...Chapter 01: Introduction & Agribusiness Bangladesh has a first and foremost agrarian economy. It is the single largest producing sector of the economy of Bangladesh. Most of the Bangladeshi people are involved with agricultural activities. They earn their living by doing such activities. It includes about 30% of the country’s GDP. Near about 60% people of our country are involved with agricultural activities which prove that a large amount of labor force is doing such activities. It has a great impact on some major objectives, such as- employment generation, poverty alleviation, human resources development and food security. Agricultural holdings in Bangladesh are generally small. Through Cooperatives the use of modern machinery is gradually gaining popularity. Rice, Jute, Sugarcane, Potato, Pulses, Wheat, Tea and Tobacco are the principal crops. The crop sub-sector dominates the agriculture sector contributing about 72% of total production. Fisheries, livestock and forestry sub-sectors are 10.33%, 10.11% and 7.33% respectively. For a number of factors, Bangladesh's labor-intensive agriculture has achieved stable increases in food grain production in spite of the often hostile weather conditions. It contains better flood control and irrigation. Agricultural product of Bangladesh: Rice is the staple food of Bangladesh. The production of rice can be harvested 2 or 3 times a year. Wheat is also a valuable agricultural product of our country. However due to weather conditions...
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...Government ministry In Bangladesh economy Submitted to Shahnawaz Mohammad Rafi Faculty of Economics American International University-Bangladesh Submitted by Islam Md. Ashraful 09-14107-2 Mow Farzana Sultana 09-18984-2 Dewanjee Tushar Kanti 09-13918-2 Md. Faisal Al Imran 09-13998-2 Imtiaz Ashfaq 09-13932-2 Islam Md. Rashedul 09-14203-2 Role of local Government ministry In Bangladesh economy Bangladesh is a poor country. Most of the people live below the poverty line. Our GDP depends on Agriculture and industry. As a newly independent (1971) country Bangladesh is struggling with huge population, low per capita income, mass poverty, unemployment and underemployment, illiteracy, child labor, malnutrition, corruption, and related social problems. The economy of the country is poor and based on the rural agricultural sector, but natural disasters - mainly floods, affects the economy annually which delays economic progress. Rural-urban disparity in terms of per capita income, consumption, education, health facilities, and physical infrastructure is an important developmental issue in Bangladesh. The Government of Bangladesh and a significant number of non-government organizations (NGOs) are working to improve the socioeconomic conditions of rural poor people of the country. To improve the economic development of the country the local Government ministry should work for it. Bangladesh economy depends on some several sectors like agriculture, roads...
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...Nutritional Status & Agricultural Growth in Economic Development of Bangladesh Introduction Bangladesh faces an unfinished agenda with regard to nutrition. Child under nutrition rates remain among the highest in the world. Infant stunting and underweight rates in Bangladesh are above those in Sub-Saharan Africa (50% vs. 30% for underweight and 50% vs. 40% for stunting) despite the latter’s higher poverty rates. A key underlying factor, maternal malnutrition remains intractable despite efforts to improve the nutritional status of pregnant women. Iron deficiency anemia affects nearly 50% of all pregnant and lactating women. A direct consequence of this is low birth weight, which affects 30-50% of all newborns. It limits children’s growth potential and increases their vulnerability to infectious diseases and non-communicable diseases later in life. It also damages their ability to learn and develop useful skills, which exposes them to poverty and further under nutrition. Bangladesh is thus characterized by a cycle of intergenerational poverty, ill-health and malnutrition. To-date, public sector investments to address this have had very little impact because they were limited in scale and scope. Malnutrition is a multi-dimensional problem requiring interventions that cut across sectorial boundaries. Sustained improvements in nutrition outcomes are achieved not only through improved food security, but also changes in behaviours and knowledge regarding dietary diversity, child...
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...ABSTRACT Agriculture is the most important sector of the economy of Bangladesh which provides 63% employment and contributing 18.6% to the national GDP. But unfortunately the farmer’s community is one of the most deprived ones in our country and frequent access to information remains one of the crying needs for a long time period. It can enable them to enhance their quality of life. It has been argued that telecommunication operators can come to aid in this respect. Telecommunications operators have already expanded their services and provided specialized agro-based services to the farmers. This paper attempts to investigate the attitude of the farmers about these agro-based services provided by the telecommunication operator. It also explored the characteristics of the user’s and their perception. Data were collected from 120 respondents who were the user of telecommunication operator’s agro-based services from selected areas from August 18 to October 15, 2011. The data were collected through a structured interview schedule. Evidence from interviews, personal observations suggest that most of the user of these services were young, had little farming experience with small farm side and from small to medium families. These services were treated helpful to overcome their obstacles to information collection but still not efficient like the means they use to collect information traditionally. They wanted information in various field of agriculture especially in the area of price...
