...crimes that adversely affect the entirety of society. Crimes of this nature are not sufficiently discussed at the academic level or as part of political agenda or debates. No human being or human-made system is free from corruption or fraud. Contrary to the popular belief, corruption, bribery and fraud are not problems specific to economically underdeveloped countries; on the contrary, these crimes are quite widespread in developed Western democracies, particularly in the US. Broadly speaking, these deviant behaviors, defined as “white-collar crimes,” can also referred to as “crimes of the powerful.” It was Edwin Hardin Sutherland, a US social scientist, who first coined this terminology in the literature of sociology and criminology. Crimes committed by individuals may vary depending on their social class es. There are certain significant differences between the petty crimes committed by blue-collar workers from lower social classes and the corruption crimes committed by white-collar workers from higher social classes. First, the criminals from lower social classes tend to resort to violence while the offenses committed by white-collar workers do not generally contain violence. Second, there are known and recognized victims of petty crimes while there are no such victims in white-collar crimes,...
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...consider it being unethical. (Martin, 2011) A report made by the National Police Misconduct reported in their Semi-Annual that there were 2, 854 law enforcement officers alleged to have engaged in misconduct. It also stated that there were 207 law enforcement leaders’ police chiefs or sheriffs that were cited in those reports. It included how many civilians that were involved in the law enforcement officer misconduct. It concluded that there were 2, 568 victims of reported police misconduct. (Packman, 2009) An example of police corruption in the United States happened in Missouri. An officer is accused of having sex with two women in exchange for not arresting them. The officer, Jeffrey Holmes visited a motel room to meet with a prostitute. The woman, identified as CC told investigators that once they reached the room, he proceeded to arrest her. The officer began touching CC and told her he had no money and took his pants off. She then interpreted as free sex. She feared that if she didn’t; she would go to jail. Another victim came forward and said that officer Holmes asked her if...
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...Corruption is today a world-wide phenomenon. In our own country some people in high positions lave been charged for it. A corrupt person is termed immoral, dishonest and unscrupulous in his dealings. His disregard for honesty, righteousness and truth results in his alienation from society. He is treated with contempt. But as erosion of values leads to decadence, remedies for the social malaise remain elusive, and so no amount of contempt can eradicate corruption which is a symptom of decadence. Corruption is the most virulent when crises everywhere threaten the very existence of the society and the faith in life is shaken. It has always been there like tie leech, but when the system grows weaker and the boat flounders, it gets bolder and drains its victims of the last drops of their blood. The older the system the weaker it grows and fails to solve the riddles of life that grows more complex every day. So men lose faith in it and let it drift down. At this point corruption takes over and plunges the entire society. After Second World War the old system with all its values was left in a shambles. The crippling effects of the war, the recession and depression, and uncertainties in a faithless world of maimed and moribund encouraged cynicism in a section of the population. This section included the government officials dealing in essential commodities. They found the post-war conditions ideal for fishing in troubled waters and jetting richer. They formed a sort of vicious...
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...Audience: Public school Students Voice: Cynical/Concerned former high school student Purpose: To show how students can prevent bullying Situation: Schools turning to the law to handle bullying Bobby Newport Comp I August 22, 2012 Bullying in Schools Must Be Stopped by Students Bullying has become a major issue in schools across the nation with the numerous suicides caused by physical and verbal abuse that has led to the criminalization of bullying. Schools in all states, except Montana, have been given guidelines or Anti-Bullying laws to implement in their school systems. These laws define bullying and intend to reduce it, but where is the line going to be drawn? A snide comment to a passerby may be considered bullying but is definitely not criminal. These laws do not confront issues small as this yet, but in years past, most of us would never consider bullying as a criminal act punishable by law. Children in today’s schools are now going to have to think “more” about what they say because someone could call the police if they are sensitive. Bullying will always be an issue in schools even if parents get bigger bullies (the police) to bully the younger ones. If such laws continue to evolve children could be put into handcuffs. True bullies will evolve with the laws and may be able to use these laws for the benefit of their bullying ways. Bullying has evolved to make use of the internet through cyber bullying. Cyber bullying is using the internet through social networking...
