Free Essay

Auditor En Audit-Firm Rotation

In:

Submitted By stellahak
Words 1210
Pages 5
Auditor en Audit-firm rotation

In december 2003 kon Parmalat een obligatielening van 150 miljoen euro niet terugbetalen, terwijl het 4.5 miljard aan liquide middelen zou hebben. Dit geld bleek er echter niet te zijn, er was fraude gepleegd met betrekking tot de jaarrekening en er was leningdocumentatie vervalst. Later verdween Parmalat zelfs van de beurs. Naar aanleiding van het Parmalat-schandaal en een aantal soortgelijke boekhoudschandalen in de afgelopen eeuw, (zoals Enron, Worldcom, en Xerox) wordt er toenemende kritiek geuit naar de rol van de externe accountant als onafhankelijke derde partij. Als reactie op de boekhoudschandalen is er wereldwijd aanscherping van de controle- en verslaggevingregels. Verplichte rotatie is een van de mogelijke oplossingen. Hierbij wordt gewisseld van accountant (auditor rotation) of van het accountantsbureau (audit-firm rotation). Dit zou voorkomen dat de accountant wordt beïnvloed door het bedrijf wat opportunistische manipulatie tot gevolg zou hebben. In deze tekst wordt onderzocht of het wisselen van accountantskantoor daadwerkelijk een gunstige invloed heeft op de kwaliteit van de accountantsverklaring. De primaire rol van de accountant is het verhogen van de kwaliteit van de financiële informatie in overeenstemming met de normen van de PCAOB. Het doel is ervoor te zorgen dat er geen materiële afwijkingen in de jaarrekening van een entiteit zitten (Marshall, McManus, & Viele, 2013, p. 408). Financiële verslaggeving wordt gebruikt om financiële informatie over een entiteit te communiceren met de externe omgeving. Met als doel de externe omgeving inzicht te geven in de financiële positie van deze entiteit. Wegens het bestaan van informatie asymmetrie, en de mogelijke belangenconflicten tussen de bedrijfsleiding en externe gebruikers, wordt een onafhankelijke accountantsverklaring vereist (Johnson, Khurana, & Reynolds, 2002, p. 641). De kwaliteit van deze verklaring hangt volgens Antle en Nalebuff (1991, zoals geciteerd in: Johnson, Khurana, & Reynolds, 2002, p. 641) af van de competenties van de accountant zelf en de waarschijnlijkheid dat deze accountant in staat is de (mogelijke) materiële onjuistheden te rapporteren. De bereidheid om deze materiële onjuistheden te corrigeren hangt af van de onafhankelijkheid van de accountant. Om deze onafhankelijkheid te waarborgen is accountant rotatie of accountantsbureau rotatie een mogelijke oplossing.
Er is sprake van interne rotatie wanneer de eindverantwoordelijke partner binnen het accountantskantoor dient te worden vervangen. Wanneer van het gehele accountantskantoor wordt gewisseld wordt het kantoorrotatie genoemd. Nu is de vraag of de rotatie van accountant of accountantskantoor daadwerkelijk de kwaliteit van de financiële verslaggeving verbeterd. Mautz en Sharaf (1961, zoals geciteerd in: Myers, Myers, & Omer, 2003, p. 781) suggereren dat een langdurige accountant-cliënt relatie mogelijk een schadelijk effect heeft op de onafhankelijkheid van de accountant omdat het de objectiviteit van de accountant na verloop van tijd gereduceerd wordt. Een lange termijn relatie zou leiden tot een verhoogde mate van vertrouwdheid tussen de twee partijen waardoor zowel de onafhankelijkheid als de professionele scepsis wordt aangetast (Casterella, Johnston, 2012, p. 109). Hierbij sluit ook de theorie ‘’learned confidence’’ van Shockley (1981) aan, waarbij de controlerend accountant een bepaalde mate van vertrouwen in de cliënt heeft. Dit heeft als mogelijk gevolg dat de accountant minder zware en minder innovatieve controleprocedures gebruikt (Johnson, Khurana, & Reynolds, 2002, p. 643). Regelgevende instanties stellen dat er een verband is tussen de ambtstermijn en de vermindering van de kwaliteit van de winst. Er wordt gesuggereerd dat verminderde onafhankelijkheid van de accountant kan leiden tot niet onderbouwde boekhoudkundige keuzes die de grenzen van de GAAP opzoeken. Dit zou kunnen leiden tot het falen van het opsporen van materiele fraude en onjuistheden (U.S. Senate 1977; AICPA 1978; Berton 1991; SEC 1994, zoals geciteerd