...Section A (What type of power was evident in this case and how was it used?) The Leadership Challenge The social setting of large and complex organizations can be characterized as highly diverse, highly interdependent, and rich in opportunities to generate power dynamics. The first characteristic, diversity, pertains to differences among organization members with respect to goals, values, outcomes, assumptions, and perceptions. Interdependence relates to the situation in which multiple actors have power over each other due to job-related interdependence. When a high degree of interdependence exists in the workplace, unilateral action is rarely possible. For all decisions of any significance, many people will be in a position to retard, block, or sabotage action because they have some power over the situation. The greater the diversity, and the greater the interdependence the more differences of power there will be. Because of the interdependence, people will not be able to resolve these differences either by edict or by walking away. As a result, high levels of diversity and interdependence in the workplace are quite naturally linked to conflicting opinions about action and thereby influence attempts to resolve that conflict. Thus, the leadership challenge becomes one of making diversity and interdependence work for organizational success. Whether the organization is private or public not-for-profit, the challenge is similar. Negative Power Dynamics That leader influence...
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...A Stakeholder Model of Organizational Leadership Author(s): Marguerite Schneider Source: Organization Science, Vol. 13, No. 2 (Mar. - Apr., 2002), pp. 209-220 Published by: INFORMS Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3085994 Accessed: 30/07/2010 02:12 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=informs. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. INFORMS is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Organization Science. http://www.jstor.org A ...
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... Content Review Number 1 Date: 21.11.2013 | Management Structure Topic Area: How can structure and effective management influence reorganising a business? Scenario Charlie Brown and his brother Ben Brown started up a business in 1999. They both enjoy sports, so decided to invest in starting up their own travel agency company, which they called Beyond Sports Travel Belief. The company offers package holidays for worldwide events, such as football tournaments, Olympics and a range of other sport events. Beyond Sports Travel Belief expanded having two branches, employs 2 supervisors and 6 booking clerks. Charlie was the one who managed the business, recruiting staffs and issuing responsibilities, while Ben’s role was to market their products, building the company’s brand. Unfortunately, Charlie left in 2010 leaving Ben as manager to manage his employees; including his two supervisors. This deteriorated the structure of the business. Charlie leaving had a massive impact on the company and it went to a stand still due to overloaded responsibilities. Introduction This essay is a reflective review and appraisal that has been put together to emphasis the importance of an organisational structure and how the effective management of a business could lead to business success. This topic has a massive impact on businesses as it takes a vital place in business success for example; the loss of a manager...
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...Define and describe the interactional framework for analyzing leadership including the different components of the framework and how it can be used to determine effective leadership. The interactional framework for analyzing leadership depicts leadership as a function of three elements (level of analysis): the leader, the followers, and the situation. It can be used to analyze leadership scenarios from each level of analysis separately, which can be useful. However, using the framework as an analysis tool for leadership situations is more effective when analyzing the interactions between the different levels of analysis. For instance, it may be useful to examine a leadership scenario by analyzing the situation and determining the level of stress, the environment, or the task at hand but more information can be gathered by analyzing the interaction between the leader and the situation. If the leader can perform actions to modify the situation, to lessen the stress of the situation for example, there may be a resulting positive effect on the followers. This example highlights one of the unique and useful aspects of the interactional framework for analyzing leadership: the importance placed on the interactions between the leader, the followers, and the situation. The interactional framework for analyzing leadership scenarios is best represented by a Venn diagram, as drawn below, where each level of analysis (leader, followers, and situation) are drawn as open circles that overlap...
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...different and challenging situations. Several aspects of leadership determines how effective a leader is. This includes leadership style, power and influence, motivational techniques, team and organisational culture, ethical values, personality traits and managerial intelligence. This report analyses a figure in a senior position of a secondary school with regards to the important principles of leadership. Each leader has his or her strengths and weaknesses. If strengths are used correctly, a leader would build a strong work culture and effective performance. However, if there are no attempts to overcome weaknesses, then there would be a dysfunctional section in the leadership. One must be vigilant and willing to change in order to achieve the goal of developing good leadership skills and in effect, benefits for the leader, followers, and company in every given situation. STANLEY TJANDRA A001533984 | LEADERSHip lead702 ASSIGNMENT | AQF LVL: 8 | WORD COUNT: 2,745 | EXECUTIVE SUMMARYA leader is to set a clear and explicit vision and goals for the followers and manage using the most suitable way directing followers in regards to different and challenging situations. Several aspects of leadership determines how effective a leader is. This includes leadership style, power and influence, motivational techniques, team and organisational culture, ethical values, personality traits and managerial intelligence. This report analyses a figure in a senior position of a secondary school...