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...INTRODUCTION The principal aim of this paper is to trace and analyze the development of victimology. Firstly this paper will be concerned with defining the concept of victimology and the concept of victim before explaining the origins of the study of victimology. Furthermore, this paper will explain and evaluate the development of victimology as a field of study, in a broad sense this paper aims to acknowledge where the field of victimology originated and how it has developed and in addition this paper involves a general overview of the victim’s role in various systems of justice throughout history. Defining the concept “victimology” Defining the concept victimology is tricky because different people define victiomology in different ways, there is no universally accepted definition of victiomology, however for the purpose of this paper one broad definition of victimology will be used but not necessarily meaning that this paper does not acknowledge that other definitions do exist. Victimology refers generally to the scientific study of victims and victimization, including the relationships between victims and offenders, investigators, courts, corrections, media, and social movements ( Karmen 1990 ). Defining the concept “victim” The origin of victimology The origin of victimology can be traced back to several articles, books, and research projects initiated by criminologists during the 1940s and 1950s. According to Walklate (2007) victimology's roots are often attributed...
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...with blood. No words, no tears, no prayers, from his gory victim, seemed to move his iron heart from its bloody purpose.” (Excerpt 1: PG 6)Frederick Douglass wanted to provide further information on the American slave system. He wanted people to understand how horrible it was for the slaves and how it affected them and the slaveholders. The audience of Douglass were northerners who either showed no concern or were supportive of slavery. He wanted to show to his audience how slavery was terrible for slaves and how it corrupts slaveholders. People who defended slavery believed that slavery was a good for the slaves and they assumed that the slaves were content because they...
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...Ambani etc who have crossed the oceans and marked their presence globally. 3. I am one among the youth who is proud of great intellectuals and political leaders of past like Mahatma Gandhi,Dr.B.R.Ambedkar,Sardar Vallabhai Patel,Swami Vivekanand etc. At the same time, 1. I am one among the youth who knows that 41% of people of India live in poverty. 2. I am one among the youth who has to keep my head down in front of a foreigner when speaking about the way Common Wealth Games was organised in India. 3. I am one among the youth who fail to realize that 4000 farmers committed suicide in the state of Maharashtra in the year 2005 alone. But me along with many youth of this country should realize that: 1. There is a corrupt IAS officer and politician behind every person living in abject poverty in our country. 2. There is...
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...Writing Which One Will You Choose ? The theme of this poem, greed is the root of all evil, originated from my frustration with the system in which this country is ran. My goal in writing the poem is to communicate a major problem in our country in hopes of motivating the reader to bring about change. I only offer the reader with the choice of victimizer or victim, because the system is so corrupt, if you’re not the one victimizing then you are the one being victimized. With only the elite making decisions on behalf of many people, the minority sometimes feels voiceless. I say that this country is ran by gangsters with degrees, because I believe that the rich have an immense amount of control over the direction of this country. Some of these elite individuals scheme and connive just for aspirations of getting richer. I use American Cake as a metaphor to represent the American Dream. Some leaders are willing to watch the poor and needy suffer, in order to gain a personal raise. From the outside looking in, America appears to have wealth, but the inside is filled with unhappy, financial struggling, hardworking citizens. Our nation was built on the strong foundation of honesty and integrity. Ideally, someone reaches the American Dream by working their way there truthfully. But, in today’s society it’s so easy for our leader to use corrupt tactics such as lying, cheating, and stealing to reach the top. When I ask the question, “Is this really what our nation is going to turn...
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...Dracula is a Gothic horror novel written in 1897 by an Irishman named Bram Stoker. At the turn of the century, when Stoker wrote this novel, England and much of Europe had fought and overthrown the Feudal systems of Aristocracy and the middle class morality of the Victorian bourgeois was held as the epitome of proper living. England was emerging as a Capitalist power after squashing its foreign invaders. It was this environment that influenced Stoker to characterize his villain as a blood sucking, blue blooded aristocrat. Dracula, as the mouldering aristocrat, is the foreign parasite who, literally sucked the lifeblood of the peasants. By casting Dracula as a Gothic aristocratic villain, Stoker, dramatized for middle-class audiences the exaggerated...
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...Seth who gets a job at a corrupt stockbroker firm. As he starts his job there, Seth starts to notice many questionable practices that his coworkers do without question. When Seth questions this, he is told to ignore it. The film comes to a head when the FBI arrest Seth, and he must testify against the firm to clear his name. One practice shown in the movie is representing yourself as someone you are not. For example, Seth is told to “be whoever he wants to be” on the phone. Seth is shown on different calls lying about who he is. He tells one customer that he is married and owns a home, and he tells another he is vice president of the firm. I believe people should always portray themselves as who they are. Seth’s lying convinced more customers to buy stocks, which in the end lost them money and hurt Seth’s reputation. Stockbrokers should not try to sell stock by misleading customers into thinking they are someone different than they are. The second practice I do not agree with is the firm using a system called “pump and dump.” This means that the brokers create artificial demand in the stock of expired or fake companies. This practice causes many people to be cheated out of their money and put in bad financial situations. This creates a false market, and although it may make the brokers money, it hurts other members of society. I do not believe one should get a job only for personal gain. I believe the film did a fantastic job of showing corrupt business practices. The...