in: Myers, Myers, & Omer, 2003, p. 781). Stefaniak, Robertson, en Houston (2009, zoals geciteerd in: Casterella, Johnston, 2012, pp. 108-109) hebben bevonden dat de meeste studies kijken naar het verband van de termijn en de verschillende maatregelen van de controlekwaliteit. In het algemeen vinden ze dat controlekwaliteit hoger is wanneer er sprake is van een langere accountant-cliënt relatie. Het probleem van deze gevolgtrekking is dat de meeste van deze studies gebruik maken van gegevens waarbij er geen sprake is van verplichte accountant rotatie, maar vrijwillige (Casterella, Johnston, 2012, p. 109). Kennis is een essentieel onderdeel voor het vermogen van de accountant om materiële afwijkingen in de financiële verslaggeving te ontdekken. Bepaalde kennis is cliënt specifiek, dit creëert een aanzienlijke leercurve voor nieuwe accountants (Knapp, 1991, zoals geciteerd in: Johnson, Khurana, & Reynolds, 2002, p. 642). Het is hierdoor mogelijk dat de accountant in het begin van de relatie met de cliënt minder snel materiele afwijkingen zal ontdekken, dan wanneer de accountant langere tijd dezelfde klant controleert. Een dergelijke accountant heeft dus een dieper inzicht in het bedrijf van de cliënt en behaalt zo een relatief voordeel t.o.v. een nieuwe accountant (Beck, Frecka, & Solomon 1988, zoals geciteerd in: Johnson, Khurana, & Reynolds, 2002, p. 642). Geiger en Raghunandan (2002, zoals geciteerd in: Casterella, Johnston, 2012, p. 110) hebben het verband tussen de ambtstermijn en de kwaliteit van de financiële verslaggeving bij 117 bedrijven in crisis onderzocht. Er is gekeken naar factoren zoals de grootte van de onderneming en de waarschijnlijkheid van een faillissement. Er word geconstateerd dat wanneer de ambtstermijn toeneemt de kans dat de onafhankelijke accountant faalt juist afneemt. Verder onderzoek naar de ambtstermijn en kwaliteit van de accountantscontrole is verstrekt door de AICPA’s Quality Control Inquiry Committee van de SEC Practise Section. Dit Committee heeft 406 gevallen van aangetoond tekortschietende resultaten van de accountantscontroles tussen 1979 en 1991 onderzocht. Uit dit onderzoek is geconcludeerd dat de beweringen met betrekking tot het falen van de accountantscontrole zich drie keer zo vaak voordoen wanneer een accountantskantoor haar eerste of tweede controle van een bepaalde cliënt verricht (Myers, Myers, & Omer, 2003, p. 782). Er zijn verschillende onderzoeken naar het verband van de ambtstermijn en de kwaliteit van de accountantscontrole verricht. Een lange termijn relatie zou mogelijk leiden tot een verhoogde mate van vertrouwdheid, waardoor de onafhankelijkheid en objectiviteit van de accountant aangetast zou worden. Volgens de ‘’learned confidence’’ theorie zou de over tijd toegenomen mate van vertrouwen leiden tot een vermindering van innovatieve controleprocedures. Echter, de meeste studies tonen aan dat de kwaliteit van de financiële verslaggeving hoger is wanneer er sprake is van een langere accountant-cliënt relatie. Daarbij zal een accountant die gedurende langere periode voor een cliënt werkt meer cliënt specifieke kennis hebben verworven waardoor de accountant sneller materiele afwijkingen zal ontdekken. Hieruit kan geconcludeerd worden dat de rotatie van accountant of accountantskantoor geen positief effect heeft op de kwaliteit van de financiële verslaggeving. Ondersteuning voor de conclusie is ook het feit dat er geen literatuur is gevonden die de wisseling van kantoor of accountant onderbouwd.
Bibliografie

Casterella, J.R., Johnston, D. (2012). Can the academic literature contribute to the debate over mandatory audit firm rotation? Elsevier, 25(1), 108-116.
Johnson, V. E., Khurana, I. K., & Reynolds, J. K. (2002). Audit-firm tenure and the quality of financial reports. Contemporary Accounting Research, 19(4), 637–660.
Marshall, D.H., McManus, W.W., & Viele, D.F., (2013). Accounting: What the numbers mean New York: McGraw-Hill.
Myers, J.N., Myers, L.A., & Omer, T.C. (2003). Exploring the Term of the Auditor- Client Relationship and the Quality of Earnings: A Case for Mandatory Auditor Rotation? The Accounting Review, 78(3), 779-799.

