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