...CHAPTER 1 Programs that make a computer useful for everyday tasks are known as ___. Application Software ****** Which of the following is not an example of operating system software? Microsoft Word ****** What function(s) does an interpreter perform with the instructions in a high-level programming language? Translates and Execute ****** The term used for a set of rules that must be strictly followed when writing a program is: Syntax ****** ____ was the first high-level programming language designed that could perform complex mathematical calculations. FORTRAN ****** Which computer language uses short words known as mnemonics for writing programs? Assembly ****** The process known as the ____ cycle is used by the CPU to execute instructions in a program. Fetch-decode-execute ****** Which of the following is not a microprocessor manufacturing company? Dell ****** The following is an example of an instruction written in which computer language? 10110000 Machine language ****** What is the encoding technique called that is used to store negative numbers in the computer’s memory? Twos complement ****** The ______ coding scheme contains a set of 128 numeric codes that are used to represent characters in a computer's memory. ASCII ****** What is the largest value that can be stored in one byte? 255 ****** The smallest storage location in a computer’s memory is known as a ______. bit ****** The disk drive is a secondary storage device that stores...
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...|[pic] |Course Syllabus | | |Information Systems & Technology | | |PRG/211 Version 4 | | |Algorithms and Logic for Computer Programming | Copyright © 2012, 2011, 2010 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course provides students with a basic understanding of programming development practices. Concepts covered include the application of algorithms and logic to the design and development of procedural and object oriented computer programs to address the problem solving requirements associated with business information systems. This course will cover procedural programming concepts including data types, controls structures, functional decomposition, arrays, and files, classes and objects. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: • University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document...
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...developer to understand (or yourself a year later). Don't optimize for performance unless there's empirical evidence that it is needed. Be wary of building or using frameworks that make the application harder to understand. If you do need a framework (e.g. Spring for dependency injection), make sure the application's business logic isn't tied to the framework in any way. Maintainability Good naming is crucial. You should be able to read the code aloud, and a person listening to you should be able to understand what the code you are reading does Put responsibilities in the right place. Enforce a clean separation of the application's layers. For example, the UI code should not know anything about the database structure. Use well-known patterns and common idioms for the language. Maintain consistency at the module, application, and team level. There's always more than one way to do something, but doing it consistently is more important than finding the absolute best way. Information Classification: Limited Access Refactor your application code aggressively to maintain design quality in the face of changing requirements. Testing Use automated unit and regression tests to verify business functionality, minimize defects and enable safe refactoring Communication Developers, QA testers and business analysts must communicate constantly to ensure that the correct functionality is built. All parts of the system should be known by at least two...
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...Title: Stereotyping By: Sheila Cowan PHI 103: Informal Logic Instructor: Issac Brown Date: November 07, 2011 Stereotyping, prejudices and discrimination are ways in which society maintains class and status distinctions and disparate rights and resource distribution. Whether stereotypes are personal, socially based or institutionally legitimized, stereotyping uses flawed logic. It universally applies a belief, idea or an observation to a group of people with a specific trait or characteristic. This leads to invalid logic arguments, hypothetical imperatives and categorical imperatives that look something like this (Brown, 2001): • If a person has brown hair they are always less intelligent. When constructed as a universal or categorical imperative it looks like this (Brown, 2001): • People with brown hair are always less intelligent. Nevertheless stereotypes persist. Stereotyping and Discrimination Wherever people must compete for resources or position, stereotyping becomes a powerful tool. Governments and organizational leaders charged with the distribution of these positions and resources often use stereotyping and discrimination as a process of elimination. Therefore, negative stereotyping exists in almost every sphere of participation. It exists in schools, in financial institutions, in nearly every industrial and societal sector. Sometimes, negative stereotyping is less obvious than others are. As demonstrated...
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...Project – an Automated Make-up color selection system. Supervisor – Dr. H.L.Premarathne Field(s) of concern – Artificial Neural Networks, Fuzzy Logic, Image Processing, Data Classification, make-up Background: Women typically like to be in the centre of attraction of other the people. In order to be elegant looking and to get the attention of others, ladies often use make-up. Make-up is a favorite topic of women, and is a primary concern, not only when attending functions such as weddings, parties, but in day-to-day life when going for work too. The success of make-up relies on how well one can select the colors that matches her skin color, eye color, shape of the face and other relevant features. Make-up is also an art; hence one should have a good artistic eye to select the make-up which suits her. Inappropriate applying of make-up will cause a person to be in the centre of sarcasm and annoyance, instead of being in the centre of attraction. This is why; ladies often take the service of a beautician. A beautician is a professional who’s trained and who has expertise knowledge on beauty therapy and make-up. With experience, a beautician can match the make-up colors to suit a person, according to her appearance and personality. However, one does not need the help of a beautician, if that person can choose the appropriate make-up colors for herself. Introduction: Selection of colors for a make-up is vital for a Beautician as well as for any lady who rely on make-up...