Similar Documents

Premium Essay

Mandatory Firm Rotation

...Mandatory Firm Rotation Background With the fast advent of globalization, countries, regions and governments have become more interdependent. Companies all over the world including small- and medium-sized entities work together and across geographies to attain sustainable growth. With the world becoming more borderless, it is then imperative that a strong financial planning must be made available for universal adoption. The international business environment relies on unbiased, clear, consistent, relevant and high quality standards. The task to develop and review internationally accepted standards was given to accounting councils and organizations such as IFRS Advisory Council and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB). With the shared thoughts for a better and universally applicable accounting, accounting-related boards and councils, managers and accountants all over the world constantly review existing standards and examine its implementation. One issue that has been a hot topic of recent debates is the concept of Mandatory Audit Firm Rotation that was released by the PCAOB (TYSIAC, 2012). The Issue The conception of mandatory firm rotation is not fresh and was even considered by the U.S. Congress in the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The Congress however dismissed the concept in favor of the mandatory engagement partner rotation (Point of View, 2012). However, years after the conception of mandatory firm rotation was revived. Last August 16, a concept release...

Words: 1246 - Pages: 5

Premium Essay

Consob vs Pcaob

... No countries within the EU, with the exception of Italy, currently have a system of mandatory audit firm rotation. In recent years, auditing of financial reports, i.e. the activity aimed at certifying “substantial reliability” of the financial statements, has been regulated both as a consequence of Europeans Union (EU) Directives, and as a consequence of domestic initiatives aimed at rebuilding public confidence in financial reports after the wellknown financial scandals. Furthermore, the reform of the Italian Company Act (Legislative Decree no.5 of 17 January 2003) requires that financial reports of all listed companies as well as limited liability companies (above a given size threshold) be audited by an independent auditor. It is required that the auditing be carried out by either an audit firm, by a Board of statutory auditors or by an individual auditor. According to art. 2409-bis of the Civil Code, the by-laws of unlisted companies which are not required to prepare consolidated financial reports can delegate the accounting audit to a Board of statutory auditors. As a consequence, under this regulation, it was required that the audit of private Italian companies’ financial reports be made by the Board of statutory auditors or by another body that may be selected among3: 1. Chartered auditors who are members of the Registro dei Revisori; 2. Audit firms that are members of the Registro dei Revisori or of the register kept by CONSOB (the Italian equivalent...

Words: 868 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

The Legal Regulation of the

...COMPANY AUDITOR IN POST-ENRON SOUTH AFRICA Hannine Drake THESIS PRESENTED IN FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF LAWS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF STELLENBOSCH Supervisor: Prof A.H. van Wyk March 2009 ii DECLARATION By submitting this thesis electronically, I declare that the entirety of the work contained therein is my own, original work, that I am the owner of the copyright thereof (unless to the extent explicitly otherwise stated) and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it for obtaining any qualification. Date: 25 February 2009 Copyright © 2009 Stellenbosch University All rights reserved iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In acknowledgement to all who have contributed to this work in some form: writing this thesis would have otherwise been like swimming through mud. To my supervisor, Professor Andreas van Wyk, thank you for your leadership, patience, and academic skill in guiding me through the research process. To Adéle Mulder and Charl Marais, thank you for your continuous insight and perspectives, both academic and otherwise. And finally to Hilda and Gerrie Steyn, who have been absolutely crucial throughout all my years of study, thank you for your indispensable support, in all its forms. iv SUMMARY The worldwide increase of corporate failures on the scale of Enron and WorldCom has sparked a renewed international trend of corporate governance review. With the external company auditor blamed...