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...Bismillahir Rahmanir Rahim International Islamic University Chittagong Department of ELL An assignment on Climate change and its effect on Bangladesh Course code: URBS-4802 Course title: Bangladesh Studies Prepared for: Mohammad Tawhidul Islam Lecturer Department of CEN-URC International Islamic University Chittagong Prepared by: Mohammad Sahidul Islam Matric no: N081025 Department of ELL International Islamic University Chittagong Date of submission: 21st January, 2012 Introduction: The coastal areas of Bangladesh are different from rest of the country because of their unique geo-physical characteristics and different socio-political consequences that often limit people’s access to endowed resources and perpetuate risk and vulnerabilities. Bangladesh’s coast is the biggest victim to natural disasters and highly affected by climate change with problems including salinity and water logging, soil erosion, flooding and cyclones. A dramatic increase in the level of interest and concern relating to the impact of “Climate Change” on Bangladesh is readily apparent. The consequential high level of visibility of this issue within Government, Civil Society and the international community...
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...INTRODUCTION Seed is an important vehicle for technological innovations. And good seed is one of the first and foremost prerequisites for a healthy and vigorous crop. However, seed is more than an agricultural input and a source of new technologies. A range of developmental, socio-economic, environmental and political issues are also covered by seed: food security, natural resource management, agro biodiversity, intellectual property rights, social dynamics, gender, cultural and religious dimensions, policies and regulations. And seed technology is the total of all the systematic activities necessary for production and supply of quality seeds in the crop culture of a country. These systematic activities are: multiplication, processing and preservation, quality assurance, marketing and finally ensuring the use of seed by farmers. The sequential approach in ensuring the use of quality seed has been undertaken in mid seventies and the quantity of seeds supplied by following the seed technological activities is only 6% of the total requirement. Rest of the seed used in the country is almost of unknown quality. Researches undertaken in these areas are inadequate and fragmentary. History of Seed System Development Traditionally, farmers keep a part of their produce as seed and use it for subsequent crop production. They also collect seed from their neighbors’ when necessary. Seeds were also sold in village markets. Seed traders...
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...be realized by looking into structural questions of subsidy. The case of Bangladesh provides an example of how a proper procedure of accounting can shift the onus of correcting numerous distortions that arise from current practices, from farmers to industries. The case study also shows that farmers receive less subsidy than usually claimed and the hidden subsidy to industries is passed on to farmers. The Bangladesh case may represent developing countries in a general manner. Introduction: In the early 1970s, Bangladesh pursued a highly restrictive trade and exchange rate policy characterized by import regulations, high import tariffs, export taxes, pervasive quantitative restrictions, and an overvalued exchange rate, similar to policies of the 1960s when it was part of united Pakistan. The policy regime in the 1970s was especially restrictive for the agricultural sector.. Major reforms in markets for fertilizer and irrigation equipment markets were begun during the late 1970s (Appendix Table A8). Under the New Marketing System established in 1978, private trade in fertilizer was liberalized, leading to a large expansion in the number of wholesalers and retailers operating in the fertilizer market. The government had a monopoly on import of most agricultural commodities and placed major restrictions on exports of raw jute, the major agricultural export. As a result of these distortions, agricultural price incentives were substantially reduced throughout the period (Rahman...
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...INTRODUCTION Farming is the ancient and the most common profession in Bangladesh. Most of the people of Bangladesh live in village and most of the villagers (62% manpower in agriculture1) are involved in farming. One of the main reasons of having common interest to farming is: the land is very fertile and most of the part of Bangladesh is plain. Another interesting thing is Bangladeshi people naturally good in farming. Agricultural sector is the single largest contributor to GDP. The crop sub-sector dominates the agriculture sector contributing about 72% of total production. Fisheries, livestock and forestry sub-sectors are 10.33%, 0.11% and 7.33% Respectively. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY These research objectives regarding our assignment are – ➢ To know about agriculture. ➢ To know about the Agriculture in Bangladesh ➢ To describe the Paddy Rice Sector in Bangladesh ➢ To know, Paddy Rice Production Cost in Bangladesh ➢ To find out estimates of Boro Rice in Bangladesh, 2010-2012. ➢ To describe the cost of Boro Rice Production during the April-June 2009 Harvesting Season ➢ To measure cost of Production of Boro Paddy in Comilla, 2013 ➢ To Measure cost and Return of HYV Boro Paddy in Comilla District ➢ To find out Problems of Agriculture in Bangladesh ➢ To reveal Opportunities of Agriculture in Bangladesh ➢ Recommend some necessary steps to solve the existing problems. METHODOLOGY Assigned report topic is “Measuring the cost of...