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...Why is leadership important? Leadership is important because it can make or break a company. Management and leadership go hand in hand when it comes to individuals and organizations including financial performance. Managerial leadership is crucial to creating effective organizations with employees who push their limits. 2. What are the five key elements in our leadership definition? How do the elements interrelate to form this definition? The five key elements of leadership are influence, leader-followers, organizational objectives, people, and change. When it comes to the leader-follower element, leaders and followers influence each other. This relationship leads to the next element that is influence where the leader uses power, politics, and negotiating to sway followers on their opinions. In order for a manager to be effective, they need to influence their employees by communicating ideas to gain acceptance. Then motivate their employees to support and implement the idea at hand through change. in order for a company to stay relevant in the ever changing economy, they need to continuously change with technology, theories, and such. And in doing so, a company’s organizational objectives are met through the same vision shared by employees. Effective leaders motivate employees to think outside the box and push their limits all while keeping in mind what is best for the company. 3. Are leaders born or made, and can leadership skills be developed. The definition...
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...Scientific Papers (www.scientificpapers.org) Journal of Knowledge Management, Economics and Information Technology Issue 6 October 2011 Designing an Effective Female Leadership Model in Governmental Organizations Authors: Nosratollah MALEKI, International Relations School of Iranian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Iran, nosrat.maleki@gmail.com, Aryan ASKARI, University of Tehran, Iran, aryan1072@gmail.com, Mohamad Amin GHANBARI, University of Tehran, Iran, ma.ghanbarei@gmail.com Since leadership is a critical factor for improving organizational performance, failure or success of an organization highly depends on the efficiency of leadership at all levels. Scholars elaborated that leadership is the ability of influencing one's attitudes, aptitudes and beliefs, in the way that it will lead to meet organizational objectives. The main purpose of this study is to consider two domains of efficient leadership and women’s leadership style, in order to determine and elaborate the dimensions of the new concept of “Women’s Efficient Leadership”. We intend to describe the characteristics of women’s efficient leadership in state organizations in Iran by means of offering a logical pattern, in order to be able to propose a favorable pattern, leading to increased efficiency in governmental organizations of the country. Innovation of this study can be divided into two parts: one is theoretical contribution and developing the knowledge of efficient leadership as well as women’s leadership...
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... 4 Case Analysis (Application of negotiating skills concepts) 5 Conclusion 10 Bibliography 12 Executive Summary The organisation structure determines the manner and extent to which roles, power and responsibilities are delegated, controlled and coordinated, and how information flows between levels of management. "Cultural Implications" is the connection that culture has on organisation. Implications are essentially consequences from a particular event at a cultural level.. Culture influences the structures as well as the behaviour of the different stakeholders. The understanding of the cultural context from which an employee or customer originates is imperative to the overall success of any business. This has created an extensive increase in demand for training and understanding, particularly within the area of decision making. Mesopotamia Brewery ltd initially seeks to facilitate training within the context of “Industrialisation by Invitation” i.e. the contractual agreement with the expatriate brewers to facilitate the transfer of knowledge and skills. However, very little is mentioned about training at the managerial level. The issues evolving from this case shows serious managerial pitfalls throughout. Analysing this case within the context of “cultural implications” seek to address the cultural variables found in the organisation that has significant implications to either retards the progress or enhance the development...
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...articles that focus on the analysis and resolution of managerial and academic issues based on analytical and empirical or case research RESEARCH Executive Summary KEY WORDS Senior Managers Roles Managerial Competencies India This paper identifies competencies that may aid role effectiveness at senior managerial levels. It fills a research gap: while managerial roles and competencies have been studied fairly extensively, their relationships have not been demonstrated. The performance of senior level managers — and therefore of the organization — depends upon how well they play their varied roles. In this paper, the roles of senior managers have been categorized into nine strategic, nine operations-related, and nine leadership roles. Strategic roles relate to such matters of long-term and organization-wide import as policy formulation, setting of long-term objectives, articulation of a vision of excellence for the organization, contributing to the organization’s growth and diversification, procuring of strategic resources and intelligence, etc. Operations-related roles cover implementation of policies and changes, setting short-term targets, work allocation to staff, operating a control system, crisis management, etc. Leadership roles encompass inspiring subordinates, developing effective relationships, getting cooperation, emphasizing core values and norms, mentoring, fostering teamwork and collaborative effort, effective conflict resolution, etc. Forty-five senior manager-level...
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... - Navigational Systems Division (NSD in Austin) - Radar Systems Division (RSD in Denver) - Communications System Division (CSD in Denver) DSG was moving in negative trend in sales and profit. It became critical in 2001 and CSD had to be sold, while NSD and RSD receive instructions to combine operations, eliminate excess manufacturing capacity and reduce duplicate support costs. At the same time Dynomax announced its desire to divest the entire DSG in order to solve corporate cash flow problems. Problems 1) Managerial Problems 1. Planning and planning methodology 1. Hesitant to formulate a strategy (annual plan) in view of uncertainty of the company future. 2. Functioning on prior years plan will not help IS solving any of their current problems since it will not address their needs. 3. Landry’s insufficient managerial and leadership is not helping to overcome...