Words: 50477 - Pages: 202

Premium Essay

Auditing and Assurance

...the non-audit services that auditing firms can provide to their audit clients. (1) Discuss the benefits and disadvantages of auditors providing non-audit services to clients The objective of this assignment is to examine the benefits and disadvantages of auditors providing non-audit services to their clients. Further discussing in what ways the European Union proposals may prove beneficial and in what ways they may be disadvantageous. Auditing is considered an exceedingly complex process, maintaining a relevant and valuable insight to a company’s financial statements and its reports based on the conduct of their audits. (Gray, I. and Manson, S. 2011). An auditor’s priority is to provide assurance services through evaluating; providing the best financial or non-financial information to clients. (Europa.eu, 2015). Therefore this allows the clients to make the best informed decisions regarding their business. In the recent times, the appearance of professional service firms has resulted from a growing demand for specialist advice to help them achieve business advantage in the competitive market. In May 2014 the European commission published a directive, amending the Statutory Audit directive and a new Audit regulation. (Campa, D. and Donnelly, 2015). Non-audit services that are provided by auditors consist of management consultancy, tax advice and human resources consultancy. These services are aimed to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of an audit and the identity...

Words: 2751 - Pages: 12

Premium Essay

Audit Papers

...GFC of 2007 was the worst financial crisis of recent times. The US market plunged right into the recessionary periods and large multi-national companies struggled to keep up with the market conditions. Also known as, the burst of the financial bubble, governments realized the lack of regulations to control the market. These regulations related to accounting policies, auditing policies and more stringent rules as responses to major corporate collapses and upheavals in the financial sector. The introduction of Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) of 2002 and Corporate Law Economic Reform Program (CLERP) 9 resulted from the shortfalls of the existing regulations prior to 2001. The objective of this paper is to define auditors and GFC. In addition, this paper will look at the how the auditor liability increased because of the GFC. There will also be consideration of any additional issues that may exist in the Pacific as to...

Words: 1738 - Pages: 7

Premium Essay

Enron Research Paper

...and decision-making structure, which made it practically impossible to get coherent and clear view on corporations' activities and operations. Enron manipulated its books and assets to help it report steady profit growth to Stock Exchanges and Credit-rating agencies. Investors generally are not willing to pay as much for the stock of a volatile trading operation, and this gave rise to manipulations. This paper briefly describes the legal and ethical breaches by Enron, the key factors and events that led to its collapse and the passing of the Sarbanes Oxley Act as a consequence of such a catastrophe. The paper also discusses the key components of the Sarbanes Oxley Act and its effect on publicly traded companies, its management and the auditors. Legal, Ethical and Accounting Breaches Committed by Enron Enron committed numerous frauds to deceive the public during its course of business. One of the major frauds was the setting up of SPE’s (special purpose entities). Enron used these SPE’s or off balance sheet...

Words: 3098 - Pages: 13

Premium Essay

Sox Anaylzation

...the SEC to maintain a strong track record of corporate financial disclosure oversight through the 1990’s, when a period of rapid stock market growth and crashes rocked the system (Introduction to SOX, n.d). During that period, companies such as Enron and Sunbeam Corporation abruptly filed for bankruptcy or devalued overnight. This occurred largely because they concealed the real state of their financial health on audit reports (Livingston, 2003, p.7). In response to these scandals the US Congress passed the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX). Many of the provisions in SOX give additional powers to the SEC, including jurisdiction over the new Public Accounting Oversight Board and oversight over private industry Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), and Generally Accepted Auditing Standards (GAAS). Moreover, U.S. public company CEOs and CFOs must certify the accuracy of financial statements, and disgorge equity and incentive based compensation when required. The act ensures that U.S. public company officials are prohibited from influencing independent auditors, and makes it a felony to “knowingly” manipulate documents or impede an investigation (Livingston, 2003, p. 7). This paper will discuss the implications of SOX on the financial community as it relates to changes...