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...Women Empowerment in Bangladesh: Effect of WTO Non-Agricultural Market Access (NAMA) Introduction The negotiations on Non-Agricultural Market Access (NAMA) in the World Trade Organization (WTO) are expected to lead Bangladesh to substantial increase in ReadyMade Garments (RMG) export in world market. The NAMA negotiations are aimed to reduce or eliminate tariffs, including tariff peaks, high tariffs, tariff escalation and nontariff barriers for non-agricultural goods, in particular on products of export interest to developing countries. Non-agricultural products include industrial goods, manufactured goods, textiles, fuels and mining products, footwear, jewellery, forestry products, fish and fisheries, and chemicals. Collectively, they represent almost 90% of world merchandise exports. WTO has decided to take Special and Differential treatment for developing and least developed Members like Bangladesh, including through less than full reciprocity in the reduction measures to assist LDCs to participate effectively in the negotiations. NAMA negotiations are likely to have important positive implications for the LDCs like Bangladesh in the form of increased export. As the structure of Bangladesh export is heavily titled towards labor-intensive sectors as apparels and textiles, increase in export will likely to have consequent positive implications on new job creations in RMG sector. In Bangladesh nearly 3 million workers are with RMG sector of which 80% is female workers. The...
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...Oxfam in Bangladesh [pic] Background of Oxfam International. [pic] Countries with Oxfam members in green and countries with Oxfam observer members in purple. Oxfam International is a confederation of eleven non-governmental development agencies, which finances development initiatives in 52 of the poorest countries around the world and engages in strategic development funding partnerships with communal, local and regional Non-Governmental Organizations, whose development and advocacy projects Oxfam support and whose cause Oxfam try to champion in the North. Background Oxfam International (OI) is a confederation of 13 organizations working together with over 3,000 partner organizations in more than 100 countries to find lasting solutions to poverty, suffering and injustice. Currently Ol, with an objective to ensure Economic Justice, has initiated a global campaign with national focuses. Bangladesh has been selected as one of the ten focus countries across the globe. This has resulted into the Campaign for Sustainable Rural Livelihoods (CSRL) in Bangladesh with a view to seeing that more women and men living in poverty with vulnerable livelihoods in rural areas will realize their right to secure sustainable livelihoods. This will require Oxfam to contributing to equality with growth, the empowerment of women and men to demand their economic rights, and reducing the vulnerability of poor women and men. Under the framework- agriculture...
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...Food Policy Capacity of Bangladesh Introduction * Food security situation * US$ 641 annual per capita income in 2010 (World Bank 2010) * Bangladesh ranked as the 43rd largest economy in the world in 2010 and also listed among the Next Eleven economies by Goldman Sachs investment bank and Jim O'Neill. * The land is devoted mainly to rice and jute cultivation as well as fruits and produce, although wheat production has increased in recent years; the country is largely self-sufficient in rice production. Bangladesh's growth of its agro industries is due to its rich deltaic fertile land that depend on its six seasons and multiple harvests * Food insecurity and inflation is the persistent challenge for the country. * The 2009 Progress Report for the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) records that the percentage of children aged under five who are underweight fell from 66% to 45% between 1990 and 2009. It also reveals that the rate of decline has slowed since 2000 and is now almost static. * A key uncertainty for the hunger situation in Bangladesh is the impact of the latest round of food price increases. * Food prices have risen sharply through 2010 because Bangladesh remains a food deficit country. * Households affected by food insecurity cite lack of income as the main cause, closely followed by lack of land, according to the 2009 Welfare Monitoring Survey conducted by the Bangladesh Bureau for Statistics. * Agriculture engages 65% of...
