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Apa itu LINUS
Apa Itu LINUS ? 11. LATAR BELAKANG 1. Y.A.B Menteri Pelajaran, Tan Sri Dato’ Haji Muhyiddin bin Mohd. Yassin telah membentangkan Bidang Keberhasilan Utama [National Key Result Areas (NKRA’s)] Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia pada bulan Ogos 2009. 2. Sektor Dasar dan Pembangunan Pendidikan, Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia (KPM) telah diamanahkan untuk mengawas, melaksana danmenyelaras Ministry Key Performance Indicator(NKPI) 3.2 KPM iaitu semua murid yang tiada masalah pembelajaran berupaya menguasai kemahiran membaca, menulis dan mengira selepas mengikuti pendidikan tiga tahun di peringkat rendah pada akhir tahun 2012. 3. Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum (BPK) pula dipertanggungjawabkan untuk menerajui projek ini dengan kerjasama semua bahagian dalam KPM. Sehubungan dengan itu, satu program alternatif telah dirangka untuk murid Tahun 1, 2 dan 3 (Tahap I) yang belum menguasai kemahiran asas literasi dan numerasi. Projek ini dinamai Program Literasi dan Numerasi (LINUS) yang merupakan penambahbaikan daripada program Kelas Intervensi Awal Membaca dan Menulis (KIA2M) untuk murid Tahun 1 yang dilaksanakan mulai tahun 2006. 4. Murid berkeperluan khas yang meliputi murid bermasalah pembelajaran, masalah pendengaran, masalah pertuturan, masalah penglihatan, masalah kepelbagaian deria, masalah fizikal, dan terencat akal, kurikulum yang khusus telah dibina.

RASIONAL 5. Asas literasi dan numerasi merupakan kemahiran yang diperlukan bagi membolehkan murid berkomunikasi dan berinteraksi dalam kehidupan seharian serta untuk membolehkan mereka melanjutkan pelajaran ke tahap yang lebih tinggi. 6. Data KIA2M pada tahun 2008 menunjukkan sebanyak 54,000 murid Tahun 1 belum menguasai kemahiran asas membaca dan menulis (literasi). Data PROTIM tahun 2008 pula menunjukkan sebanyak 48,233 murid Tahun 4 belum menguasai kemahiran asas membaca dan menulis (literasi) sementara sebanyak 117,000 murid Tahun 4 belum menguasai kemahiran asas mengira (numerasi). 7. Data Bahagian Perancangan dan Penyelidikan Dasar Pendidikan, KPM menunjukkan kadar keciciran murid sekolah rendah dan sekolah menengah di Malaysia pada tahun 2008 adalah sebanyak 31,939. 8. KPM berpendapat satu pendekatan yang bersepadu perlu dilaksanakan untuk mengatasi masalah literasi dan numerasi seawal Tahap I. Perkara ini perlu diberi perhatian yang serius kerana murid yang belum menguasai kemahiran asas membaca, menulis dan mengira merupakan kumpulan yang berisiko keciciran dan berhadapan dengan kesukaran memenuhi keperluan melanjutkan pelajaran dan kerjaya. DEFINISI KONSEP 9. Definisi LINUS: LINUS ialah akronim bagi “Literacy and Numeracy Screening”. LINUS merupakan program intervensi yang dirangka untuk membolehkan murid memperoleh asas literasi (bahasa Malaysia) danasas numerasi semasa di sekolah rendah. LINUS disasarkan kepada murid yang belum menguasai kemahiran membaca, menulis dan mengira (3M). 10. Definisi Literasi: Definisi literasi adalah “keupayaan untuk membaca, menulis dan memahami perkataan, ayat tunggal dan ayat majmuk(dengan menggunakan kata hubung), mengaplikasikan pengetahuan tersebut dalam pembelajaran serta komunikasi harian.

MATLAMAT 11. Matlamat program ini adalah untuk memastikan semua murid Tahap Isekolah rendah berkeupayaan untuk menguasai asas literasi dan numerasi pada akhir tahun 2012 kecuali murid berkeperluan khas. OBJEKTIF

12. Objektif Program Literasi Pada akhir Program Literasi murid berupaya:

i. Mengeja dan membunyikan suku kata terbuka dan tertutup;

ii. membaca dan menulis perkataan daripada suku kata terbuka dan tertutup; dan

iii. membaca dan menulis serta memahami ayat tunggal dan ayat majmuk yang mudah dengan menggunakan kata hubung ‘dan’.

13. Objektif Program Numerasi: Pada akhir Program Numerasi murid berupaya:

i. Membaca, menulis, membilang dan menyusun nombor hingga 1000;

ii. membilang dua-dua, lima-lima dan sepuluh-sepuluh dalam lingkungan 1000 bermula daripada sebarang nombor;

iii. menyatakan fakta asas tambah, tolak, darab dan bahagi; dan;

iv. mengaplikasikan pengetahuan operasi asas aritmetik dalam wang, menyatakan waktu, ukuran dan sukatan.

KUMPULAN SASARAN

14. Kumpulan sasaran ialah murid Tahap I yang berkeupayaan untuk menguasai asas literasi dan numerasi kecuali murid berkeperluan khas yang mengikuti pendidikan di Sekolah Kebangsaan (Program Pendidikan Khas Integrasi; Masalah Pembelajaran, Masalah Pendengaran dan Masalah Penglihatan) dan Sekolah Rendah Pendidikan Khas (Masalah Penglihatan dan Masalah Pendengaran), Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan dan Sekolah Agama Bantuan Kerajaan.