Words: 3587 - Pages: 15

Premium Essay

Role and Function of Pcaob

...Role and function of the PCAOB and AS 5 and AS 11 Ramecha Davis This paper is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Auditing BUS5423 Section 70 Texas Woman’s University Dr. John Nugent April 20, 2015 Abstract The purpose of this research paper is to provide an in depth review of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) and how it contributes to the interest of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002. The research highlights the importance of the PCAOB’s role in the accounting profession as well as prospective changes that may evolve in the future related to PCAOB. Upon reading this research the reader will be familiar with PCAOB’s roles and functions, as well as auditing standards (AS) released such as AS5 and AS11. The PCAOB’s significance in the protection of investors is revealed as well. Keywords: SEC, PCAOB, SOX, AS 5, AS 11, Internal Control, Materiality Table of Contents Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………………….5 PCAOB…………….……………………………………..……………………………….……….……5-6 a) The PCAOB Mission, Vision, & Core Values………………………………….………........6-7 b) Current Standards…………………………………………………………….…..............…7-8 c) Future Standard Plans…………………………………………………………………….…8-9 Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 Section 404……………………………………………………………...….9 a) Auditing Standard 5…………………………………………………………………….….9-10 b) Auditing Standard 11……………………………………………………………………..10-12 c) Communication Requirements..............................

Words: 4910 - Pages: 20

Premium Essay

The Role and Function of Pcaob and as 5

...impact of AS 5. Keywords: audit, AS 5, financial statements, PCAOB, SEC, SOX Table of Contents Introduction ………….……………………………………………………..……………………4 Scandals ...…..……………………………………...……………………………………………4 PCAOB Mission and Vision …………………… ……………………………………………….5 Structure ………………………….……………..……………………………………………5, 6 PCAOB's Objective….…….……..…………………………………………………………….6, 7 Duties ………………………….…..………………………………………………….……… 7, 8 Standard Setting………..………………………………………………………………..……..…8 Inspection ………………………………………………………………………………………..8 Enforcement…………..………………………………………………………………..……...8, 9 AS5 .…………………….…………………………………………………...…………….…9, 10 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………….....……. 10 References …………………………………………………………………………………….. 11 History of PCAOB …………………………………………………………………… 13-19 Introduction Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) was passed in 2002 and as a result brought numerous changes to auditing. The Sarbanes-Oxley was passed in direct response to business failures, allegations of corporate improprieties and financial statement restatements. Prior to the SOX passage, auditors used a risk-based approach to perform audits of a company's internal controls. The auditors would identify the areas where improvement were needed and made suggestions for improvements upon their findings. Due to the changes brought forth by the passage, “the Sarbanes-Oxley internal control certification provisions impose significant responsibilities on both management and the auditor” (McConnell,...

Words: 4474 - Pages: 18

Premium Essay

Fins 3626

...Australia.……………………………………………. 7 2.3 Tesco ………………………………………………………………………….......9 2.4 Tata Motors …………………………………………………………………......11 2.5 Fast Retailing ………..……………………………………………………….....13 3. Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………....17 Appendix .…………………………………………………………………………………. 18 Bibliography ……………………………………………………………………………… 23 Executive Summary The need for solid and sound corporate governance practice has become increasingly important in recent years, as the recent high profile corporate collapses (Enron, OneTel) are related to poor governance structure. The Corporate Governance Assessment Model attached in the appendix outlined five significant factors that can assist in determining the level of corporate governance of the selected firms. These include: * Appropriate Board Structure And Composition * Management Compensations * Integrity in Financial Reporting * Effective Risk management * Corporate Social Responsibility Selected companies are likely to have a well-established corporate governance system if the selected companies achieve high ratings in these corporate governance factors. This report will apply these five factors to each corporation including Commonwealth Bank of Australia, Fast Retailing Co. ltd, Facebook, Tesco Plc. and Tata Motors Ltd. 
Based on our evaluation, selected companies have failed to meet certain criteria in our measures of the Assessment model. For example, both Facebook and Fast Retailing’s board lack independence...

Words: 7224 - Pages: 29

Premium Essay

Corporate Social Responsibility

...Responsibility, Audit Fees, and Audit Opinions Long Chen School of Management George Mason University E-mail: lchenk@gmu.edu Bin Srinidhi Department of Accountancy City University of Hong Kong E-mail: acbin@cityu.edu.hk Albert Tsang School of Accountancy The Chinese University of Hong Kong E-mail: albert.tsang@cuhk.edu.hk Wei Yu Department of Accounting and Information Management The University of Tennessee E-mail: wyu4@utk.edu March 30, 2012 We thank Zhiyan Cao, Joseph Carcello, Keith Jones, Kathryn Kadous, Roger Simnett, and seminar participants at the City University of Hong Kong, George Mason University, National University of Singapore, Singapore Management University, Sun Yat-sen Business School, 2011 Academic Conference on Social Responsibility held by the University of Washington Tacoma, and 2012 AAA Auditing Section Midyear Conference for their helpful comments. Corporate Social Responsibility, Audit Fees, and Audit Opinions Abstract Using a sample of U.S. firms from 2000-2008, we examine whether and how their Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) affects audit fees and the audit opinions. We find that auditors charge lower fees and reduce the propensity to issue going concern qualifications to client firms with superior CSR performance, but increase them for clients with significant CSR concerns. We interpret this finding as suggesting that the auditors use CSR information as an indicator of the client’s audit risk. This...