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...learn the meaning of each type of reasoning so that proper logic can be identified. Deductive reasoning Deductive reasoning is a basic form of valid reasoning. Deductive reasoning, or deduction, starts out with a general statement, or hypothesis, and examines the possibilities to reach a specific, logical conclusion, according to the University of California. The scientific method uses deduction to test hypotheses and theories. "In deductive inference, we hold a theory and based on it we make a prediction of its consequences. That is, we predict what the observations should be if the theory were correct. We go from the general — the theory — to the specific — the observations," said Dr. Sylvia Wassertheil-Smoller, a researcher and professor emerita at Albert Einstein College of Medicine. uring the scientific process, deductive reasoning is used to reach a logical true conclusion. Another type of reasoning, inductive, is also used. Often, deductive reasoning and inductive reasoning are confused. It is important to learn the meaning of each type of reasoning so that proper logic can be identified. Deductive reasoning Deductive reasoning is a basic form of valid reasoning. Deductive reasoning, or deduction, starts out with a general statement, or hypothesis, and examines the possibilities to reach a specific, logical conclusion, according to the University of California. The scientific method uses deduction to test hypotheses and theories. "In deductive inference, we hold a...
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...attributing Socrates with producing one of the most inspiring gifts to western philosophy. De Botton (2000, 7) describes this gift as the logic of philosophy, the art of applying logical thinking to popular ideas to produce an informed opinion and independence of mind in the face of unpopularity. De Botton (2000) poses the key question why do we follow popular thought, especially ideas posed by influential people? De Botton asserts that it is because questioning the status quo often leads to one becoming a social pariah. De Botton’s (2000) argument is that the ability to think critically is grounded in philosophy; this allows one to confidently arrive at a logical position whilst acknowledging other arguments, which is supported by sound judgement. Thus, according to De Botton (2000, 7) the “Consolation for Unpopularity” is the self-confidence to challenge accepted norms through logical thought. The line of logic used by De Botton is that Socrates became a symbol of someone that stood up to the status quo using his intellect to challenge accepted ideas against the overwhelming majority. De Botton (2000, 16) asserts that because a person holds a position of power or influence over society, it does not mean their opinion is true and correct. Using philosophy De Botton urges individuals to test these propositions critically with their own logic. Socrates (De Botton 2000, 16) identified that the majority of Athenians generally...
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...is important. • Provide appropriate references to support the points in your paper. Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. Part 2: Selection Structure Paper Use the Part 1: Programming Solution Proposal you developed in Week Two and select one section of the proposal that requires a selection structure. Write a 2- to 3-page paper describing the purpose of that structure and write the pseudocode for that structure. Examine any iteration control structure. If the program you described in Week Two does not lend itself well to the inclusion of a selection structure, create a new example of a selection structure. Create a Visual Logic flowchart that parallels this pseudocode. Test the flowchart to make sure that it executes properly and produces correct results. Submit the paper and the Visual Logic file. Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. Part 3: Array Structure Proposal Use the Part 2: Selection...
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...Comparison of Testing Strategies Vernon Parker GUT1 Object Oriented Design and Development Vernon Parker White Box Testing White box testing strategy deals with the internal logic and structure of the code. It is also called glass, structural, open or clear box testing. The tests that are written based on the white box testing strategy incorporate coverage of the code written, branches, paths, statements and internal logic of the code, etc. In order to implement white box testing, the tester has to deal with the code, and hence is required to possess knowledge of coding and logic i.e., internal working of the code. White box test also needs the tester to look into the code and find out which unit/statement/chunk of the code is malfunctioning. In other words, it is imperative that the tester has 'structural' knowledge about how the system has been implemented. Not only the code, but even the data flow and control flow have to be assessed. The areas of the code, that are tested using white box testing are: a. Code Coverage b. Segment Coverage c. Branch Coverage d. Condition Coverage e. Loop Coverage f. Path Testing g. Data Flow Coverage There are three aspects of the code, which are validated in white box testing, namely i. If the software has been designed as per the original design of the software. ii. If security measures have been implemented into the software and it is robust. iii. Find...
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...Introduction Identification of ionic compounds is imperative for food, medicine and drug scientists to understand. If ionic compounds present in items such as food and drugs cannot be properly identified, the foodstuff and drug items put the consumer at risk of putting something into their bodies that could potentially cause them harm. During this project we used a variety of elimination and confirmation tests to test 4 known cations and 4 known anions in order to construct logic trees. The logic trees for both the cation and anion tests that we developed in parts 1 and 2 of this project were used to determine the identity of an unknown ionic compound in part 3. The objective of both the anion and cation elimination and confirmation tests...
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...Mass hysteria can lead to confusion and the altering of morals. During a time of large-scale panic, many aspects of society are affected and changed. In Arthur Miller’s drama, The Crucible, the court becomes flawed and operates under faulty logic by accepting flimsy evidence, performing unfair tests, and taking automatic proof of guilt. During the time period of The Crucible, religion played a major part in society. When religion is not strictly followed, the court automatically assumes guilt. When Proctor was asked if he was Christian, Parris chimed in by saying “ Such a Christian that will not come to church but once in a month” (90). Certainly in a time of mass hysteria and trials the church searched for anyone who did not strictly...