STRATEGI PELAKSANAAN PROGRAM LINUS 15. Makmal NKRA bagi program LINUS telah mengemukakan enam strategi utama LINUS iaitu: i. melaksanakan saringan terhadap murid pada tahun 1, 2 dan 3; ii. melaksanakan fokus intervensi bagi menyediakan program pemulihan dan komprehensif; iii. meningkatkan kemahiran pedagogi guru; iv. melaksanakan program kesedaran tentang pentingnya asas membaca, menulis dan mengira dalam kalangan warga sekolah dan komuniti; v. menjalankan pemantauan, penyeliaan dan penilaian; dan vi. mewujudkan jawatan fasiLINUS di Pejabat Pelajaran Daerah untuk membantu guru memastikan murid berupaya membaca, menulis dan mengira. 16. Murid yang telah dikenal pasti masih belum menguasai kemahiran asas literasi dan numerasi akan diajar secara intensif oleh guru LINUS dan guru pemulihan khas LINUS. Murid yang mengikuti program ini akan menduduki Saringan 2 pada bulan Jun dan Saringan 3 pada bulanSeptember (jika perlu). 17. Pemilihan Guru LINUS: Guru yang menjalankan program ini terdiri daripada guru Bahasa Malaysia dan guru Matematik Tahap I dan dibantu oleh Guru Pemulihan Khas. 18. Guru pemulihan khas ditempatkan di sekolah mengikut nisbah murid LINUS tegar. Nisbah guru-murid bagi program ini adalah 1:15 supaya tumpuan sepenuhnya dapat diberikan kepada murid berkenaan. Dicadangkan satu jam setiap hari guru pemulihan memberi tumpuan kepada 4 atau 5 orang murid sahaja untuk literasi dan satu jam lagi untuk numerasi. 19. Guru sedia ada (guru Bahasa Malaysia dan guru Matematik) yang melaksanakan program ini perlu diberi latihan khusus dalam teknik pemulihan dan bimbingan untuk menangani murid yang mempunyai masalah literasi dan numerasi. 20. Jadual Waktu: Program LINUS dilaksanakan dalam waktu Bahasa Malaysia dan waktu Matematik mengikut peruntukan waktu yang sedia ada. Sebanyak 360 minit seminggu diperuntukan bagi Bahasa Malaysia di Sekolah Kebangsaan dan 270 minit seminggu di Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan, manakala 210 minit seminggu bagi Matematik. 21. Pihak sekolah boleh menggunakan budi bicara untuk menjalankan program ini mengikut kesesuaian waktu dan kemudahan sekolah.Namun, pihak sekolah hendaklah memastikan perlaksanaan program ini berkesan dan mencapai matlamatnya. 22. Kemudahan ICT: Kemudahan ICT yang terdiri daripada komputer dan LCD yang sedia ada di sekolah perlu dimanfaatkan untuk kegunaan dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran di dalam kelas.

PEMANTAUAN DAN PENYELIAAN 23. Pemantauan dan penyeliaan dilaksanakan di sekolah terpilih iaitu 8 peratus daripada jumlah keseluruhan sekolah rendah. Pegawai yang terlibat terdiri daripada pegawai Bahagian KPM, pegawai Jabatan Pelajaran Negeri (JPN) dan pegawai Pejabat Pelajaran Daerah (PPD). Pemantauan ini akan diterajui oleh Jemaah Nazir dan Jaminan Kualiti (JNJK). 24. Guru Besar dan Guru Penolong Kanan Akademik di setiap sekolah perlu menyelia Program LINUS dari semasa ke semasa. 25. Satu mekanisme sistem pelaporan untuk memantau kemajuan murid LINUS diadakan. Status penguasaan murid perlu dilaporkan menggunakan sistem yang dibangunkan oleh KPM setiap kali saringan dilaksanakan. KANDUNGAN PROGRAM 26. Program LINUS menggunakan kurikulum KBSR sebagai asas dalammenentukan skop kandungan pengajaran dan pembelajaran. 27. Kandungan skop kurikulum literasi bermula dengan pengenalan abjad, suku kata, perkataan, frasa, ayat tunggal dan ayat majmuk mudah seperti dalam Lampiran 1. 28. Kandungan skop kurikulum numerasi merangkumi aspek nombor bermula dari sifar hingga angka 1000, yang melibatkan operasi asas tambah, tolak, darab dan bahagi, di samping mengaplikasikannya dalam pengiraan pengukuran seperti dalam Lampiran 2.

BAHAN DAN INSTRUMEN LITERASI DAN NUMERASI 29. Murid yang mengikuti Program LINUS menggunakan modulpengajaran dan pembelajaran asas literasi dan numerasi yang sesuai dengan tahap keupayaan murid bagi memastikan kejayaan program ini. 30. Guru digalakkan menyedia dan menggunakan bahan pengajaran dan pembelajaran mengikut kesesuaian murid dan kreativiti. 31. Instrumen saringan dibina dan diguna pakai untuk menentukan sama ada murid telah menguasai asas literasi dan numerasi. Pembinaaan instrumen saringan disediakan oleh Lembaga Peperiksaan (LP).

PELAPORAN 32. Pengumpulan data saringan dan analisis data dikendalikan oleh Bahagian Pengurusan Sekolah Harian (BPSH) sementara laporan pemantauan disediakan oleh Jemaah Nazir dan Jaminan Kualiti (JNJK). PERJAWATAN 33. Jawatan fasiLINUS diwujudkan di PPD untuk membantu guru dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran Program LINUS di sekolah. 34. Jawatan Guru Pemulihan Khas akan ditambah di sekolah bagi melaksanakan Program LINUS.

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