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...uniform protecting and serving the people. Policemen are the enforcers of the law whose job in it's simplest form is to protect civilians. So what if a fellow policeman breaks the law and harms innocent civilians? Does the title of Police Officer come with the ability to get away with crime with little to no punishment? Today, many reports of police brutality have been exposed and yet a large number of them do not get punished for it. Although many cases of police brutality are because of corrupt law enforcers who think they are above the law, it is the corrupt government officials that decides to not pass judgment onto the real criminals even when they know who is at fault. Many people often associate police brutality with a corrupt justice system and government because of its history. Throughout history, many dictators including Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin abused their military power in order to get what they wanted. Even in today's world countries like North Korea and Egypt possess corrupt governments that utilize military force on innocent civilians frequently. What makes police brutality such a big deal in America is the fact that unlike other countries, police brutality cannot be justified with uniting the country. It directly violates a set of rights written by the founding fathers that our whole government is based off of known as the Constitution of the United States of America and yet it is still practiced almost daily by police officers everywhere in America. In...
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...drafting of the Acts in tune with the Colonial Indian Police Act rather than doing the same keeping in mind the principles of the Human Rights as guaranteed by Indian Constitution and Police Accountability”. “Under the Police Act 1861,which is still in force, Police in India is nothing more than a government department lacking the autonomy under rule of law that exists for the police in other leading democracies. No doubt the Constitution of India is the supreme law of the land but the police are governed by the repressive 1861 Police Act and the regressive Indian Penal Code (IPC) and Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC)”. Police are the important mass of the justice system so it is their responsibility to protect the rights of the people and work according to the procedure established by law. As the credibility of system depends on the procedures so they should be justified in interest of the society. Human rights are given by the state or government and there is obligation on their side to protect the rights of the people.Human rights is basically a contract between State and citizens and so it...
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...shamshad | | | History is full of most truthful, honest leadership, and other side we can see the most corrupt and brutal leaders. The main causes of the downfall of nations have been corruption and incompetent leadership. We can see that supper powers support the incompetent leadership only for their self interest. When we evaluate the history and comprising with Pakistan Strong and powerful have always exploited the weak in a crude and inhuman manner. While the deprived intoxicated by heavy doses of philosophies recommending to recognize their ordained fate have kept quite and suffered. Corruption imperfectly affected the value of governance. It is of different types. Political corruption, related to the politicians and luxurious corruption is connected with the high rank bureaucracy.When Pakistan came into being on14 August 1947, Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah has strongly condemned the presence of corruption. Islam explicitly condemns the existence of corruption in every form. The root causes of the rampant corruption in the country are lack of responsibility, lack of effective accountability, poor performance, unchecked and limitless power all play a very important role to produce the deteriorate law and order. Since the inception of Pakistan, many governments called the champions of democracy has become the victim of the widespread corruption, and continues corrupt practices badly damage the process of democracy. Poor and common peoples of Pakistan badly effected at each...
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...Venom The venom from the common western diamondback rattlesnake is a Hemorrhagic toxin. The toxin is produced within the snake and then injected through the fangs into its victims blood stream. This toxin is usually quite potent and has a complex chemical composition to it. The snake’s venom is quick acting so it proves quite dangerous to human health. The common rattlesnake venom is made up of combinations of proteins that range from hemotoxins, which separates cells and tissues, to neurotoxins and anticoagulants that might cause respiratory paralysis or arrest of the circulatory system. Rattlesnake venom has good uses too, we use it to better understand the toxins within it and make anti-venoms for it. The complex toxin in rattlesnake venom goes to work fast, showing its presence quickly but which can be a positive if you have the needed tools to treat the bite and the venom. It will be easy to find the puncture point because the victim will usually have a strong pain feeling coming from the wound/bite. The victim will have a lot of trouble breathing. Then they will get blurred vision and unable to keep their eyelids from drooping or sagging they will get discolored skin, might likely around the bite/wound. They will get destruction of the skin tissue around the bite/wound. The victim of the rattlesnake bite will eventually start vomiting uncontrollably. They may also suffer from strong nausea and will have a difficulty standing. The patient will start bleeding...
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...surpassed by confessions. False confessions have been used to convict innocent victims over the years all over...
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