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...1.2.1.AK Combinational Logic Design Introduction Combinational and sequential logic are the fundamental building blocks of digital electronics. Combinational logic, which is sometimes referred to as "combinatorial logic”, is characterized by its output being a function of the current input value. A variety of different logic gates can be used to implement combinational logic circuits. Many of these gates will be studied in future units of this course. In this introductory unit, we will limit our designs to AND, OR, and INVERTER gates for the sake of simplicity. In this activity you will use the Circuit Design Software (CDS) to build and test your first combinational logic circuits. Equipment * Circuit Design Software (CDS) Procedure Now it’s time for you to implement your first AOI combinational logic circuit. The circuit that we will use for this purpose is a Car Safety Buzzer design.The design specifications are as follows: The buzzer is on whenever the door is open or when the key is in the ignition and the seat belt is not buckled. 1. Create a table that describes these design specification in terms of “highs” (1) and “lows” (0). This is when the sensor or indicator is active or not active. Seat Belt | 0 = SEAT BELT NOT BUCKLED | | 1 = SEAT BELT BUCKLED | Key | 0 = KEY NOT IN THE IGNITION | | 1 = KEY IN THE IGNITION | Door | 0 = DOOR IS NOT OPEN | | 1 = DOOR IS OPEN | Buzzer | 0 = BUZZER is OFF | | 1 = BUZZER is ON | 2. Using...
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...MAT 300 – Assignments and Rubrics ALEKS Pie Completion Worth 400 points The primary goal of this class is for you to complete the entire pie by the end of the term. Points for pie completion will be added to your score at the end of the term. ALEKS Emphasis on Lab Work. On-ground sections of the course will be taught in a computer lab, with three (3) hours of lab time using ALEKS for every one (1) hour of traditional instruction. Thus, students in an onground section of the course will log about three (3) of the required five (5) weekly hours in ALEKS during class. To get full credit for the ALEKS participation points, on-ground students will have to put in two (2) additional hours using ALEKS outside of class. Online students will also utilize ALEKS in the same or similar manner. All students will start the term by taking a comprehensive ALEKS assessment to identify where they need to focus their efforts. As you master each assigned topic, your progress will be plotted on a pie chart. Your goal will be to fill in the entire pie. Forty (40) percent of your final grade will be based on how much of the pie you fill in. Weekly Lab Requirement. Students are expected to spend at least five (5) hours per week working with ALEKS. The instructor will be able to see how much time you’ve spent in ALEKS and what topics you’ve worked on. Weekly ALEKS time will count toward 10% of your final grade. If you work in ALEKS for five (5) or more hours, you will earn ten (10) points. If you...
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...2000_ ________ __ _______ _7_ _2_ *Peter J. Bentley, *Jungwon Kim, **Gil-Ho Jung and ***Jong-Uk Choi *Department of Computer Science, University College London **Department of Computer Science, SungKyunKwan University *** Department of 888 , Sangmyung University e-mail: J.Kim@cs.ucl.ac.uk Fuzzy Darwinian Detection of Credit Card Fraud Peter J. Bentley, *Jungwon Kim, **Gil-Ho Jung and ***Jong-Uk Choi *Department of Computer Science, University College London **Department of Computer Science, SungKyunKwan University *** Department of 888 , Sangmyung University e-mail: J.Kim@cs.ucl.ac.uk 요 약 Credit evaluation is one of the most important and difficult tasks for credit card companies, mortgage companies, banks and other financial institutes. Incorrect credit judgement causes huge financial losses. This work describes the use of an evolutionary-fuzzy system capable of classifying suspicious and non-suspicious credit card transactions. The paper starts with the details of the system used in this work. A series of experiments are described, showing that the complete system is capable of attaining good accuracy and intelligibility levels for real data. 1. INTRODUCTION Fraud is a big problem today. Looking at credit card transactions alone, with millions of purchases every month, it is simply not humanly possible to check every one. And when many purchases are made with stolen credit cards, this inevitably results in losses of significant sums. The only viable solution to problems...
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...Chapter 11: Testing a Claim Objectives: Students will: Explain the logic of significance testing. List and explain the differences between a null hypothesis and an alternative hypothesis. Discuss the meaning of statistical significance. Use the Inference Toolbox to conduct a large sample test for a population mean. Compare two-sided significance tests and confidence intervals when doing inference. Differentiate between statistical and practical “significance.” Explain, and distinguish between, two types of errors in hypothesis testing. Define and discuss the power of a test. AP Outline Fit: IV. Statistical Inference: Estimating population parameters and testing hypotheses (30%–40%) B. Tests of significance 1. Logic of significance testing, null and alternative hypotheses; P-values; one- and two-sided tests; concepts of Type I and Type II errors; concept of power 4. Test for a mean (large sample -- ( known) What you will learn: A. Significance Tests for µ (( known) 1. State the null and alternative hypotheses in a testing situation when the parameter in question is a population mean µ. 2. Explain in nontechnical language the meaning of the P-value when you are given the numerical value of P for a test. 3. Calculate the one-sample z-statistic and the P-value for both one-sided and two-sided tests about the mean µ of a Normal population. 4. Assess statistical significance at standard levels α by comparing...
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