Words: 23847 - Pages: 96

Premium Essay

Auditing Cases

... Your1040Return.com Evaluating eBusiness Revenue Recognition, Information Privacy, and Electronic Evidence Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 2.2 2.3 2.4 Dell Computer Corporation Evaluation of Client Business Risk Flash Technologies, Inc. Asher Farms Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Risk Analysis and Resolution of Client Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Understanding of Client’s Business Environment s e ct ion 3 Professional and ethical issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 S o l u tio nS inc lu de d in t h iS Section 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 A Day in the Life of Brent Dorsey Staff Auditor Professional Pressures Nathan Johnson’s Rental Car Reimbursement Solving Ethical Dilemmas–Should He Pocket the Cash? Recognizing It’s a Fraud and Evaluating What to Do . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 The Anonymous Caller WorldCom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 The Story of a Whistleblower . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79...

Words: 162000 - Pages: 648

Premium Essay

A Guide to Forensic Accounting Investigation

...A GUIDE TO FORENSIC ACCOUNTING INVESTIGATION THOMAS W. GOLDEN, STEVEN L. SKALAK, AND MONA M. CLAYTON JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. A GUIDE TO FORENSIC ACCOUNTING INVESTIGATION THOMAS W. GOLDEN, STEVEN L. SKALAK, AND MONA M. CLAYTON JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. This book is printed on acid-free paper. Copyright © 2006 by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP. PricewaterhouseCoopers refers to the individual member firms of the worldwide PricewaterhouseCoopers organization. All rights reserved. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey. Published simultaneously in Canada. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400, fax 978-646-8600, or on the Web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, 201-748-6011, fax 201-748-6008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this...

Words: 246885 - Pages: 988

Premium Essay

Enron

...Enron and World Finance A Case Study in Ethics Edited by Paul H. Dembinski, Carole Lager, Andrew Cornford and Jean-Michel Bonvin Enron and World Finance Also by Observatoire de la Finance From Bretton Woods to Basel Finance & the Common Good/Bien Commun, no. 21, Spring 2005 Ethics of Taxation and Banking Secrecy Finance & the Common Good/Bien Commun, no. 12, Autumn 2002 Will the Euro Shape Europe? Finance & the Common Good/Bien Commun, no. 9, Winter 2001–2 Dommen, E. (ed.) Debt Beyond Contract Finance & the Common Good/Bien Commun, Supplement no. 2, 2001 Bonvin, J.-M. Debt and the Jubilee: Pacing the Economy Finance & the Common Good/Bien Commun, Supplement no. 1, 1999 Dembinski, P. H. (leading contributor) Economic and Financial Globalization: What the Numbers Say United Nations, Geneva, 2003 Enron and World Finance A Case Study in Ethics Edited by Paul H. Dembinski Carole Lager Andrew Cornford and Jean-Michel Bonvin in association with the Observatoire de la Finance Selection, editorial matter and Chapters 1, 2 and 16 © Observatoire de la Finance Remaining chapters © contributors 2006 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence ...

Words: 118357 - Pages: 474

Premium Essay

Case

...Auditing Cases An Interactive Learning Approach FIFTH M F S D E D ITIO N S. B A. B M. G F. P Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editor in Chief: Donna Battista Acquisitions Editor: Stephanie Wall Editorial Project Manager: Christina Rumbaugh Senior Managing Editor: Cynthia Zonneveld Production Project Manager: Carol O'Rourke Senior Operations Supervisor: Diane Peirano Printer/Binder: BindRite Graphics, Robbinsville Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on the appropriate page within text. Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2006, 2003, 2000 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish...

Words: 139985 - Pages: 560