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...THE DEVELOPMENT OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHTS Basic Approaches of Organisational Behavior An Interdisciplinary Approach: It is integrating many disciplines. It integrates social sciences and other disciplines that can contribute to the Organizational Behavior. It draws from these disciplines any ideas that will improve the relationships between people and organization. Its interdisciplinary nature is similar to that of medicine, which applies physical, biological and social science into a workable medical practice. Organizations must have people, and people working toward goals must have organizations, so it is desirable to treat the two as a working unit. Scientific Management Approach: The fundamental concern of the scientific management school was to increase the efficiency of the worker basically through good job design and appropriate training of the workers. Taylor is the father of the scientific management movement and he developed many ides to increase organizational efficiency. Taylor showed that through proper job design, worker selection, employee training and incentives, productivity can be increased. The scientific management school advocated that efficiency can be attainted by finding the right methods to get the job done, through specialization on the job, by planning and scheduling, by using standard operating mechanisms, establishing standard times to do the job, by proper selection and training of personnel and through wage incentives. A Human Resources...
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...Leadership Styles & Approaches 1. Charismatic Leadership- Describes follower perceptions that the leader is endowed with exceptional qualities. Have a strong need for power, high self-confidence, and a strong conviction in their beliefs and ideals. Expresses strong positive emotion such as enthusiasm and optimism to influence followers. Leaders who use authority to implement an innovative strategy for attaining important objectives may gain more expert power if the strategy is successful, but unless they articulate an ideological vision to justify the strategy, they are unlikely to appear charismatic. The leader's methods for attaining the idealized goal must differ from conventional ways of doing things in order to impress followers that the leader is extraordinary. Charismatic leaders are more likely to emerge in crisis situations where people are worried about economic loss, physical danger, or threats to core values. Charismatic leaders tend to make more risky decisions that can result in a serious failure, and they tend to make enemies who will use such a failure as an opportunity to remove the leader from office. 2. Transformational Leadership- Describes how effective leaders inspire and transform followers by appealing to their ideals and emotions. Appeals to moral values of followers in an attempt to raise their consciousness about ethical issues. Transformational behaviors include Idealized influence, Individualized consideration, Inspirational motivation...
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...Leadership R-Jay P. Quiambao, CIE • Leader – Someone who can influence others and who has managerial authority • Leadership – What leaders do; the process of influencing a group to achieve goals • Ideally, all managers should be leaders • Although groups may have informal leaders who emerge, those are not the leaders we’re studying Leadership research has tried to answer: What is an effective leader? • Trait Theories (1920s-30s) – Research focused on identifying personal characteristics that differentiated leaders from nonleaders was unsuccessful. – Later research on the leadership process identified seven traits associated with successful leadership: • Drive, the desire to lead, honesty and integrity, selfconfidence, intelligence, job-relevant knowledge, and extraversion. Exhibit 17–1 Seven Traits Associated with Leadership Source: S. A. Kirkpatrick and E. A. Locke, “Leadership: Do Traits Really Matter?” Academy of Management Executive, May 1991, pp. 48–60; T. A. Judge, J. E. Bono, R. llies, and M. W. Gerhardt, “Personality and Leadership: A Qualitative and Quantitative Review,” Journal of Applied Psychology, August 2002, pp. 765–780. Exhibit 17–2 Behavioral Theories of Leadership Exhibit 17–2 (cont’d) Behavioral Theories of Leadership • Behavioral Theories – University of Iowa Studies (Kurt Lewin) • Identified three leadership styles: – Autocratic style: centralized authority, low participation – Democratic style: involvement...
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...activities of others to attain goals * Work in an organization * A consciously coordinated social unit composed of two or more people that functions on a relatively continuous basis to achieve a common goal or set of goals. Four Management Functions * PLAN: A process that includes defining goals, establishing strategy, and developing plans to coordinate activities. * ORGANIZE: Determining what tasks are to be done, who is to do them, how the tasks are to be grouped, who reports to whom, and where decisions are to be made. * LEAD: A function that includes motivating employees, directing others, selecting the most effective communication channels, and resolving conflicts. * CONTROL: Monitoring performance, comparing actual performance with previously set goals, and correcting any deviation. Mintzberg’s Managerial Roles Ten roles in three groups (Exhibit 1-1) * Interpersonal * Figurehead, Leader, and Liaison * Informational * Monitor, Disseminator, Spokesperson * Decisional * Entrepreneur, Disturbance Handler, Resource Allocator, and Negotiator. Katz’s Essential Management Skills * Technical Skills * The ability to apply specialized knowledge or expertise * Human Skills * The ability to work with, understand, and motivate other people, both...
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...thinking. Many of Marc's theories validate the fact that in general, good managers tend to be good leaders, but good leaders are not always good managers. It is said, Any company that cannot imagine the future won't be around to enjoy it. Therefore before any manager or leader can affect changes in their business they have to do what Marc describes as visioning; they must mentally "look" into what they want to see as the potential outcome of any given situation. Managers are concerned with the problem at hand; they focus on what has to be done. Leaders on the other hand, notice what has to be done, but spend their time figuring out how to get it done. Marc states "managers vision the destination, leaders vision how to get there". To be an effective leader it is important to focus on the gritty details of a situation, look for opportunities and how to achieve them....
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