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...A RESEARCH PROPOSAL ON IMPACT OF RURAL BANKING ON RURAL FARMERS IN BANGLADESH INTRODUCTION: Bangladesh is an agro-based country, essentially are endeavoring for rapid development of the country. More or less 80 percent people directly or in directly depend on agriculture for their occupation .But it is a matter of great sorrow that farmers of our country get less facility in agricultural inputs especially agricultural credit. Due to the lack of credit at proper time they cannot produce crops at proper efficiency. So the responsibility of rural banks needs to be increased. Because If current agricultural trends continue, by the year 2020 in Bangladesh food shortage will increase many times, .The lower calorie intake could lead to poverty, malnutrition and hunger. In an attempt to alleviate some of these potential problems, several institutional and non-institutional sources of rural credit have been made available to Africans. It is hoped that, in the long term, credit will enable the poor to invest in agricultural and non-agricultural productive assets, to adopt new technologies and farming methods, and to minimize environmental degradation. Bangladesh, like other developing countries, has traditionally experienced low productivity, low income levels, low domestic savings, unemployment, and malnutrition. The Bangladesh government, through the Bangladesh Bank , established Rural Banks to channel credit to productive rural ventures and promote rural development. Rural...
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...INTRODUCTION Bangladesh is a country with a population of about 150 million; population density being the highest in the world. Agriculture still remains the mainstay in national economy despite rapid industrialization. It plays a significant role in the overall economic development of Bangladesh in terms of contribution to GDP (19.79%), employment (63%), export (15%), food security and poverty reduction. Over the past 50 years, per capita arable land dropped to 0.06 ha. Growing enough food for such a large and growing population with shrinking land is a daunting task. The country has only 8.20 million hectares of agricultural land. In the last two decades, Bangladesh made a significant progress in cereal production. The cereal production has increased from 11.00 million tons in 1971 to almost 30.00 million tons in 2006. Ninety eight per cent of food comes from agriculture. In spite, the food grain production in Bangladesh is facing great challenges due to increasing population, decreasing agricultural land, depleting natural resource base, climate change etc. Rice is the main crop that covers nearly 75% of cropped area contributing over 95% of total food grain production. It provides about 65 percent of direct human calorie intake. It is considered as the center of food security and socio-political stability. Major challenges in agriculture are to overcome the stress like pest and diseases or climatic hazards like submergence, salinity, drought, heat, cold, soil toxicity...
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...JAGANNATH UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE JAGANNATH UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE COURSE TITLE Public finance COURSE CODE: 3105 COURSE TITLE Public finance COURSE CODE: 3105 AN ASSIGNMENT ON EFFECTS OF PUBLIC EXPENDITURES ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME AN ASSIGNMENT ON EFFECTS OF PUBLIC EXPENDITURES ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME SUBMITTED TO: Ayesha Akhter Lecturer DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE FACULTY OF BUSINESS STUDIES JAGANNATH UNIVERSITY Ayesha Akhter Lecturer DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE FACULTY OF BUSINESS STUDIES JAGANNATH UNIVERSITY SUBMITTED BY: Group-01 DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE JAGANNATH UNIVERSITY Group-01 DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE JAGANNATH UNIVERSITY Name of the group members: SL NO. | NAME | ID NO. | 01 | ROBIUL ISLAM RUBEL | B-120203019 | 02 | MD.ABUL KALAM AZAD | B-120203023 | 03 | LAMIA AKTER | B-120203036 | 04 | ASIF AL SAIF | B-120203139 | 05 | MAHMUDUL HASSAN | B-120203102 | 06 | MOHAMMAD MEHADI HASAN | B-120203097 | 07 | ROMANA AKTER PRIA | B-120203059 | 08 | MITHUN KUMER | B-120203041 | 09 | MD.ABU SAYED | B-120203026 | 10 | MOHAMMAD RUHUL AMIN | B-120203062 | TABLE OF CONTENTS SL. NO...
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...(NAP) 3. Smalland Medium Enterprise (SME) 4. ReadyMade Garment(RMG) 5. BangladeshBank(BB) ABSTRACT: Although women in Bangladesh make a direct and equal contribution to that of men in economical contributions, their productive worth is not acknowledged by this male‐dominated society. Some principal reasons for the lack of recognition include the inferior social and religious status of women, seclusion through systematic segregation, negligible legal and property rights ,sex discrimination in gaining access to economic activities, lack of valuation of women's activities, and absence of government policies regarding women’s development. Male‐dominated Bangladesh society undervalues women's work by paying them less than men with the same workload and even with the same output. Credit is taken over by their male counterparts (husbands). This report explores the contribution of women in Agriculture, SME and RMG sectors that would recognize women's labor and incorporate women incomprehensive development activities throughout Bangladesh. INTRODUCTION: Bangladesh has a population around 140 million (July 2011EST.). About 45% of them are still living below the poverty line. Bangladesh’s Human development index (HDI) is 139 (out of 177), ranking as the lowest in the Asian country list. Although women in Bangladesh make a direct and equal contribution to that of men in ECONOMICS. Some principal reasons for the lack of recognition include the inferior social...
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